Special measures for safety supervision of tunnel construction?

What are the specific contents of special safety supervision measures for tunnel construction? Zhong Da Consulting will answer your questions below.

1. Before tunnel construction, make all safety preparations, establish and improve various rules and regulations for safety production in tunnel construction, organize tunnel construction personnel to learn safety knowledge, and make technical disclosure for various subdivisional works, so as to make each contractor clear the responsibility for construction safety. The on-site supervisor shall check the implementation of the contractor's safety system, notify the contractor for rectification in time if it is not in place, and require the construction unit to formulate practical construction safety measures and have emergency rescue plans; 2. Monitoring measurement and advanced geological prediction must be implemented by professional teams. In the process of tunnel construction, on-site monitoring and measurement should be carried out, and all parties should cooperate closely to create conditions for the measurement operation and avoid neglecting the measurement work because of grabbing the progress of the project; 3, buried measuring point should be solid and reliable, and set up special signs, indicating the name of the measuring point, location, number, date of burial, etc. ; It is necessary to strengthen education, improve the protection awareness of all people entering the hole, properly protect the measuring points, and do not replace or destroy them at will; In the process of construction, the daily maintenance of the instrument should be done to ensure good performance; The surveyors entering the tunnel shall meet the requirements of operation and construction in the tunnel. Supervisors track the measurement results at any time, analyze the tunnel safety production situation, find problems in time, and prevent safety accidents; 9, should be completed as soon as possible before entering the hole hole drainage system; According to hydrology, geology, topography and landforms, intercepting ditches at the top of the cave and other drainage at the mouth of the cave are set up; When setting temporary drainage measures, permanent and temporary measures should be combined to initially form a smooth drainage system; 5, the hole earthwork excavation must be graded from top to bottom, and make temporary protection in time; 6. In the process of excavation, settlement observation should be strictly regulated, monitored at any time, and the stability of slope and uphill should be checked; In case of sliding and cracking, the slope should be slowed down appropriately to ensure the stability and construction safety of the side (upper) slope; 7, eccentric pressure hole construction should do a good job of enclosure, back pressure backfill, and then excavation; The excavation method should be selected in combination with the uneven terrain, and the uneven pressure should not be aggravated by human factors. On-site supervisors should strictly control the construction procedures and put forward rectification in time when problems are found. 8. Special measures for safety supervision of tunnel body excavation construction: (1) The tunnel technical director of the construction unit and the on-site supervision personnel should pay close attention to the changes of surrounding rock and groundwater. When the construction method or supporting structure is not suitable for the actual surrounding rock state, emergency measures must be taken, and the appropriate construction method or supporting structure should be adopted in time after the approval of the supervision engineer to ensure the construction safety; (2) The on-site supervision engineer shall supervise the working procedures of the construction unit in the hole, with clear working procedures, non-interference between each working procedure and smooth channels. During tunnel excavation, the sequence of other processes such as support should be arranged reasonably. Before excavation, the weak surrounding rock must be protected, the initial support should follow the working face closely, and the paving operation should be followed up in time to ensure good road conditions; (3) Drilling: Before drilling, the technical personnel of the construction unit and the on-site supervision personnel should first check whether the working face is in a safe state, whether the vault and arch waist are firm, whether there are loose rocks, and find out the geological characteristics. If there are loose rocks, support or clear them in time, check whether the lighting is good or not, and check the reinforced operating platform to ensure that the drilling operating platform is not deformed or collapsed; (9) When drilling with a rock drill, a wet rock drill or a rock drill with a dust collector must be used. When drilling with a pneumatic drill with a bracket, the bracket should be firmly placed; (5) Carefully check the safety limits of the sections and temporary stands where the large drilling jumbo passes, and assign special personnel to command it. It is not allowed to tilt after it is in place; (6) Blasting is strictly prohibited in areas with insufficient lighting, unsupported rocks in the working face, found quicksand and sludge not handled well, and possibly a large number of caves and high-pressure water gushing out. (7) After blasting, ventilation and exhaust must be no less than 15 minutes, and other workers must go through the following inspections and proper treatment before entering the working face: First, check for misfires and suspicious phenomena; The second is to check whether there are residual explosives or detonators; Third, check the vault and arch waist for loose stones; Fourth, check whether the bracket is damaged or deformed; (8) When blasting, a cordon should be set up, and a full-time security officer should check the clearing situation. It is forbidden to charge and drill holes at the same time, and irrelevant personnel and machinery should be evacuated to a safe place; The processing of blasting equipment should be carried out in the processing room 50 meters away from the hole; (9) When the two-way excavation of the tunnel is close to 30m, the construction at both ends should strengthen contact, conduct unified command, control shallow-hole low-explosive blasting, and mutually agree on the blasting time. When the distance between the two excavation faces is 15m, it will be changed to one-way excavation, and personnel and machinery will be evacuated at both ends, and warning signs will be set at a safe distance until completion; (12) Slag transport vehicles are not allowed to be mixed. Transport vehicles in the tunnel must drive at a speed limit, and when reversing or turning, they must turn on the light and honk the horn; "Go slow" signs should be set at the entrance, grade crossing and narrow construction sites, and personnel should be arranged to direct traffic when necessary; Mechanical vehicles entering the tunnel must use diesel engines with purification devices; When the ventilation conditions are good, you can use gasoline mechanical vehicles; (13) The site supervisor should urge the construction unit to do a good job of ventilation and dust prevention, and take dust prevention measures such as ventilation and sprinkling. Construction personnel should wear dust masks, do personal protection, and regularly detect the concentration of dust and harmful gases; (19) When the tunnel is excavated more than 200m, the tunnel construction must be ventilated by pipes. The power of the fan shall meet the specified requirements, and a large-diameter ram shall be used for pressurization or ventilation. Dust-proof work should be done in the face of rock drilling and slag loading, the distance between the outlet of ventilation pipe and the face should not be greater than 20m, and the air pipe should be protected during blasting. After long tunnel blasting, water must be sprayed, and the slag pile should be watered before slag discharge; (15) Fixed lights shall be set at 6-8m of the tunnel section, and the wires shall be laid neatly. When lighting and power lines are installed on the same side, they must be erected in layers. The distance between wires below10v and the ground shall not be less than 2m, 900v shall not be less than 2.5m, and 6 6- 10/0kV shall not be less than 3.5m.. 9. Special measures for safety supervision of tunnel initial support construction: (1) Before the initial support construction, construction technicians and site supervisors should always observe the changes of topography, geology and groundwater, prevent unexpected accidents through monitoring, measurement and analysis, and make detailed construction records. Dangerous stones in the operation section should be carefully inspected and handled, and construction machines and tools should be arranged in a safe zone; (2) Construction technicians and on-site supervisors should always check the initial support, and should require construction personnel to follow the excavation face closely when supporting the initial soft rock construction, and should carry out shotcrete before anchoring; (3) The workbench for shotcrete construction shall be solid and reliable, and safety railings shall be set. (9) When grouting into the anchor hole, a certain amount of mortar should be left in the grouting tank to prevent the tank from emptying and the mortar from spraying out and hurting people. Before dealing with pipeline blockage, the pressure in the tank should be eliminated; (5) During grouting, non-operating personnel are not allowed to enter the operation area under construction. During construction, it is forbidden to stand in front of the nozzle and grouting, and shotcrete workers should use personal dust-proof appliances. 10, special measures for safety supervision of inverted arch and foundation laying construction; (1) Tunnel inverted arch excavation in geological fracture zone and weak section must be carried out in strict accordance with the approved scheme, and the excavation should be staggered, and the scope of one excavation should not be too large to ensure construction safety. (2) When the tunnel is equipped with an inverted arch, the construction should be arranged in time, and the supporting structure should be closed as soon as possible to improve the stress condition and ensure safety; (3) During inverted arch and filling construction, the high-pressure wind, water pipes, drainage pipes, power supply lines, ventilation pipes and traffic in the cave must be unblocked, and obvious signs should be set. 1 1, special measures for safety supervision of secondary lining construction (1) The assembly of the lining trolley outside the tunnel shall be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of hoisting and component hoisting and the assembly sequence to prevent falling objects from injuring people; (2) The clearance below the lining trolley ensures the normal traffic of transport vehicles, and obvious signs of going slow are hung; (3) The lining trolley must be operated by trained personnel. During the hoisting operation in the trolley operation area, there should be a special person for supervision and unified command, and a sign prohibiting traffic should be set.

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