Species of crop diseases and insect pests and their control

1. Knowledge of crop pest control (crop pest control)

Knowledge of crop pest control (crop pest control) 1. Crop pest control

The weather is getting hotter and hotter in spring, and there is plenty of rain, which is very beneficial to the growth of crops. However, high temperature and high humidity are easy to cause weeds and lead to many diseases and insect pests. Farmers should conscientiously do a good job in field intertillage management and pest control.

Rice: Rice blast: Pay attention to rational fertilization and irrigation, spraying 25-30g of 75% tricyclazole and 50 kg of water per mu, or spraying 40% tricyclazole100-250g of water per mu. It is recommended to prevent the disease once in the field after half a month.

Rice planthopper: remove weeds along the ditches in the field in time and control them with 50% diazinon EC and 10% Dagong wettable powder. Potato: late blight: intertillage and cultivate the soil in time, and spray it every 5-7 days with 600-800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 2-3 times, or spray it every 7 days with 1%-2% copper sulfate solution for 2-3 times.

If the central diseased plant is found, it should be removed in time. Pepper: Disease: Pay attention to drainage to reduce the spread of disease and soil drying.

Spraying before onset: You can choose Lvbang 98 wettable powder to dilute 600 times for foliar spraying, or dilute 65,438 times for root irrigation; It can also be sprayed with 12% green milk copper EC600 times; Spray treatment at the initial stage of onset: spray 2~3 times every 5~7 days 1 time. Duan Dekai.

2. How to control crop diseases and insect pests

Diseases and pests in pumpkin and zucchini production will directly affect their quality, yield and output value, and common chemical control methods will easily lead to pesticide pollution.

In the production of pollution-free pumpkin and zucchini, a series of effective measures can be taken to prevent and control pests and diseases, such as selecting varieties with strong resistance, treating seeds by physical measures, cultivating strong seedlings, strengthening scientific cultivation management, cleaning the countryside, and rotating stubble. These measures must be strictly implemented as agricultural ecological control techniques for pollution-free production. On this basis, biological control measures are mainly taken for all kinds of diseases and insect pests in the growth process, supplemented by chemical pesticides that are allowed to be restricted in the production process, as well as physical (insect-proof nets, sunshade nets, light traps, yellow boards and other comprehensive control technologies. ) and chemistry (sweet and sour venom trapping), artificial and mechanical killing, natural enemy utilization, etc. Try to keep the balance between agricultural ecosystem and biodiversity environment, and reduce the economic losses caused by various pests and diseases to the lowest level.

3. Several methods of crop pest control

The weather is getting hotter and hotter in spring, and there is plenty of rain, which is very beneficial to the growth of crops. However, high temperature and high humidity are easy to cause weeds and lead to many diseases and insect pests. Farmers should conscientiously do a good job in field intertillage management and pest control.

Rice: Rice blast: Pay attention to rational fertilization and irrigation, spraying 25-30g of 75% tricyclazole and 50 kg of water per mu, or spraying 40% tricyclazole100-250g of water per mu. It is recommended to prevent the disease once in the field after half a month.

Rice planthopper: remove weeds along the ditches in the field in time and control them with 50% diazinon EC and 10% Dagong wettable powder. Potato: late blight: intertillage and cultivate the soil in time, and spray it every 5-7 days with 600-800 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 2-3 times, or spray it every 7 days with 1%-2% copper sulfate solution for 2-3 times.

If the central diseased plant is found, it should be removed in time. Pepper: Disease: Pay attention to drainage to reduce the spread of disease and soil drying.

Spraying before onset: You can choose Lvbang 98 wettable powder to dilute 600 times for foliar spraying, or dilute 65,438 times for root irrigation; It can also be sprayed with 12% green milk copper EC600 times; Spray treatment at the initial stage of onset: spray 2~3 times every 5~7 days 1 time. Duan Dekai.

4. How to control crop diseases and insect pests

Diseases and pests in pumpkin and zucchini production will directly affect their quality, yield and output value, and common chemical control methods will easily lead to pesticide pollution.

In the production of pollution-free pumpkin and zucchini, a series of effective measures can be taken to prevent and control pests and diseases, such as selecting varieties with strong resistance, treating seeds by physical measures, cultivating strong seedlings, strengthening scientific cultivation management, cleaning the countryside, and rotating stubble. These measures must be strictly implemented as agricultural ecological control techniques for pollution-free production. On this basis, biological control measures are mainly taken for all kinds of diseases and insect pests in the growth process, supplemented by chemical pesticides that are allowed to be restricted in the production process, as well as physical (insect-proof nets, sunshade nets, light traps, yellow boards and other comprehensive control technologies. ) and chemistry (sweet and sour venom trapping), artificial and mechanical killing, natural enemy utilization, etc. Try to keep the balance between agricultural ecosystem and biodiversity environment, and reduce the economic losses caused by various pests and diseases to the lowest level.

5. Crop diseases and insect pests

1. Nitrogen-deficient seedlings are short and emaciated with yellow-green leaves; The blade turns yellow from the tip of the blade and develops along the midrib of the blade, forming a "V"-shaped yellowing part; Causes the whole plant to yellow, the lower tip of the back is dead, and the edge is yellow-green; Nitrogen deficiency is serious or critical, with small panicle, insufficient top grain and low protein content.

Second, the seedlings lacking phosphorus are sensitive and the plants are dwarfed; The tip and edge of the leaf lose green and turn purple-red, and the rear leaf end dies or turns dark purple-brown; The root system is underdeveloped, the pollination of female panicles is blocked, the grains are not full, and the panicles are few or distorted.

3. The tips and edges of the lower leaves with potassium deficiency are yellow or burnt red, and the plants are prone to lodging in the later stage, with small ears and poor top development.

Fourth, the upper leaves of magnesium-deficient seedlings turn yellow; There are yellow-white fading stripes between veins, and the tips and edges of the lower old leaves are purple; The leaf edge and tip of magnesium deficiency are severely dead, and yellow-green stripes or dwarfing appear between veins of the whole plant.

5. The seedlings with severe zinc deficiency showed symptoms within 2 weeks after excavation, with pale white stripes on their leaves, and 1 albino broad-band tissue areas on both sides of the posterior midvein. The midvein and edge were still green, and sometimes the leaf edge and leaf sheath were brown or red.

Six, sulfur-deficient plants are dwarfed, their leaves are yellow, and their maturity is delayed, which is similar to the symptoms of nitrogen deficiency.

7. Light green to white or whole leaf discoloration appears between veins of upper leaves with iron deficiency.

Eight, irregular white spots appear between veins of young leaves with boron deficiency, and each spot can be fused into white stripes; Severe internode elongation is affected by attracting male plants and spinning or unable to attract male plants and spinning.

Nine, calcium deficiency When the soil is calcium deficient, the leaves of the seedlings cannot be pulled out or unfolded, and some tips are stuck together in a stepped shape, and the plants are slightly yellow-green or short.

Ten, the vein tissue of young leaves with manganese deficiency slowly turns yellow, forming yellow-green stripes, and the leaves are bent and drooping, which is different from magnesium deficiency.

6. Crop pests and diseases

Symptoms of maize leaf blight: the disease is also called leaf stripe disease, coal sheath blight, leaf blight and leaf spot disease.

It mainly harms leaves, leaf sheaths and bracts of corn. Water-stained blue-gray spots appear at first, and then spread to both ends along the veins, forming large spots with brown edges, light brown centers or blue-gray, and the diseased spots often crack longitudinally in the later stage.

In severe cases, the diseased spots fuse and the leaves turn yellow and die. When wet, there are a lot of gray-black mold layers on the diseased spots. The leaves below grow first.

Prevention and control methods: (1) Strengthen agricultural prevention and control, sow early in time, and avoid the peak period of disease occurrence. Apply sufficient base fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.

Do a good job in weeding and cultivating the intertillage soil, remove 2-3 leaves at the bottom, reduce the relative humidity in the field, make the plants strong and improve the disease resistance. After corn is harvested, the straw is fermented at high temperature for composting.

Implement crop rotation. (2) Chemical control: 500-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 600-fold solution of 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 800-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder and 800- 1000-fold solution of 40% kewen powder emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed from the end of heart leaves to the tasseling stage or the early onset of disease, every 10 day.

7. What are the main methods to control crop diseases in agriculture?

Disease control mainly includes-

Biological control, drug control, physical control, artificial control, etc.

1. Reclaim wasteland and build water conservancy. These measures often affect the change of farmland ecosystem, cause profound changes in the species and quantity of pests, and reduce or eliminate the breeding base of pests.

2. Rotation: Correct rotation can improve soil fertility, create favorable conditions for crop growth, and worsen the nutritional conditions of pests with narrow feeding habits.

3. Tillage: It can directly kill underground pests or pests overwintering with crop residues, or make pests dig out of the ground to be preyed or killed.

4. Adjust the sowing date of crops: stagger the fragile growth period of crops with the peak period of serious pest damage to reduce or avoid the damage.

5. Weeds are often wintering places or hosts for pests, thus becoming a bridge for pests to harm crops. There are often many pests hidden in the remains and litter, so cleaning the countryside and weeding play a great role in controlling pests.

6. Drainage and irrigation: It will worsen the living environment of pests, especially for wet pests.

7. Fertilization: Reasonable fertilization can make crops grow healthily and improve insect resistance, and fertilization can also improve the resilience of crops after damage; However, improper fertilization will reduce the insect resistance of crops.

8. Using insect-resistant varieties of crops: it can worsen the nutritional conditions of pests and control the occurrence of pests for a long time.