French personal pronouns

Pronouns in French mainly include personal pronouns, interrogative pronouns, auxiliary pronouns, relative pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, subjective pronouns and general pronouns.

Second, personal pronouns

1. Subject personal pronoun

Singular or plural

The first person (hermaphrodite) me and us

The second person is called (hermaphrodite) you, you (you)

The third person (masculine) he (it) they (they)

Deny her (it), them (them)

Note: the difference between tu and vous:

Vous (you) is used to address people you don't know well, superiors, elders and others who need respect (such as your boss), and you can also be called "you" in the plural. Tu (you) is generally used as a casual address between familiar friends, classmates or family members.

2. Emphasize personal pronouns

(1) Word format:

Singular or plural

moi nous

hello

Louis ou

elle elles

Note: the stressed personal pronouns of pronouns on, chakun and personnne are soi.

(2) Usage:

A) used after c'est, ce sont, as a predicative. For example:

It's me. It's me.

B) As the appositive of the subject, it plays the role of emphasizing the subject. For example:

Me, too. I'm glad. Me, too. I'm fine.

C) after the preposition. For example:

This is life. This book is his.

Tea village for rent. Everybody go home.

D) in the ellipsis sentence. For example:

I'm fine, thank you. What about you? I'm fine, thank you. What about you?

E) In the comparative degree of adjectives or adverbs, if the object of comparison is a pronoun, the stressed personal pronoun is used. For example:

I will talk and invite you. He speaks faster than me.

3. Direct object personal pronouns

(1) Word format:

count

Person (gender) singular plural

The first person (hermaphrodite) me (m') I nous us

The second person's name is (hermaphrodite) te (t') you vous (you)

The third person (female)

(positive) music (l') he (it)

Pull (l') her (it) les them, them (them)

Note: me te le la should omit the sound before vowels or verbs that start with silent H, and become M', T', L' and L' respectively.

(2) Usage:

A) Used as a direct object, usually before related verbs. As the direct object of any verb, put it in front.

Hello, Paul Hill. I saw Paul yesterday. ~ I'm familiar. I saw him yesterday.

B) in the affirmative sentence, put the verb after it, change me to moi, and change te to toi. In the negative imperative sentence, it still precedes the verb.

Regard-Moi. Look at me. ~ Let me forget the past. Do not look at me.

4. Personal pronouns of indirect objects

(1) Word format:

count

Person (gender) singular plural

The first person (hermaphrodite) me (m') I nous us

The second person is called (hermaphrodite) te (t') you vous (you)

The third person (hermaphrodite) lui he, she (it) leur them, they (they).

Note: Before vowels or verbs that start with Me and te, please omit me and te and turn them into M' and T' respectively.

(2) Usage:

A) Used as an indirect object rather than a noun or pronoun guided by a preposition. Personal pronouns with direct objects are usually placed before related verbs.

Hello, Paul. I called Paul yesterday.

~ I love TV. I called him yesterday.

B) In affirmative imperative sentences, the me after the verb should be changed to moi. In the negative imperative sentence, it still precedes the verb.

A letter. Write me a letter.

I don't know. Do not write to me.

5. Reflexive pronouns

(1) Word format:

count

Person (gender) singular plural

The first person (hermaphrodite) me (m') I nous us

The second person is called (hermaphrodite) te (t') you vous (you)

The third person (hermaphrodite) means him, she (it) means them, and they (they).

Note: pleaSE omit Me, te and se before vowels or verbs starting with mute H, and change them into M', T' and S' respectively.

(2) Usage:

A) Reflexive verbs and verbs form pronoun verbs, which are placed in front of verbs. Position is the same as personal pronouns as objects. For example:

I love you. I get up.

I put it in the glacier. He looked in the mirror.

B) After the imperative verb is put, me should be changed to moi and te to toi. In the negative imperative sentence, it still precedes the verb.

Leftoi! Get up! ~ Don't leave! Do not get up!

Attached:

1. Subject 2. Pressure 3. Direct object 4. Indirect object 5. Reflexive

The first person singular me, me, me, me, me.

Second person singular tu toi te te te

Third person singular (masculine) il lui le lui se

Third Person Singular (Female) elle ella

First person plural noun noun noun noun noun noun noun noun.

The second person is called the plural vous vous vous vous vous vous vous vous vous vous vous vous.

Third person plural (masculine) ils eux les leur se

Third person plural (feminine) elles elles

6. the second generation nouns y and en

(1) usage of the secondary pronoun y:

A) Adverbials of place that are not guided by prepositions, such as à, dans and sur, are usually placed before related verbs. For example:

Are you in the library? Do you go to the library?

-Yes, we all know. Yes, let's go there.

Do the students work hard at the party? Do college students study in the classroom at night?

-Yes, he travels at night. Yes, they study there at night.

B)y can also be used as an indirect object instead of prepositional nouns. Such as verbs penser, réfléchir, s'intéresser, etc. For example:

Do you have any suggestions? Have you considered his suggestion?

-Yes, we all know. Yes, we thought about it.

C) In some common sayings. For example:

Yes It worked.

(2) The usage of the second personal pronoun en:

A) instead of indefinite article des or some articles du, de la, de l', des+ nouns, as direct objects. For example:

Do you know Rivers in France? ais？ Do you have any French books?

-Yes, dear. Yes, I do.

-No, I don't love you. No I don't.

The food on the table. Are there any vegetables on the table?

Yes, yes, there is.

-No, it won't. No, no.

B) take the place of nouns or adverbs of quantity (beaucoup de, combien de) after numerals as direct objects. For example:

This is a beautiful river. -I'm Beauchamp. He has many comic books.

You have two styles, Etmoi and J 'en Aitrois. You have two pens and I have three.

C) Substituting adjective complements (trecontent/fiers/satisfait/tristate de ...) is headed by prepositions. For example:

We want to know the contents of this voyage.

Nousen sommes vraim très content. We are very satisfied with this trip.

D) instead of the indirect object introduced by Germany. For example:

I want to go to our first meeting.

-I'm tired today. I will always remember the first time we met.

E) the adverbial of place instead of de. For example:

Night in France.

See you later. He comes from France.

7. The order of double-object personal pronouns and auxiliary pronouns Y and Y, en in the sentence.

(1) In declarative sentences and negative imperative sentences, the object pronoun comes before the verb. If there are two pronouns, they are arranged in the following order:

1 2 3 4 5

I

The seventh note of the major scale.

selenium

rationality

hello

The sixth note of a diatonic scale.

Leslui

leur y en +v.+(pas)

(2) In affirmative imperative sentences, the order of object pronouns following verbs is as follows:

1 2 3 4

Verb (abbreviation of verb)+-le

Los Angeles

-Lemoi

-Toye

-Louis

-We?

-What about you?

-Reuel.-Ian

For example:

Can we provide cadeaux? He gave us a present?

-Yes, I have a proposition for you. Yes, he sent it to us.

Michelle daily. ~ Donald Leroy. Give the newspaper to Michelle.

Third, interrogative pronouns

1. Definition:

Pronouns that question people or things are called interrogative pronouns.

2. Word form:

(1) Simple interrogative pronoun:

Of people and things.

Unrestressed form

General form: Who asks what?

Special form of problem

What is this? What's this

What's up?

(2) Compound interrogative pronouns:

Singular or plural

Which is positive and which is negative?

Negative effects, which effects, which effects.

Concentrated form positive auquel auxquels

Duquel des Qualls

Negative auxin

Des kells

3. Usage:

Usage of (1) qui:

A) In direct interrogative sentences, qui can be used as subject, predicative, object, adverbial or complement. For example:

what's up Who is here?

what's up Who is this?

B) qui can also be used in direct interrogative sentences, and can also be used as subject, predicative, object, adverbial or complement. For example:

I don't know what this is. I don't know who is here.

I don't know what's going on. I don't know who this is.

(2) The usage of Que:

A) It can be used as a direct object in a direct question, and it can also be used as a predicative or adverbial. For example:

How are you? What do you want?

what's up What do you do?

C) in indirect interrogative sentences, que should be changed to ce que, such as:

I don't know what you are thinking. I don't know what you want.

I don't know what you are talking about. I don't know what you do.

(the usage of quoi:

Quoi is an stressed form of que, which can be used as an object and an adverbial in a sentence. For example:

Quidditch? What should we do?

How do you think? What are you thinking about?

Let's begin. What shall we start with?

(4) Usage of 4)quiest-cequi, quiest-ceque, qu 'est-cequi and qu 'est-ceque:

Qui est-ce qui people can be omitted as quiquiqui (quiest-cequi) estvenu? Who is here?

Qui est-ce que person as a direct object can be omitted as quiest-ce que (qui) tu asvu? Who did you see?

As a subject, it cannot be omitted. What happened?

As a direct object or predicative, "Qude Que" can be omitted. what's up What is this?

Fourth, relative pronouns.

Relative pronouns lead to relative clauses, also called adjective clauses. Words replaced by relative pronouns are called antecedents of relative pronouns.

1. Relative pronoun qui:

(1) qui is the subject in a clause, and the antecedent can refer to people or things. For example:

Le jeune gar？ My name is Paul. The boy who is talking is called Paul.

(2) qui is used with prepositions in clauses and can be used as an indirect object or adverbial. But it can only refer to people: à qui, de qui, avec qui, etc. For example:

We know a foreigner and we can talk in English.

We know a foreign student with whom we often speak English.

2. Relative pronouns are:

The relative pronoun "que" is generally used as the direct object in relative clauses, and the antecedent can refer to people or things.

Hello, today's reporter. This is the newspaper I read yesterday.

Legal? Is your name Paul? The boy you see over there is named Paul.

Note: If the verb of the relative clause is a compound tense with avoir as the auxiliary verb, the past participle should match the antecedent part of speech of the direct object, that is, que, such as:

I like this book because I like this book. I have read the magazine I bought yesterday.

3. Relative pronoun o:

The relative pronoun "o" is used as an adverbial of place or time in relative clauses. For example:

I live near the sea.

The city where I was born is located by the sea.

On the bus, they rest for five days before the game.

In summer, they go to the countryside and stay there for two weeks.

I'm glad we met today.

It was raining on the day we met.

4. relative pronoun don't:

The relative pronoun dont replaces the de+ noun in the clause, which can refer to both people and things, and is the antecedent of dont. T use it don' relative clauses:

(1) indirect object

I hope you don't talk to me.

I'm going to buy the book you told me.

(2) Noun complement

Hangzhou is a beautiful city.

Hangzhou is a beautiful city, and the West Lake in Hangzhou is very famous.

(3) Adjective complement

Our successful competition is not fierce.

He told us about his successful experience, and he was proud of it.

(4) Numeral complement

Hello, Fran? Ais, don't bully women.

This is a Frenchman, three of whom are women.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) demonstrative pronoun

1. Definition:

Demonstrative pronouns replace the nouns that have appeared above to avoid noun repetition. Demonstrative pronouns can be divided into simple forms and compound forms.

2. Word form:

Simple word forms and compound word forms

Singular positive negative positive negative.

celui celle celui-ci

Cherui-Lacele-Chi

Selella

Compound cell

ceux-la celles-ci

Seles-la

Neutral demonstrative pronoun ce ceci

Sierra

a

3. Usage:

(1) usage of simple form:

A) Simple demonstrative pronouns can't be used alone, usually followed by complements led by or relative clauses led by relative pronouns. For example:

This is my room and my mother's room is downstairs. This is my room and my brother's room is over there.

His story is more interesting than yours. His story is more interesting than yours.

B) When used alone, it refers to a certain category of people. For example:

Please put it on the table. Please raise your hand if you disagree.

This is the first day of my trip. No pains, no gains.

(2) The usage of compound forms:

A) Compound demonstrative pronouns can be used alone without definite complement. For example:

I like this room, but it's too big.

I like this room, but that one is bigger.

B) in the same sentence, celui-ci, ceux-ci, etc. Refers to people or things nearby, as well as celui-là, ceux-là, etc. Refers to people or things far away. Such as voilà deux voitures, celle-ciestnoire, celle-là estblanche.

These are two cars. This one is black and that one is white.

C) celui-ci, ceux-ci, etc. Refers to the person or thing mentioned later, as well as celui-là, ceux-là, etc. Refers to the person or thing mentioned above. For example:

Paul and his brother are students, twice a year and three times a year. Paul and his cousin are both college students. The latter (referring to his cousin) is in the second grade, while the former (referring to Paul) is in the third grade.

(3) The usage of neutral demonstrative pronouns:

A) ce: as the subject, whether the verb is singular or plural in the third person: C'est or Ce sont+ predicative; For example:

This is a bookshelf. This is a book.

This is my professor. This is my teacher.

This is Spanish. These are some Spaniards.

Used with relative pronouns, that is, ce que, ce qui or ce dont, as subject, object or predicative; Or in phrases such as ce qui ... yes, that's right ... c'est, such as:

I didn't understand what the teacher said.

This is politics. He is interested in politics.

Can you talk to me? I'm not interested in what you said.

(b) Central European Initiative and ECLAC:

Ceci and Serra generally refer to things, not people. Cela is often condensed in spoken language? Answer.

I am very happy. I want this.

It seems impossible. It seems impossible.

Veterans administration. Is it okay? How are you?

That's enough. That's enough.

Sixth, the subject pronoun

1. Word form:

Singular or plural

Positive negative positive negative

My Lemien Lamien Les Means

Oh, my God. Oh, my God. Oh, my God.

He (she, it) is like this.

Our le n? Terry lane? tre les n？ Tres

Your, your car? Teresa v? Trelles V? Tres

He (she, it) le le le le le le le le.

2. Usage:

A) possessive pronouns use nouns instead of possessive adjectives to avoid the repetition of nouns and the change of sex number. It can be used as subject, predicative, object, adverbial and complement in a sentence. For example:

I'm six and I'm nine.

My son is six and your son is seven.

Are our courses also important? Trey.

Our classroom is as big as yours.

B) Subject adjectives are used alone, usually in the masculine plural, meaning "family, relatives and friends, one of our own" and so on. For example:

Hello, my friend. I often write to my family.

Attached:

Expressions of possessive pronouns and possessive cases

The verb avoir has a personal pronoun emphasized by the adjective être+à+.

I am an accountant.

A table. This is my business card.

This is my desk. This is my diary.

This table is mine. le mien

Lamien

You are a driver.

The picture shows a table. I'm Tony Cahill.

This is a table. This table is mine.

This table is mine. Letian

Latien

He/she is an accountant.

A table. I'm Cahill's son.

This is a table. This table belongs to Louis/Eller.

This table is beautiful. le sien

Rasion

I am Cahill.

I like tables. This is my diary.

This is my desk. This is my diary.

This table is mine. les miens

Les Maynes

You are my assistant.

The picture shows the des table. This is the minutes of the meeting.

This is the table. This is my diary.

This table is right in front of you ... les tiens

Letiennes

He/she is a flight attendant.

A table. This is Cahill.

This is the table. This is her diary.

This table is beautiful. les siens

les siennes

We are a team.

We sit at the same table. This is the minutes of our meeting.

This is our dining table. This is the minutes of our meeting.

This table is ours. Le n? Trey

la n？ Trey

You brought a wallet.

You have a desk. This is my business card.

This is the table. This table is yours.

This table is yours. Le v? Trey

Pull v? Trey

ils/Elles on a cahier。

Ils/Elles on a table. This is his diary.

This is the table. This is a true story.

This table is beautiful. Lerell

Lareur

Let's go together.

We sat at the table. This is not Cahill.

This is not a table. This is the minutes of our meeting.

This table is not ours. les n？ Tres

les n？ Tres

You are with the driver.

You have tables. This is our Cahill.

This is our desk. This table is yours.

This table is for you. les v？ Tres

les v？ Tres

Ils/Elles ont des cahiers。

Ils/ellesondes table This is my diary.

This is a table. This is a good example.

Consumer electronic watch. Lesler

Lesler

Seven, referring pronouns.

1. Definition:

General pronouns indicate uncertain and vague people or things.

2. Word form:

Commonly used general pronouns are aucun, autre, certains, Chacun, Nul, On, Persne, Plusieurs, Quelqu 'un, Quelque Chose, Rien, Tout and so on.

Step 3 use

( 1) aucun:

Generally used with ne to mean "none", such as:

I don't know what else. I don't know any of them.

(2) autre:

Add a definite article or an indefinite article before saying "another person, another thing" For example:

If it weren't for Passebon, I wouldn't eat it. This bread is not delicious. I want another one.

(3) Some matters:

Only the plural refers to people, meaning "some people, some people", such as:

Some people say yes, others say no.

(4) Tea Village:

Only the singular refers to people, meaning "everyone, everyone", such as:

Tea village restaurant. Everyone stays in his position.

(5) in:

Only the masculine singular refers to a person, and the verb is modified by the third person singular to mean "everyone, everyone, everyone", such as:

According to the agreement. We agree.

(6) quelqu'un，quelqu'une，quel ques-uns，quelques-unes:

The singular refers to "someone", regardless of gender, only refers to the masculine gender. For example:

what's up Is anybody there?

In the plural, it can refer to people or things. It means "some people, some". For example:

-Are you with mangé des pommes? Did you eat an apple?

-Yes, hello.-Hello. Yes, I ate some.

(7) personnel:

There is only a singular form, which means "no one" For example:

A person can't see. Nobody wants to see him.

I don't like being alone I don't see anyone.

(8) rien:

Only the singular form means "no", such as:

That's impossible. Nothing is impossible.

I didn't hear anything.

(9) tout:

The female singular means "everything, everything, everything". For example:

Everything is fine. Everything is fine.

Eight, the neutral pronoun.

1. Word form:

The neutral pronoun has not changed in sex and number.

2. Usage:

(1) instead of a noun indicating identity and occupation. For example:

You are from China, so am I.

You are from China, so am I.

(2) instead of adjectives as predicative. For example:

Our parents know our notes, so do we.

Your parents are happy with your good grades, so are we.

(3) instead of infinitive verbs or the whole sentence. For example:

I said, this is the only day.

I know the workers are on strike.

Nine, pronoun soi

Soi is a stressed personal pronoun, and the third person singular refers to people or things. Its usage is the same as other stressed personal pronouns, and it is used correspondingly with general personal pronouns. Common general pronouns are: on, chakun, person.

With your hands. Oh ~