Miscellaneous Notes on the Reclamation of Tarim (8): My Opinions on the Development of Facility Agriculture in the Seventh Regiment

1. Advantages of developing facility agriculture in group farms.

Located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, far away from the ocean, it has a typical continental arid climate, dry and less rainy, with large daily differences, long sunshine hours, sufficient light, and many sunny days; rich thermal resources, and a long frost-free period. Conditions such as annual average temperature and annual accumulated temperature are suitable for the growth and development of various vegetables.

The temperature rises quickly in early spring, and artificial heating is usually not needed. In short, water, soil, light and heat resources are very abundant, and the resource combination conditions are excellent, which is very suitable for the development of facility agriculture.

1. Geographic conditions: The Seventh Regiment of the First Agricultural Division is located on the northwest edge of the Tarim Basin, in the eastern part of the delta at the end of the piedmont flood plain at the foot of the Tianshan Mountains. Its terrain slopes from west to east and from north to south, with an average ground slope Rainfall is 1/2000.

2. Traffic conditions: It borders Haraltal Town, Aksu City, to the west, the Duolang River to the east, the Eighth Regiment of the First Division, the Water Management Battalion and other units, the Duolang Reservoir to the north, and the Duolang Reservoir to the south. The Aksu River is 79 kilometers away from Aksu City. From the 64th kilometer of the Ata Highway, drive 15 kilometers in the southwest direction to reach the headquarters of the Seventh Regiment. The regiment headquarters is also called Matan Town.

3. Climate characteristics: rapid temperature rise in spring, low rainfall, large temperature difference between day and night, long sunshine hours, 2690.6 hours of sunshine throughout the year, and 193 days of frost-free period.

There were 273 days of accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 0 degrees Celsius, and 207 days of accumulated temperature greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius. January is the coldest month, with an average monthly temperature of -8.5 degrees Celsius.

4. Soil properties: Nitrogen 50PPM, phosphorus 9.8PPM, potassium 364PPM.

5. Irrigation water source: Groundwater mineralization is less than 4 grams/liter.

2. Development of facility agriculture in the Seventh Regiment

1. Construction quantity: From 2014 to 2017, the Seventh Regiment built a total of 774 dug-in steel frame structure greenhouses and cold sheds 5, 3 nursery sheds; covering an area of ??3,619 acres; use area of ??1,115 acres

2. Planting team: 23 households of old employees; 57 households of newly-recruited employees who relocated from the mainland; and 55 households of non-employees.

3. Crop varieties: Mainly planted cucumbers, eggplants, gourds, tomatoes, long beans, croissant, etc.; supporting short beans, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, cantaloupe, baby greens, radish, Chili peppers and more.

4. Vegetable output: According to the statistics of yield per mu, cucumbers are 10,000-12,000 kilograms; tomatoes are 6,000-8,000 kilograms; gourds are 6,000-7,000 kilograms; long beans are 3,500-4,500 kilograms.

5. Planting cost: One crop of seedlings, fertilizer, medicine, labor, etc. costs about 18,000 yuan per mu, and 32,000 yuan for two crops per year.

6. Profit from planting: Based on the calculation of 3 yuan per kilogram of cucumbers, the income from two crops in a greenhouse is 60,000 yuan, minus the cost of 32,000 yuan, the profit is about 28,000 yuan; a husband and wife operate 3 greenhouses with an area of ??5 acres. , reaching the above output and price, a profit of about 100,000 yuan can be harvested.

7. Vegetable sales: Mainly Aksu vegetable vendors go to the fields to buy vegetables.

8. The responsible department: the Agricultural Development Service Center has only one part-time person in charge.

9. Management personnel: 2 people are temporarily employed on the production front line (no establishment, small manpower, low salary), mainly responsible for greenhouse contracting, charging, confirmation of rights, division and normal operation of planting, production, water and electricity.

3. At present, there are bottlenecks restricting the development of agricultural facilities in group farms.

1. The development of facility agriculture started late, with small scale of construction and planting, weak economic radiation, and no industrial chain led by facility agriculture.

Unlike Shandong Shouguang, after forty years of continuous development, the vegetable industry has been built into an influential industrial chain.

Shed films, quilts, steel wires, millless fabrics, rolling shutter machine manufacturing... and even a small brake spring for the rolling shutter machine are all produced and sold in Shouguang Industrial Park, Shandong.

2. There is a lack of professional talents, insufficient technical guidance and motivation, and the development of the planting team is slow.

The production efficiency of facility cultivation is low, the level of facilities is low, and the ability to resist natural disasters is poor. At the same time, the existing agricultural technology service system is weak, with little theoretical knowledge and practical experience in facility cultivation, and poor guidance capabilities. In particular, agricultural technology services are very weak.

Most of the planting team are cotton growers, and they have a short time to explore vegetable planting technology. If we rely solely on the growers to slowly accumulate planting technology in practice, we will not rely on the government's huge technology platform to "go ahead". "Go out and bring in" to learn and grow quickly, the development process is really too slow.

3. Facility agriculture has high investment, high output rate, and high technical content. The government does not provide strong support to growers in terms of technology, credit, subsidies, etc., resulting in a disconnect between growers' reproduction capabilities.

Facility agriculture is a technology-intensive industry with high technological content, high risks, and high labor intensity. Some growers are afraid of risks, seek stability, have conservative ideas, and are worried about failure in planting.

4. There is a single planting variety and a single sales channel. The growers have no bargaining power over the products, which affects the economic benefits of the growers.

Most of the vegetables grown by farmers are purchased by vegetable vendors on the ground. All the bargaining power of the products is in the hands of the vegetable vendors. If you don’t sell to the vegetable vendors, who will you sell to?

3. In the future, thoughts on farm facility agriculture.

National Highway 580 of the 1st Division and 7th Regiment connects Aksu City, Alar City, Kuqa City, Hotan City, Kashgar City and Tazhong Petroleum Base. It is surrounded by the 1st Division 8th Regiment, the 1st Division 16th Regiment, Awati County The location advantage is outstanding and it has good trade conditions for vegetable supply.

If the Seventh Group positions Alar City’s “vegetable basket” to ensure supply, assuming that Alar’s ??urban population is 100,000 and each person consumes 0.3 kilograms of vegetables per day, Alar City needs 30 tons of vegetables per day and annual demand 10,950 tons of vegetables.

Based on the 779 greenhouses in Group 7, of which 500 greenhouses grow vegetables with an annual output of 5,000 tons, the annual vegetable supply and demand shortage is 5,905 tons.

At present, Qituan's facility agriculture has gradually formed a regional and specialized production pattern. From a single early spring to early spring, late autumn and winter production development, the transformation from one-season production to multi-season production, and the increase in income in one season to the increase in income in all four seasons has been realized. There are more than 20 varieties of off-season vegetables, melons and fruits on the market, and the production and supply period extends from November to June of the following year. Facility agriculture has become an optimization industry structure, revitalizing agriculture and group farm economies, and accelerating employee development. An important industry that increases income.

Social contribution is calculated based on the current 779 greenhouses in the Seventh Group: each greenhouse creates employment for 2 people, which can lead to 200 jobs; the average labor wage for each greenhouse is 9,000 yuan, and labor wages can be paid throughout the year 6 million yuan; the annual income of Aksu’s five vegetable transport trucks is 1.5 million yuan; the annual vegetable output is 5,000 tons, ensuring vegetable supply for 50,000 people in the First Division City.

In order to strengthen and optimize facility agriculture in the Seventh Group, combined with the current situation of facility agriculture in the group field, the author puts forward the following suggestions:

1. The government must increase support, based on urban positioning, and introduce Preferential policies have introduced funds, projects, and talents to invest in the development of facility agriculture in Qituan.

On the basis of conditions, the land will be planned to build 700 more high-standard greenhouses, and the entire group will reach the cumulative goal of 1,500 greenhouses.

2. Establish special funds for the development of facility agriculture, mainly used for infrastructure construction, scientific and technological training, market promotion and information network construction.

3. Actively attract investment and encourage enterprises to participate in the warehousing cold chain, logistics and transportation, and wholesale markets supporting facility agriculture.

The cold chain storage capacity is 5,000 tons, the wholesale market is 100 acres, the packaging boxes and bags are 3,000,000 pieces, and the logistics transportation vehicles are 10.

4. Guide the financial sector to invest in facility agriculture and establish a credit system. Capital investment is the fundamental guarantee for the development of facility agriculture.

5. Vigorously publicize policies that encourage the development of facility agriculture through on-site demonstrations, technical training and other means, and publicize the advanced experience and economic benefits of facility agriculture based on specific facts.

6. Strengthen field training in cultivation and management techniques.

Promote the development of facility agriculture through exchanges and cooperation with Shandong Shouguang planting base in the form of establishing a facility agriculture association.