Square space of urban public space;

Square urban public space, including squares, parks, parking lots, etc. , with the characteristics of "quiet" and "end", is also a public space for people to stay and carry out activities for a long time. The miniaturization of squares and parks in modern cities is a witness that high-density city centers meet the needs of citizens' public activities. They should be everywhere-they are everywhere in the city center, maybe on your way to work, home, or where you have lunch.

The "vest pocket park" is a small area, which is separated from car shops and pedestrian traffic lines. It is an outdoor open space with pleasant scale, away from noise, closed and safe.

A unique feature of pocket parks is that they developed from an open space or a forgotten space. Many pocket parks are built for local neighbors by community groups, private entities or foundations. Including small activity space, children's play space, conversation space for friends gathering, lunch rest space, etc. Strengthening the construction of urban public space is a great good and practical thing for the city government to gather people's hearts, sympathize with people's feelings and do good things for the people. The public's love for the city and public awareness are often gradually enhanced because of these good deeds. When the quality of public space is not high, the distribution is unfair and the supply is insufficient, it will easily lead to social instability and the crime rate will rise. It is not difficult to find a phenomenon that parks and green spaces with beautiful scenery in many cities are often occupied by government agencies, hotels and golf courses. Some tall office buildings and magnificent vestibule squares can only deter ordinary people. Scenic spots and tourist attractions are also usually used for special purposes of centers and bases. Fortunately, many land occupied by a few units are returning to real public space, such as Beijing Tiantan Park.

If one day, Zhongnanhai becomes a people's park for the public to enjoy freely, it will definitely become a major event that will shock China and foreign countries. In the allocation of urban space resources, it is necessary to ensure that government administrative areas are not far away from the people, that government office buildings are not luxury symbols, that less or no non-low-carbon vacations are built, that space and facilities are enjoyed by a few people, and that public resources serve the people as much as possible. This is the true embodiment of the people-oriented and people-oriented purpose. Urban public space is a powerful guarantee for maintaining urban ecological environment and realizing the ideal of "living poetically" for the public. However, in the development of some cities, the blind pursuit of GDP and one-sided pursuit of political achievements during the leadership term have led to the failure to effectively punish the evil deeds of destroying natural ecology and polluting the environment. Many so-called "natural disasters" are actually related to "man-made disasters".

Therefore, the strategic principles of environmental friendliness and ecological priority must run through the construction of urban public space. It is suggested that the special contents of environmental protection and related infrastructure projects should be well done in urban planning; When planning and designing, analyze and evaluate the environmental impact of any major construction project; Oppose formalism and "image project", attach importance to ecological and practical functions, try to protect the original ecological natural environment of the construction plot (or it can be further afforested), and strictly control the filling of ditches and mountains; Attach importance to the construction of oxygen source forest and oxygen corridor leading to the city center; If conditions permit, we can learn from the experience of new york Central Park and turn the land demolished in shanty towns into a large forest park green space. Coordinating nature and optimizing ecological space are the basic conditions for a healthy and livable city. The overall development trend of urban public space is the diversification of functions and forms. Only by adapting to the diversity of different use needs can we provide users with diverse choices. All kinds of public spaces carry many functions such as transportation, communication, rest, walking, sightseeing, fitness, entertainment, catering, exhibition, education, festivals and so on. The gathering of all kinds of people, activities, events and stories produces the vitality of the place, which is the charm of public space. Local residents and foreign tourists who read and experience the city will prefer public space to enjoy life and happiness. However, in some cities, public spaces, especially squares, occupy a large area but have a single function. There were no crowds and no incidents. Apart from flying kites, few people patronize and spend a lot of money but lack energy.

Generally speaking, there are not many high-quality public venues in Gai Lou, because a lot of land has been given to developers. In this limited space, we should make people of different ages, occupations and hobbies find their own excitement through reasonable planning and design, and they can all harvest sunshine and pleasure here. For example, in some urban areas, properly developing or reserving a small-scale, multifunctional and compact pedestrian community will make people and activities relatively concentrated and maintain a large density, which will certainly accumulate popularity and be full of vitality. In addition, organizing fairs, morning markets and night markets in a planned, regular or regular manner in some streets or open spaces near residential areas will certainly be welcomed by the public. The bustling, crowded and riverside market scene is a vivid portrayal of economic prosperity and social stability. Of course, this is inseparable from the moderate humanized management and guidance of the urban management department. Street is an important part of public space, bearing the dual functions of urban traffic and social life. However, many cities, especially some megacities, are plagued by traffic congestion "urban disease" to varying degrees. In order to build a smooth city, local governments are strengthening traffic legislation and traffic environment management, but these rectification work often focuses on the smooth traffic of automobiles, especially automobiles. When allocating street space in traffic planning, car dealers are often given priority, while pedestrian space is placed at the bottom. Widening roads, building overpasses and even allowing cars to park on sidewalks often worsen the walking environment and make street life disappear. According to relevant statistics, in 25 megacities in China, walking accounts for an average of 37.2% in many commuting modes, exceeding1/3 of the total travel volume; In small cities, walking accounts for a larger proportion, so we can't ignore the construction of a comfortable, safe and convenient modern walking environment.

It is suggested that in the relevant planning, the transportation modes should be arranged in reverse order, that is, according to the order of walking, cycling, rail transit or general public transportation and private cars, so as to better adapt to the requirements of low-carbon cities and low-carbon lives. Make pedestrian or slow traffic planning, connecting walkways of various spaces, air corridors between buildings, underground passages, etc. Into a walking system; Construction of pedestrian commercial street, pedestrian cultural street, pedestrian leisure street, and set up perfect service facilities in the pedestrian area, such as seats, newsstands, newsstands, outdoor catering, etc.

Sadly, we are going the wrong way of "car worship" in western developed countries, and motels and drive-in cinemas have also emerged. We mistake their failure lessons for successful experiences, but lose the healthy and low-carbon travel tradition of our "bicycle kingdom". Now that cycling is advocated in the west, should we take it back to history? Urban culture and cultural power are an integral part of city soft power. In the construction of public space, using cultural facilities, cultural activities, architectural art and environmental art to express the theme characteristics of urban culture will play a subtle role in improving the environmental cultural taste and social education level.

Respecting culture and inheriting context are important principles of urban public space planning and design, and the public space designed and built on this basis is easy to be recognized by the public. Of course, we should also pay attention to the integration of refined and popular culture, grassroots culture and folk culture. There is a longevity square in Changshou District of Chongqing with the theme of "Longevity". There is no statue of a great man in the square, but there is an amiable statue of the old birthday star. Many old people are sitting in chairs around the old birthday girl to rest and recuperate. It is really a harmonious and peaceful social picture, full of life interest and interest, which is affectionately called the Old Birthday Square by the people.

At present, local governments have put forward the propaganda slogans of establishing the city by culture, prospering the city by culture and strengthening the city by culture. Cultural blocks, cultural squares, cultural centers (online cultural centers), cultural industry belts, cultural and creative parks, museums, exhibition halls, art galleries, grand theaters, etc. They have made great progress by taking advantage of the opportunity of expanding domestic demand. In such a good situation, it is especially necessary to prevent overheating of investment and repeated construction. People's most direct and authentic experience of urban public space is often obtained from the details, and the humanistic care of the city government for the public is often reflected in the details. If there is a newsstand or newspaper column at the corner of the street corner or square, people can appreciate the urban cultural atmosphere from browsing; All public spaces must have clean rest facilities; Street signs in various languages are widely set up; Unified installation of public information free publishing board; Road name plates provide street directions and the starting and ending numbers of road numbers; Improve the configuration of barrier-free access and intelligent facilities for the elderly and the disabled; Historical and cultural blocks and historical protection buildings are equipped with nameplates and so on. These exquisite details help to convey love and lead the world back to the moral high ground.

In the construction of urban public space, we should actively advocate and practice the concept of humanized design and strive to create humanized places: pleasant scale, perfect facilities, convenient access and free and equal enjoyment; Generally speaking, we don't need a "grand narrative", but we should consider the ordinary things of ordinary people everywhere. We can enjoy the cool in summer and enjoy the sunshine in winter. We can sit on chairs and benches, enjoy the scenery and entertainment venues, and everything is comfortable and cozy for users. The more such public spaces are built, the better. Anlelin Park, outside the south gate of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, was originally a green space of a Zen temple, but now it has become a leisure paradise for ordinary people in nearby residential areas. There is no geometric composition here, only human details, dense shade, fresh air, and the garden is full of tranquility and comfort. In reality, small and private, small and beautiful humanistic places are more popular with the public than large and indifferent open spaces. In the construction of urban public space in China, chasing the wind and waves is common. Century Square fever, Xintiandi fever, miniature garden fever, big lawn fever, big trees entering the city fever, etc. Once all the rage, rough and inferior imitations such as the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg and the Capitol in Washington can be found in towns all over the world.

This behavior of blindly cloning foreign achievements without studying and creating urban architectural culture with local characteristics has no future, and the copied things will be demolished sooner or later because of the lack of cultural value. Some people say that the imitation ability of China people has developed from industrial products to cities and urban areas, which is based on certain facts. In the scientific development process of advocating the construction of an innovative country in China, and in the struggle of transforming "Made in China" into "Created in China" in all walks of life, our urban public space planning and design must also get rid of the shackles, take the road of innovation, and support the original modern space and architecture to the whole country and the world with practical actions.

In the field of urban planning, some planners are often used to applying ready-made rules and standards, and even copying the specific contents of norms and regulations into the text. They seldom think about how to highlight local characteristics and cultural innovation, so it is easy to form a spatial form of "one side of a thousand cities" and weak personality. At present, how to innovate the urban planning and design of China still needs to be worked hard.