Topics in the Chinese workbook of the first lesson of the sixth grade Chinese

The Great Wall

When astronauts landed on the moon, they could see the most spectacular man-made project on earth, the Great Wall of Wan Li.

the great wall is a symbol of the Chinese nation. It starts from Shanhaiguan in the east and reaches Jiayuguan in the west, with a total length of more than 12,7 miles. It is the most magnificent defense project in ancient China and is known as one of the wonders of the ancient world. Now it has become a must for Chinese and foreign tourists. "You are not a hero until you reach the Great Wall", which means you have not reached China.

Source: The Best Tourism in China and the Best of the Motherland

Overview of the Great Wall in Wan Li

The Great Wall is a great military building in China. It is known as a miracle in the history of ancient human architecture because of its huge scale and arduous project.

The Great Wall was built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in the 5th century BC. In the 3rd century BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, and after sending 3, troops led by Meng Tian to drive the Xiongnu to the north, the original Great Wall was connected and continued to be built. Since then, it has been continuously maintained and expanded, and it has been built for more than 2, years before and after the mid-17th century.

Badaling

is located in Yanqing County, which is a relatively well-preserved section of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. Its Guancheng was built in 155 (the 18th year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty), and it is trapezoidal in shape, with two gates in the east and two gates in the west. In the east, it is located in Yongwai Town, and in the west, it is a lock key in the north gate, all of which are masonry structures. The voucher cave is a platform, and two gaps are opened on the north and south sides, connecting the Guancheng wall one after another. The wall of this section is built according to the mountain. The height of the wall is large and firm, the lower part is a stone abutment, and the upper part is built with large city bricks, filled with soil and stones. The top floor is paved with square bricks, and the sealing is dense. The inner side is the Yu wall, and the outer side is the crib wall. There is a crib opening above the crib wall and a shooting hole below it. Where the mountain is steep, a stairway is built, and a fortress-style city platform, an enemy platform or a wall platform is built at the ridge highland, the corner of the city wall or a dangerous place. The wall varies in height and width, with an average height of more than seven meters, and some areas are as high as fourteen meters. The average width of the wall base is six and a half meters, and the top width is more than five meters, which can accommodate five horses running side by side or ten people going hand in hand.

Juyongguan

located in Changping County, is a major benefit of the Great Wall. Next to the masonry, the bureau hill stands tall, and the green hills overlap, and there is a stream that is two kilometers long, commonly known as Guangou. The terrain here is dangerous, and it is known as "and while one man guards it, ten thousand cannot force it", which is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. Juyongguan's name means "migrating to a mediocre place". According to legend, when Qin Shihuang built the Great Wall, he moved the civilian workers who were forced to live here. In the Han Dynasty, it was called Xiguan in the Three Kingdoms period, and changed to Naikuanguan in the Northern Qi Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, there were names such as Juyongguan, Jimenguan and Junduguan. Since then, all generations still call Juyongguankou a lush green cage of flowers and trees among the mountains, just like blue waves and green waves, so it is called "Juyongdiecui" and one of the "Eight Scenes of Yanjing".

Jinshanling

Located in Yinghualougou, Bakes, Luanping County, Rehe, it is named because it was built on the big and small Jinshan between Wuling Peak, the first peak of Yanshan Mountain, and Wohuling Mountain in Gubeikou. This section of the Great Wall was built in 157 (the fourth year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty). According to legend, it was built by Qi Jiguang and Tan Lun, the famous anti-Japanese soldiers. It is about 3 kilometers long, winding and winding according to the mountain, looming high and low, and magnificent. Because the terrain here is low and easy to attack and defend, the city walls are very thick and solid, the beacon towers are towering and tall, and the fortresses in Chengguan are dotted with dense towers, with as many as 158 * *. These terraces have different forms, such as square, flat and round piers, awnings, vaults, corners and octagons on the roof, observation platforms with few holes, and rare warehouse buildings along the Great Wall.

Huangyaguan

The Great Wall was built in 556 A.D. in the mountains 3 kilometers north of Jixian County. When Qi Jiguang, a famous Ming Dynasty soldier, was the general commander of Jizhen Town, it was redesigned and overhauled with bricks. The characteristics of this section of the Great Wall building are that the abutment wall has bricks and stones, the enemy building is square and round, and the masonry bricks are hollow and solid. The fortress of Guancheng and the Shuiguan of Enemy Taiwan have everything, connecting the mountains and crossing the river, and the layout is ingenious, which combines great risks and wonders.

Shanhaiguan

is located in the northeast of Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, which is the only pass for traffic between North China and Northeast China in China. In 1381 (the 14th year of Ming Hongwu), General Xu Da built the Great Wall here, and built Guancheng to defend it. Guancheng is named after the Yanshan Mountains, which are surrounded by mountains and peaks, and the Bohai Bay, which is choppy in the south. Guancheng has a square plane with a circumference of four kilometers, a height of fourteen meters and a thickness of seven meters. There are four city gates, the east gate is the most spectacular, the famous town is east, with the plaque of "the first pass in the world" hanging inside, the name of the west gate is Ying En, the name of the south gate is pretentious, and the name of the north gate is Weiyuan. There are towers on each door, a bell and drum tower in the center of the city, and a moat outside the city.

Jiayuguan

is located in the southwest corner of Jiayuguan Town on the Gobi Desert in Gansu Province. It is located on Jiayuyuan, a canyon between Manjusri Mountain in Qilian Mountains and Heishan Mountain in Heli Mountains, and is the end of the western end of the Great Wall of Wan Li. It was built in 1372 (the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty), but as early as the Han and Sui Dynasties, piers and abutments had been built. Because of the dangerous terrain and magnificent buildings, it has been called the "Xiongguan in the world" since ancient times, which is the first pass to guard the Hexi Corridor and the only place where the ancient Silk Road must pass.

When the Five Mountains come back, they don't look at the mountains, and when Huangshan comes back, they don't look at the mountains. Huangshan Mountain is known as the first wonder mountain in the world. It has the majestic Taishan Mountain, the steep Huashan Mountain, the misty clouds of Hengshan Mountain, the waterfalls of Lushan Mountain, the grotesque rocks of Yandang Mountain and the comeliness of Emei Mountain. It is a famous mountain with the most characteristics in China.

strange pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds and hot springs are called the four wonders of Huangshan Mountain. The needles of Pinus taiwanensis are short and thick, with a flat top and a strange shape. The strange peaks and rocks in Huangshan Mountain are masterpieces left by nature sculptors. Some of them are like people, others like things, birds and animals, and they are lifelike. The sea of clouds in Huangshan, Huangshan has cloudy weather for more than 2 days in a year, and the clouds come and go, which is unpredictable. Sometimes it is a calm Wang Yang, with rough waves and empty white waves. Huangshan hot spring also has its own characteristics. The water temperature of the hot spring is 42 degrees Celsius, which is not dry after a long drought. The flow rate is stable, the water quality is transparent, colorless and odorless, and its taste is sweet, and it can be drunk and bathed.

The beauty of Huangshan Mountain can't be expressed by words, and it can only be felt when you meet him.

Source: Huangshan Tourism Scenery Network

Located in Huangshan Mountain, about 6 kilometers north of Huangshan City, it covers an area of about 1,2 square kilometers, and the mountains extend for 15 kilometers, with overlapping peaks and peaks connected. There are 72 peaks (36 big peaks and 36 small peaks) that are famous. There are towering stone peaks in Huangshan Mountain, which is famous for its strangeness, danger, depth and seclusion. There are many rocks with different shapes. Huangshan is especially famous for its sea of clouds, strange rocks, strange peaks and hot springs.

Beihai is located on the Beibu Gulf at the southern tip of Guangxi, with a total area of 3,337 square kilometers, including 957 square kilometers in the urban area and a total population of 1.39 million, including 5, in the urban area. Beihai is 28 kilometers away from Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, backed by the southwest, facing Southeast Asia and facing Hainan Province and Vietnam across the sea.

Beihai Yintan Park is located in the middle of Beihai Yintan, with a land construction area of 88, square meters, a beach area of 8, square meters and a bathing beach area of 16, square meters, which can accommodate 1, people to swim in the water at the same time.

In the attractive swimming season of seven or eight months in the Silver Beach, I bathed in bright sunshine under the blue sky and white clouds, played on the white beach, swam in the gentle waves and meditated in the slightly fishy sea breeze; Soar in the blue sky by sea parachute, ride the wind and waves by thrilling motorboat ... There are also relaxing beach sports, enjoyable bird performances, pleasing exotic songs and dances ... As far as the eye can see, the sea and the sky are connected, and the fishing sails are dotted. Here, you can enjoy the romance and beauty of the south China seaside.

There are many fairy mountains in Shu, but Emei is hard to beat. This is a poem by the great poet Li Bai praising Mount Emei, which is still popular today. A hundred miles of beautiful Emei, how can a short poem tell the story? If you want to know the true face of Emei, please go to Emei and see for yourself.

Emei Mountain is in various forms, with low mountains in the east and a golden screen. The peaks in the middle are towering, such as bamboo shoots and lotus flowers; The mountains in the west are majestic and magnificent. So everyone says that Emei is a mountain with five beauties: beauty of form, beauty of movement, beauty of color, beauty of hearing and beauty of artistic conception. Beautiful things and beautiful nature bring beautiful infection, edification and feeling.

Emei Mountain is also a Buddhist shrine in China. There are mainly ancient temples such as Baoguo Temple, Fuhu Temple, Xianfeng Temple and Hongchun Temple. Baoguo Temple is magnificent and imposing. It has been more than 1 years since the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra in Wannian Temple rode the Six Tooth White Elephant. Fuhu Temple Zhou Nanmu towering, shaded from the sun ...

Among many famous mountains, only the monkeys in Emei Mountain are unique. They will ask tourists for food, and begging is pitiful and lovely. But you should be careful. When you pass by Yuxian Temple and Jiulao Cavern, you should pay attention to your bag. The lovely monkeys may force you to ask for food, making you angry and helpless.

The Three Gorges is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge.

The Three Gorges starts from Baidicheng in fengjie county, Sichuan Province in the west and reaches Nanjinguan in Yichang, Hubei Province in the east, spanning five counties and cities, namely Fengjie, Wushan, Badong, Zigui and Yichang, with a total length of about 2 kilometers.

The Yangtze River, the longest river in China, originates in the southwest of the Geladan Winter Snow Mountain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The source is called Tuotuo River, and flows eastward to Yibin, Sichuan, called Jinsha River, passing through Sichuan, Chongqing and Yichang, Hubei. After accepting Huangpu River in Shanghai, it goes straight to the vast sea. It is 63 kilometers long, making it the third longest river in the world.

The phrase "Guilin's landscape is the best in the world" is almost universally known in China. Almost everyone who has been to Guilin thinks that this sentence is not exaggerated. After visiting Guilin, former US President Nixon said, "I have traveled to more than 1 famous cities in more than 8 countries, none of which is as beautiful as Guilin, and none of which is as beautiful as Yangshuo." Guilin is located on both sides of Lijiang River in eastern Guangxi. As early as the Northern and Southern Dynasties, there appeared words praising Guilin's landscape. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many poems praising Guilin. It can be seen that Guilin was a tourist attraction more than 1 years ago. The beauty of Guilin's landscape lies in mountains, caves and water, which is called "Guilin's three wonders".

Forest peaks rise from the ground, standing tall and in various forms. There is an elephant trunk mountain near the Lijiang River. The whole mountain is like an elephant standing by the Lijiang River, stretching its nose and drinking water. There is a unique peak in the center of the city. In the middle of the flat land, one peak protrudes and has a magnificent momentum. Although it is only 6 meters high, it is steep. The lonely peak is like a tower, which looks very beautiful from a distance. When you come to it, you will feel that it is very majestic, so it is also known as the "Southern Sky Column". At the western foot of the mountain, there is a rocky road winding up the mountain, with a grade of ***36. Looking from the top of the mountain, you can see all the scenery. Some people say that if this unique peak is placed in other cities, it will become a great scenic spot, but in Guilin, because there are too many strange peaks, it will not look so eye-catching. In the north of the urban area, Diecai Mountain, which stands by the Lijiang River, is a scenic spot in the city. The main peak, Mingyue Peak, is 223 meters above sea level. Although it is not high, it is quite steep in Guilin. A big pavilion was built on its peak, named "Nayun Pavilion". Here, you can enjoy the Lijiang River that floats around the mountains. Diecai Mountain got its name because this rock is layered, like brocade piled up. There are lush trees on the mountain, and under the shade of green trees, there are buildings such as stacked color pavilions, stacked color doors, Yangzhitang, Yingfeng Building and Wangjiang Pavilion. The strange and beautiful mountains in Guilin include Fubo Mountain, Crescent Mountain, Nanxi Mountain, Hidden Mountain and Xishan Mountain. Guilin's strange caves are the same as its special-shaped mountains. In Guilin, there are countless caves, large and small. Almost every mountain has caves, and the two most famous ones are called Qixingyan and reed flute cave.

However, the most exciting program to visit Guilin is the Lijiang River. Because this clear water, which quietly flows from the edge of Guilin City, passes through the steep mountains, and people are sitting on a slow-moving boat, and the scenery on both sides of the strait is displayed like pictures. Only in the process of swimming the Lijiang River can we enjoy the strange and beautiful mountains in Guilin and truly appreciate the beauty of Guilin's landscape. Generally, you can swim the Lijiang River from Guilin to Yangshuo by yacht, with a water distance of 83 kilometers. Soon after the ship sailed, it crossed the Elephant Trunk Mountain and saw it in the morning, which made the image more beautiful. Far through the mountain, the caves that penetrate the north and south of the mountain are like a bright moon hanging high in the sky. During the 83-kilometer-long tour, in addition to mountains and rivers, fields and farmers appeared from time to time on both sides of the strait. At this time, clusters of bamboos dotted with them were very charming. The Mamo Cliff Stone Carvings in Guilin are very famous, and there are more than 2, stone carvings that have survived to this day. The Longyin Rock and Longyin Cave are the places where the stone carvings are most concentrated. Longyinyan has long been a famous forest of steles in Guihai.

Population of Hainan Island

: According to the statistics in 1998, it was * * * 7.33 million (2 million in Taiwan Province, 7 million in Hongkong and 45, in Macau), among which the Han nationality-living in the coastal plain, with a population of about 6.12 million; Li nationality-living in mountainous areas, with a population of about 1.14 million, Miao nationality-living in deep mountains and dense forests, with a population of about 6 thousand, and Hui nationality-mainly living in Yanglan town, Sanya, with a population of about 1 thousand.

China is one of the three major hometown of overseas Chinese (Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian): there are nearly 3 million overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan living in more than 5 countries and regions in the world, and there are more than 1 million returned overseas Chinese and their relatives in the province, accounting for 14% of the total population of the province.

The coastline of Hainan Island is 1617.8km long, and 84 harbors along the coast can be developed into ports, and 18 have been developed. Hainan Island is surrounded by high-quality beaches, which can be developed into seaside tourist attractions. There are 66,5 square kilometers of continental shelf fishing grounds with offshore water depth less than 2 meters, with moderate water temperature and rich marine life, including more than 1, species of fish and more than 2 species of algae. The colorful and varied tropical coral reef fish and various corals, anemones and other marine life in the sea are the sightseeing beauty of diving tourism.

The central part of Hainan Island is mountainous, hilly and terrace, and the coastal area is accumulation plain. Due to the strong wind along the coast in the northeast, the width of sandy land is as wide as 2-3 kilometers. In some places, several sandbanks are juxtaposed to form a special sandbank-lagoon plain. Corals and mangroves growing along the coast are signs of tropical coast, which have important scientific research significance and tourism value. Due to the influence of tropical climate and tectonic conditions, Hainan has developed a good tropical landform. The coastal beaches in the southwest of Hainan Island are flat, sunny and have large evaporation capacity, which is a good place to develop salt industry. At present, large salt fields such as Yinggehai, Dongfang and Yulin have been built.

Hainan is rich in minerals, with about 9 species. There are 148 kinds of minerals in industrial reserve and 67 kinds in Hainan, 43 of which are listed in the national mineral reserves. Shilu iron ore reserves account for 71% of the country's rich iron ore reserves, with an average grade of 51.5% and a maximum of 68%, ranking first in the country. The reserves of titanium, zirconium, Shi Ying, sapphire and chemical fertilizer limestone rank first in China, and the reserves of natural gas and oil shale rank first in China.

The Xisha Islands are rich in bird droppings, especially in Dongdao Bovis Nature Reserve. There are thousands of white-bellied boobies on the trees, thick bird droppings and bird droppings fossils under the trees, and bird droppings are very high in organic fertilizer, which is the raw material of natural phosphate fertilizer.

The coastal plain mainly grows grain crops and sugar cane, and tropical fruits are fragrant all the year round. Hainan is known as "natural greenhouse and tropical orchard". The cultivation area of tropical crops and tropical fruits in the province is large and there are many kinds. In 1996, the planting area of tropical fruits was 89,9 hectares, the harvest area was 36,6 hectares and the output was 361,6 tons. Areca catechu, Alpinia oxyphylla, Amomum villosum and Morinda officinalis are the four major southern medicines, accounting for 99.9% of the national output. The total area of tropical crops is 429, hectares, of which the planting areas of pepper, coffee and cashew nuts accounted for 77%, 63% and 9% respectively in the country in 1997. Hainan is rich in rubber, sugar cane, coconut, coffee and pepper.