State-owned forest farms develop under-forest economy [explore the road of under-forest economy development in state-owned forest farms]

Due to the long usable period of forestry resources and the exhaustion of available resources, the overall forestry economy has declined rapidly. It is imperative to develop the under-forest economy, increase the added value of forestry and improve the economic situation of forestry. The development of under-forest economy should take state-owned forest farms as the main force, attach importance to the development of under-forest economy, and make it a good way to revitalize the state-owned forestry economy and accelerate the prosperity of forestry workers.

I. Forest economy and its significance

Under-forest economy is based on the ecological environment of forest land, and the compound management of forest, agriculture, animal husbandry, energy and other projects is carried out under the canopy. It is of great significance to shorten the forestry economic cycle, increase the added value of forestry, study and establish a scientific plantation community structure, maintain ecological security and ensure the sustainable utilization of forest resources. To develop the under-forest economy, we must take the state-owned forest farm as the main force, because the state-owned forest farm is the main body of forestry enterprises and has great advantages in enterprise attributes.

Whether state-owned, collective or private enterprises are managed by people, the problems of state-owned enterprises are by no means caused by ownership problems, and the obstacles to the development of state-owned enterprises lie in the problems brought about by management mechanisms. To develop the economy of state-owned enterprises, it is necessary to establish a system of supervision, accountability and democracy, which is the premise of the development of state-owned enterprises. This is especially true for state-owned forestry enterprises, otherwise they will lose their advantages in resources, geography, human resources and technology.

Second, the development of under-forest economy should focus on state-owned forest farms.

(A) to promote the implementation of the policy

No matter which industry, the effective implementation of policies is the key to the development of this industry. State-owned forestry is the main force of forestry and has considerable advantages. For example, there is a large area of forest resources, and there is experience and experience in enterprise management. At the same time, it has certain advantages in human resources, stable administrative relations, brotherly unit relations, technical information relations and market relations, and has unique advantages in understanding and implementing various policies.

(B) conducive to the overall management of forest land

Under-forest economy is an activity of artificially using forest land or changing forest community structure, so this activity is related to both ecological security and sustainable utilization of forestry resources. The development of under-forest economy is not suitable for private random and disconnected layout. Its design should be based on the overall community structure, forest stand, area, landform, water source and other forest land distribution characteristics for scientific investigation and design. If we operate from the perspective of ecological community, we generally don't need intensive planting, and try to imitate the original ecology. This overall design is not only the need of ecological security, but also the need of rational utilization of forestry resources and the need of exploring and optimizing forest community structure. Therefore, it is very necessary to realize the scientific planning, coordinated development and controllable development of under-forest economy in the whole forest farm (or the whole forestry bureau). This can reduce unnecessary self-protection competition and unite great strength to achieve rapid development. In this way, only relying on state-owned forest farms to develop under-forest resources can it be conducive to the overall arrangement and scheduling of under-forest economic development.

(C) conducive to the use of information

Information has become a beacon for all industries. Without enough information, there is not enough analysis and prediction, just as a person cannot survive and develop without sight, hearing and smell. Because state-owned forest farms have multi-level and multi-information channels such as policies, superior units, science and technology, and markets in their own industries. Therefore, it is easy for state-owned forest farms to establish and improve information channels at the grassroots level and get information support. This is another advantage of state-owned forest farms.

(4) It is conducive to technical support.

State-owned forest farms have their own technical resources and top-down technical network, which is an important basis for developing under-forest economy and obtaining technical support. Technology is an important factor in maintaining and developing enterprises. Without technology, the advantage of updating technology is just like updating nutrition in time without nutrition.

(5) Conducive to the rational use of human resources.

Forest farm is rich in human resources, and it is easy to dispatch and utilize human resources. Therefore, for the development of under-forest economy, state-owned forest farms are also an advantage in human resources.

Third, develop the under-forest economy in many directions.

(A) the development of energy-based under-forest economy

It is a very serious fact that some important energy sources of mankind are facing depletion. People have turned to plants, corn and other crops as their first choice, but this has seriously threatened food security. The discovery and utilization of energy grass plants, such as water chestnut, reed, elephant grass, switchgrass and grass reed, is expected to solve the energy crisis greatly. Energy grass is generally a perennial tufted tall grass in Gramineae. In terms of chemical composition, energy grass is rich in hydrocarbons, with high carbon activity, low ash content and high calorific value, which is suitable for fuel raw materials. Therefore, energy grass is one of the most promising biomass energy sources. Then there is the energy dwarf forest, which has a relatively successful experience in Sweden. After the oil crisis in 1970s, with the trend that petroleum fuel was replaced by new energy, the cultivation of short-period willow dwarf forest was introduced to Sweden. Sweden has done a lot of research to find fast-growing tree species that can generate energy through intensive management. The results show that willow trees managed in the form of dwarf forests are most suitable for energy production. Sweden obtains bioenergy by cultivating short-rotation willow dwarf forest, which is mainly used for agricultural land, and the generated biomass is used for cogeneration of regional heating plants. It can be seen that it will be a promising move to develop energy-based under-forest economy in forest areas.

(B) the development of garden resources under the forest economy

With the rapid development of the national economy, the improvement of people's living standards and the gradual enhancement of people's awareness of aesthetics, health care, leisure and environmental protection, the process of urbanization has accelerated, and industries such as transportation, tourism and greening have emerged. As an important part of urban greening, beautification and environmental protection, garden seedling industry has sprung up and flourished. There are a lot of woodland resources in forest areas, which can provide some plants for urban landscaping projects. For example: seabuckthorn fruit, birch, Chinese pine, honeysuckle, peach, catalpa bungeana, bluegrass, Rosa roxburghii, clover, pearl plum, clove, Spiraea, peony and so on. Then, it is feasible to develop garden-style under-forest economy on the premise of existing plant resources, and it is more promising to introduce exotic garden plants for planting on this basis.

(C) the development of animal husbandry under the forest economy

Develop grassland and pond ecological agriculture. Beef cattle, cows, rabbits or hares can be raised on a large scale in the forest, poultry such as chickens, ducks and geese can be raised in the forest, and geese, Chai chickens, black-bone chickens and ducks can be stocked or kept in captivity, with 3-5 crops per year. It is a development with simple technology, easy acceptance by the masses, great market potential and considerable benefits.

(D) the development of forest medicine forest economy

Planting shade-tolerant Chinese herbal medicines, such as Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Isatidis, Ginseng, etc. In the open woodland. You can also plant Schisandra chinensis, Gastrodia elata, Adenophora adenophora, Codonopsis pilosula, Polygonatum odoratum, Fritillaria, Ganoderma lucidum, etc. The technology is relatively simple and the benefits are considerable.

(e) Developing an under-forest economy based on vegetables and fruits.

Strawberry, watermelon, melon, auricularia auricula, bracken, acanthopanax senticosus, thorn bud, celery with big leaves, alpine spinach, Allium macrostemon Bunge (garlic with small roots) and dandelion are all varieties that can be planted under the forest, so it is necessary to carry out characteristic and large-scale development and management from point to area.

Finally, the development of under-forest economy can not be separated from the support of local rural areas and farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the state-owned forest farm as the main force to promote the local rural economic development.