Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Yi Zhongtian talked about this! Which part is called "Beating Maicheng"?

Yi Zhongtian:

As we know, the loss of Jingzhou and the death of Guan Yu are all due to Guan Yu's attack on Xiangfan. If Guan Yu had not attacked Xiangfan, Lv Meng and Sun Quan would have had the idea of retaking Jingzhou and destroying Guan Yu, so he had no chance to implement it. Therefore, the first question we should review is: Why did we launch the Xiangfan War? We must solve this problem first.

And this problem involves three small problems. The first question is, who decided to play Xiangfan?

Historians also have different views on this issue. Many historians, including Mr. Zhang Zuoyao, whom I have mentioned many times, believe that Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang decided or inspired it. According to Mr. Zhang, Guan Yu was ordered by Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang to launch the Xiangfan War. After the war broke out, Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang did not cooperate with each other, nor did they give Guan Yu reinforcements, nor did they send Guan Yu a capable assistant, which led to the complete failure of the war. Therefore, both Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang can't escape the blame, which is a view. The second view is represented by Mr. He Ziquan. Mr. He said that Guan Yu attacked Xiangfan without consulting Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang in advance, indicating that Guan Yu took the initiative.

Personally, I tend to agree with Mr. He, because we can't find any record in the history of the Three Kingdoms that Liu Bei or Zhuge Liang instructed, authorized or ordered Guan Yu to attack Xiangfan. Such a big thing, if Liu Bei gave an order or Zhuge Liang suggested it to Liu Bei, should be recorded. Therefore, I tend to think that the launching of the Xiangfan War was Guan Yu's own initiative. However, Liu Bei let it go and did not object. Because if Liu Bei objects, it should be recorded; Or if Liu Bei didn't agree at all and strongly opposed it, Guan Yu couldn't fight this war at all. Therefore, it is estimated that Liu Bei's attitude is laissez-faire, acquiescence or even approval, which can only be speculated. Therefore, Liu Bei is also responsible for this.

So does Zhuge Liang have any responsibility? No, Zhuge Liang is not responsible. Why? Because Zhuge Liang was not the decision-maker of Liu Bei Group's military action at this time. Although Zhuge Liang has now served as the chief strategist, this chief strategist is different from what we later understood, or not exactly the same. The strategist we understand in later generations is to shake the goose feather fan and make suggestions next to it. When was Zhuge Liang's chief strategist appointed? But after Liu Bei got Chengdu, he was appointed as the chief strategist, which actually promoted him to a higher level. Because after Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhuge Liang's position was a military commander, and now he has been promoted to a military general, whose task is to take charge of General Zuo's office. Because Liu Bei's official position at this time is left general, he wants to open a government. He has a left general's government, and the affairs in this government are handled by Prime Minister Zhuge Liang. Moreover, Liu Bei has been guarding Chengdu when he went out, with sufficient food and grass and sufficient soldiers. Liu Bei went to Hanzhong, and Zhuge Liang took care of the house for Liu Bei, guarding Chengdu, supplying food and grass, and supplying reinforcements. This is his job and his position. So he has no responsibility.

Some historians believe that Zhuge Liang can't escape the blame. Why? Because Guan Yu attacked Xiangfan according to Zhuge Liang's strategic plan, Zhuge Liang also had indirect responsibility. I don't think I agree with this view. Why? First, Zhuge Liang's long-term strategy is a strategic plan, not an implementation plan, but an overall plan. Anyone who knows how to plan knows that there are general rules, detailed rules and implementation plans. Besides, Zhuge Liang did not directly give Guan Yu an order to attack Xiangfan, and Zhuge Liang did not directly give orders. What is his responsibility? This is the first point. Second, what did Zhuge Liang say to his strategy in Longzhong? Zhuge Liang said, "The world has changed. A general was ordered to lead Jingzhou people to Wan and Luo, and the general led Yizhou people out of Qinchuan." This general here refers to Liu Bei, which is very clear. It includes two contents: First, the world has changed. So, did the world change when Guan Yu hit Xiangfan? There is no second, Zhuge Liang's strategic plan is also very clear: "A general will turn the people of Jingzhou into Wan and Luo", and this general may refer to Guan Yu in his mind, so let's guess; "General leads Yizhou people out of Qinchuan" means that the soldiers are divided into two ways and attack at the same time. So during the Xiangfan War, did the two armies send troops? No, either.

Therefore, it cannot be said that the battle of Guan Yu and Xiangfan was the implementation of Zhuge Liang's strategic plan; On the contrary, in my opinion, Guan Yu's actions undermined Zhuge Liang's strategic planning. Guan Yu didn't understand Zhuge Liang's strategic thought well, so he sent troops in a hurry. And the result? Zhuge Liang's idea of sending troops from Jingzhou and Yizhou to destroy Cao Wei once the world changes will never be realized. Therefore, it is unfair for Zhuge Liang not to blame him for the failure of the battle of Xiangfan because he has a "long-term plan". Then there is another problem here. In that case, why didn't Zhuge Liang stop Guan Yu from attacking Xiangfan? Let's put this question aside for a while and talk about it later.

The second little question, why is it called Xiangfan?

Historians also have two different opinions on this issue. Mr. Lv Simian's point of view is that this is in line with Liu Bei's actions in Hanzhong. Mr. Lu said: "The soldiers who make profits should also come out at the same time, and eventually they should be corresponding. Therefore, Liu Bei' s soldiers have not been returned, and Guan Yu' s teacher has risen. " Because Liu Bei was fighting Hanzhong, Guan Yu cooperated with the action to fight Xiangfan and contain Cao Cao. I have some doubts about this statement. So I tend to agree with another view, that is, push your luck. Liu Bei won the victory in Hanzhong, called the king of Hanzhong, and Guan Yu became a former general. At this time, Liu Bei Group felt great, so it did it again. You didn't fight much in Hanzhong, so Cao Cao left, didn't you? Cao Cao is not so terrible, nor so scared. Therefore, Guan Yu's push, on the bright side, on the bright side, is called adding fuel to the flames and making persistent efforts; This is not nice to say, it is called greed.

So, is it to push ahead with victory and make persistent efforts, or is it insatiable and overreaching? We have to answer the following little question, that is, should we call Xiangfan? On this issue, there are two opposite opinions in academic circles.

The first opinion is that you must fight, and fighting also includes two contents: the first content is called must fight, how do you mean you must fight? Sooner or later, Liu Bei Group will fight Xiangfan, because Xiangfan is the seat of Jingzhou, and only by winning Xiangfan can it fully own Jingzhou; So now several important places in Jingzhou, Jiangling is already Liu Bei's, Xiangfan is still Cao Cao's, so we must win it. This is called a battleground. The second is that you can fight. Why can you fight? First, the uprising against Cao Cao broke out in Nanyang the year before last, indicating that Cao Cao's rule in northern Jingzhou was unstable. This is the first point; Second, Liu Bei has just won a major victory in Hanzhong, and his morale is booming. This is the second point. Third, Sun Quan is attacking Hefei in the east at this time, which can echo Sun Quan's military action. This is called being able to fight. It is a school of opinion that fighting equals fighting.

The other faction is still represented by Mr. He Ziquan. Mr. He said that the Xiangfan War launched by Guan Yu was an untimely military adventure. Why do you say that? The reasons are as follows: First, Liu Bei has just won Hanzhong. What he has to do now is to stabilize the situation, recuperate and consolidate the results. At this time, it is not appropriate to have any military action. Let's stand firm. This is the first point. Secondly, Guan Yu's actions do not conform to the strategic planning and design of Zhuge Liang's countermeasures. It's not that the world has changed, nor are there two ways to send troops. Third, Guan Yu's power seems powerful, but it is actually limited. In fact, it is not as powerful as people think. After the seventh army was flooded, Guan Yu surrendered the ban and beheaded Pound. That's all, and there was no progress. Without Sun Quan's stab in the back, Mr. He estimated that Guan Yu could save his head when he returned to Jiangling, but he could not take Xiangfan. Therefore, Mr. He believes that this war should not be fought.

Now we can draw the following conclusions about the first big question: First, the battle of Xiangfan was initiated by Guan Yu, and Liu Bei did not inspire or authorize it, but at the same time he did not object. Second, Guan Yu launched the Xiangfan War because he was carried away by victory and misjudged the situation. Third, Guan Yu started the war at the wrong time without adequate preparation. In the final analysis, it is because of him. He is willful, conceited and ambitious.

* The battle of Xiangfan is Guan Yu's eternal regret. Mr. Yi Zhongtian believes that Guan Yu himself has an unshirkable responsibility to launch the Xiangfan Campaign. The war he initiated was a miscalculation of the situation. Coupled with Guan Yu's headstrong personality, the war failed and Jingzhou fell. But at the same time, a problem surfaced. Jingzhou is a battleground for Cao, Sun and Liu. Why is Liu Bei so careless in such an important place that he only sent Guan Yu to guard it? What is Liu Bei's intention?

At that time, Liu Bei asked Guan Yu to be the secretariat of Jingzhou. Did he use the wrong person? This question is also difficult to answer. Why do you say that? Let's talk about the right first. At that time, Liu Bei took Pang Tong's advice and sent troops to seize Yizhou, leaving a man to keep Jingzhou. At that time, many people were left behind, including Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun. Later, Liu Bei hit Yizhou, and his troops were not enough. He transferred Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to the front, and Guan Yu stayed behind. So the person left behind is right? To be sure, the situation at that time was correct. Why is it right? Because Guan Yu, as a candidate to stay in Jingzhou, has three advantages: the first is loyalty, which does not need to be demonstrated. Everyone admits that Guan Yu is absolutely loyal to Liu Bei; The second is the ability. Guan Yu has always had the ability to stand alone. When we read the History of the Three Kingdoms, we can find that if Liu Bei does not divide his troops, once he wants to divide his troops, he will take an army. Guan Yu has always been a loner; Third, experts. To defend Jingzhou, we must take the water army. Liu Bei Group is a military group from the north, and it has been difficult to choose the generals of the water army. But Guan Yu has this ability. Although he is a northerner, he can train and lead the water army as soon as he arrives in the south, which shows that Guan Yu is really capable. At that time, Liu Bei was defeated by Sun, and it was Guan Yu who led the water army to meet the enemy. Later, Battle of Red Cliffs arrived, and Liu Bei's troops were also Guan Yu's 10,000 water army and Liu Qi's 10,000 army. It is no longer appropriate for such people to come to Jingzhou, Governor.

However, Guan Yu has Guan Yu's problems. What's the problem? In character, he is arrogant and loves to wear a top hat. In the 19th year of Jian 'an, when Liu Bei was in Chengdu, Ma Chao came to Liu Bei. Guan Yu wrote a letter to Zhuge Liang because he was not familiar with Ma Chao, asking what kind of person Ma Chao was. Zhuge Liang understood after reading the letter that Guan Yu can only win and not lose if he wants to compete with Ma Chao PK. Zhuge Liang immediately wrote back that Ma Chao was very remarkable, a rare talent, and could be said to be the leader of this era. However, compared with bearded men, bearded men are unparalleled. Guan Yu was very happy after reading the letter, and then showed it to everyone. You see, Ma Chao is a big shot in my life, Guan Mou. ...

Some people have opinions on this matter, saying that Zhuge Liang is so slick. In fact, Zhuge Liang was wronged, which is not a diaosi, but the talent of the prime minister. Zhuge Liang is not a prime minister yet, but he has shown his talent as a prime minister. What is the talent of the prime minister? Coordinate Yin and Yang, that is to say, we must set him up well and balance the relationship between the monarch and the minister, the relationship between colleagues, the relationship between superiors and subordinates, and all the relationships around the next door within the group or the court, so that everyone can unite to do things. This is what the Prime Minister must do. Therefore, the prime minister can hold a foot in his stomach. He must tolerate people from all walks of life, unite with him and coordinate relations. Zhuge Liang has this gift, the gift of prime minister.

But at the same time, there is also a side effect, that is, spoiling Guan Yu. But this is not Zhuge Liang's responsibility alone. From Liu Bei to Zhuge Liang to others in Liu Bei's group, Guan Yu was allowed and used to Guan Yu. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei was called the King of Hanzhong, and then four generals were appointed: former general Guan Yu, right general Zhang Fei, left general Ma Chao, and later general Huang Zhong, without Zhao Yun. -So, there has never been an army of five tigers in the official history, only four tigers, and Zhao Yun has always been a general with a miscellaneous number. Zhaoyun is very wronged, really wronged. -after this decision was made, Zhuge Liang immediately realized that Guan Yu would not do it, and Guan Yu would definitely not do it. Liu Bei said, I know this matter, and I have my own way. What does Liu Canbei do? Liu Bei sent a man named Fei Shi to deliver the power of attorney. As soon as this poem arrived, Guan Yu really jumped up: What? My current general, Huang Zhong as a later general? How can my husband stand with a veteran? Fei said yes, yes, Fei said: Fei's understanding is this, the king does not stick to one pattern in employing people, and the reason why Hanwang rewarded and promoted Huang Hansheng (Huang Zhong) in this way is nothing more than that Huang Hansheng has just made great contributions. In Hanwang's mind, how can Huang Can compare with you? Hou Jun, who are you? You and Hanwang are Liu Bei, nominally two people, but actually one person. The honor or disgrace of Hanwang is your honor or disgrace, and the success or failure of Hanwang is your success or failure. Do you still want to talk about the price with Hanwang? Anyway, I am a flying stone, that is, a messenger. I sent you this letter, but you didn't accept it. Fisher just got back. I just hope you won't regret it. Guan Yu thought, well, come back, I accept, accept.

So this Fei is the one who dares to speak in Liu Bei's group. Guan Yu was treated in Liu Bei's group. He dared to touch the tiger's ass and turn his back. But please note that it is also touching along the hair, which makes Guan Yu feel very comfortable. So Guan Yu is a spoiled child in Liu Bei Group. What are the characteristics of spoiled children? Two characteristics, the first is willfulness, and the second is innocence. I am willful because I am spoiled and naive because I am a child. Because of his willfulness, he launched the Xiangfan War. He was so naive that he was fooled by Sun Quan, Lu Meng and Lu Xun, and they also fooled him. Because of his willfulness and naivety, he can't handle many relationships, such as the relationship between friends and enemies, which is impossible to handle well.

According to the biography of the Three Kingdoms Guan Yu, Sun Quan had proposed to Guan Yu before, and wanted Guan Yu's daughter to marry his son. Where is Guan Yu? "Insult its ambassador and don't get married." There are only a few simple words in the History of the Three Kingdoms, saying that I am a tiger girl and how to marry my son is all romance, but the words with the word "shame" in the History of the Three Kingdoms do exist. Then this is wrong. Everyone knows that this kind of marriage is a political marriage, and it is a marriage for the benefit of political groups. Sun Quan can marry his sister to Liu Bei. Why can't Guan Yu marry his daughter to Sun Quan's son? After Sun Quan married his sister, he took her back. You can get your daughter back if you turn your back on her. Even if you don't agree, you can disagree, you can look down on Sun Quan, you can hate Sun Quan, and you can disagree with this marriage. If you don't swear, you can curse. So do men. In my last episode, I told you that as soon as Lu Meng's army arrived in Nanjun, two men guarding the public security and Jiangling surrendered. Why did they surrender? It is Guan Yu who always scolds them. And when Guan Yu went to Xiangfan, he asked the two men to provide food and grass. These two people may not be very good at things. Besides, Guan Yu has always looked down on them, and once Guan Yu's character looks down on others, that kind of contempt will definitely be clearly written on his face. He won't hide it, everyone can feel it. As a result, the two men were short of supplies, and Guan Yu swore that I would come back to pick you up after I took Xiangfan and see how I could pick you up. When they thought about it, it was not certain whether Guan would take Xiangfan. If you take it, it will clean us up, too. Then I'd better surrender.

So you see, what kind of person is Guan Yu? First, there must be virtue, virtue and noble morality; The second talent is indeed extraordinary ability; Third, he is qualified. Judging from these three points, he is the right person to keep Jingzhou. But he has a problem. He has no political mind and strategic vision. So in my opinion, Guan Yu is a soldier, not a guard. Admirable, he is a lone ranger in the Jianghu and very cute. To tell the truth, as a person, when I read Guan Yu Chuan of the Three Kingdoms, I think he liked him very much, including his showing Zhuge Liang's letters to people everywhere, which I think is very cute. When you watch my program later and like my program, send me a message and I will forward it. Very cute, don't learn, cute don't learn.

So, is Guan Yu's supervision of Jingzhou inappropriate for Liu Bei? I don't think so. Why? First of all, no one can choose at present. Who do you think Guan Yu is guarding? No one can stay, no one can stay. Second, more importantly, Liu Bei's career has developed too fast and his organization is not well prepared. He didn't expect to win Yizhou so easily, and then went to Hanzhong to fight Cao Cao and ran away. At this point, he has no time to make any such preparations. Think about it at this time, even if he immediately sent someone to Jingzhou to replace Guan Yu, it would be too late. Besides, at this time, Liu Bei Group was intoxicated with Yizhou's victory, but it was unexpected that the victorious general Guan Yu was defeated. Therefore, it is not good for a person or a group to get angry too quickly.

* On the question of who is the commander-in-chief of Jingzhou, Mr. Yi Zhongtian thinks that there is really no candidate for Liu Bei Group, and Guan Yu is the right person for this position. Therefore, Liu Bei does not have much responsibility on this issue, and it is absolutely no problem to guard Jingzhou with Guan Yu's ability. However, Guan Yu is still careless about losing Jingzhou. Some people have put forward different views on this issue. If Liu Bei had sent more reinforcements, perhaps Guan Yu would not have been so defeated. Then why didn't Liu Bei send troops to rescue Guan Yu when he was surrounded by Cao Cao and Sun Quan? If there were reinforcements, would Guan Yu have such a painful ending? What does Mr Yi Zhongtian think of this?

Why didn't Liu Bei help Guan Yu when he was surrounded by Cao Cao and Sun Quan? My answer is six words: unexpected, too late. Lv Simian's History of Qin and Han Dynasties says that the result of this war was unexpected not only by Cao Cao, but also by Sun Quan. At least Cao Cao and Sun Quan didn't expect that the war situation would change so quickly. Cao Cao couldn't think of it, Sun Quan couldn't think of it, and Liu Bei should have thought of it, right? Liu Bei couldn't think of it either. People in doubt say that the war has been going on for seven months and there is enough time to send reinforcements. The calculation is wrong this time. Guan Yu was in a state of certainty in the first half of seven months. He surrounded Fancheng and was about to take it down. The feedback is good news. The battle ahead is won. Is there any reason to send reinforcements? It was not until Cao Cao shot Sun Quan's loyalty into Fan Cheng and Guan Yu's barracks that Guan Yu felt that he was going to fail after receiving the letter. He didn't retreat, ready to deal with Sun Quan after capturing Fan Cheng. Moreover, Liu Bei and Guan Yu never imagined that Sun Quan, an old friend, good friend and ally, who had fought side by side with Cao Cao, would collude with Cao Cao, and Lv Meng would disguise his army as a businessman, so he quietly copied his back road. By the time Guan Yu failed in Maicheng, it was completely too late, and the letter might not have been sent yet. What if it's sent? Liu Bei can't send airborne troops to Maicheng, can he? Only a helicopter can save you at this time.

There is one thing in this, and I am fair to say that what they should think of is that once you win Yizhou, the pressure on Jingzhou will become unprecedented. Because Liu Bei had a south county or four counties in the south of the Yangtze River, his strength was still very weak, and Sun Quan could not be nervous. You have won both Shu County and Hanzhong, and the whole upper reaches of the Yangtze River are Liu Bei's. Sun Quan must be nervous. People in Liu Bei Group should have expected this, but they didn't.