Can natural disasters be predicted in advance and property losses can be avoided?

The development from single disaster monitoring and early warning to multi-disaster joint monitoring and early warning is not only a realistic demand, but also a current international development trend. At this year's National People's Congress, Xu Qiang, member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and vice president of Chengdu University of Technology, said in an interview that the conditions for unified early warning of multi-disasters in China are ripe, and suggested that the emergency management department should take the lead in urging local governments at all levels to cooperate and promote the establishment of a joint monitoring and early warning system for multi-disasters

Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of multiple disasters

Xu Qiang pointed out that in recent years, with the global warming, the frequency of extreme weather events has increased, and meteorological and related disasters such as heavy rainfall, low temperature, drought, floods, mudslides, landslides and mountain fires have increased, and the pressure on prevention and control of natural disasters has increased. At the same time, with the continuous advancement of urbanization and the increasing concentration of population, the disaster chain effect caused by natural disasters often magnifies disaster risks and losses.

"Strong earthquakes in alpine valleys will not only cause landslides and form barrier lakes, but also damage dams, chemical installations and even military facilities of water conservancy and hydropower projects, further triggering floods, leakage of harmful substances and water pollution in the whole basin, which will not only directly cause huge economic losses and extensive social impacts, but also seriously hinder the development of emergency rescue work and further amplify disaster losses." Xu Qiang said.

Joint early warning has technical conditions.

Xu Qiang believes that the rapid development of high-resolution satellite remote sensing, aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicles, various ground and underground sensing devices, and advanced technologies such as Internet of Things, wireless communication, big data, cloud computing and artificial intelligence have provided important scientific and technological support for the early identification and early detection of natural disaster risk sources, as well as disaster monitoring and early warning, emergency rescue and disposal, making it possible to take the initiative to prevent disasters in advance.

"China has done a lot of work in related fields and achieved remarkable results, especially in meteorological early warning, earthquake early warning and geological disaster early warning. And established a related monitoring and early warning system, and gradually put it into operation, which played an important role in the prevention and mitigation of individual disasters in related fields. " Xu Qiang said.

Xu Qiang pointed out that natural disasters such as earthquakes, geological disasters, mountain torrents, meteorological disasters and forest fires in China are highly overlapping in spatial distribution. Relevant departments and units have deployed many monitoring and early warning instruments and equipment in relevant areas, but these instruments and equipment are managed by different departments and scattered in different units, which has caused a waste of equipment and human resources to some extent.

"In fact, many natural disaster monitoring and early warning systems can not only be used for front-end sensors (such as rainfall, meteorology, liquid level, etc.). ), also used in transmission and communication systems and early warning systems. The adoption of various systems has also artificially increased the burden and pressure of grassroots managers and beneficiaries. We don't know which system to look at. " Xu Qiang said.

Building a system requires multi-party cooperation.

Xu Qiang believes that conventional early warning of geological disasters, such as earthquakes, mudslides, landslides, and meteorological disasters, such as heavy rainfall, can basically form a whole, that is, the technology is mature, but the relevant institutional mechanisms need to be further rationalized.

To this end, he suggested that the emergency management department take the lead in unified planning and layout, gather and integrate relevant forces, form innovative synergy, and carry out scientific research and technology popularization and application of comprehensive prevention and control of multi-disaster species. At the same time, the joint monitoring and early warning of multiple disasters will be included in China's "14 th Five-Year Plan" for disaster prevention and relief, relevant special projects will be set up, superior forces will be organized, and relevant scientific research results will be popularized and applied.

Xu Qiang believes that in the future, efforts should be made to build a multi-source stereoscopic observation system integrating the sky, the air and the earth, and gradually realize the informationization and scientificization of the whole process from automatic identification and early detection of the risk sources of multi-disaster natural disasters, to long-term continuous monitoring and mastering of development trends, real-time automatic early warning and information transmission before disasters, and then to post-disaster emergency response and disposal, and at the same time strengthen the research and development of relevant instruments, equipment and software systems.

In addition, Xu Qiang also proposed that in the process of establishing a multi-hazard joint monitoring and early warning system, it is necessary to effectively mobilize the masses, organically combine group defense with technical defense, and build a people's defense line for disaster prevention and mitigation.

"Using the existing disaster monitoring and early warning technology can effectively reduce the work intensity of grassroots disaster information officers. They don't have to risk their lives to stay there when it rains, because they can clearly monitor the ground situation through equipment. At the same time, in daily inspections, if there are hidden dangers, photos can be uploaded to the real-time early warning mobile App for geological disasters, which effectively makes up for the defects of technical equipment such as satellite remote sensing. " Xu Qiang said.

Xu Qiang suggested that the state should vigorously carry out popular science education, improve the whole society's cognitive level of natural disasters, and focus on solving such problems as "how to take the initiative to prevent natural disasters" and "what to do after receiving early warning", so that the public can further understand the common sense of disaster early warning and the operation methods of key equipment, and strengthen targeted popular science education and emergency drills for personnel in high-risk areas of natural disasters.