Expository reading questions

Self-sufficient human bioenergy power generation

① As coal, oil and other resources are increasingly depleted and environmental degradation is becoming increasingly serious, some scientists have conducted research on the development of more new energy sources. The topic turns to the field of human's own bioenergy, and the use of human bioenergy to generate electricity has already achieved initial results.

② There are some chemical substances in the human body, and chemical energy is produced when they react. During metabolism, energy is released from the reaction between glucose and oxygen molecules. With a little bit of harnessing, this energy can be converted into electricity. Based on this principle, scientists began research on human biobatteries.

③According to experts, the electrodes of the human biobattery are made of two carbon fibers with a length of 2 cm and a diameter of about 1/7000 nanometers. The outer layer of each carbon fiber is also coated with a polymer. There is also glucose oxidase which acts as a catalyst. The function of the polymer is to connect the carbon fiber and glucose oxidase into a circuit, and the glucose oxidase is used to accelerate the chemical reaction between glucose and oxygen molecules. This human biobattery works in an environment of 37°C and pH 7.2, which is very close to the temperature and pH of human blood. The power it generates can drive a small sensor that monitors diabetes.

④ There are other forms of human bioenergy power generation. When a person sits or stands, gravitational potential energy is continuously generated. At this time, if a special gravity converter can be used, this energy can be converted into electrical energy. There is a company in the United States that buries a power generation device in a crowded public place, with a row of pedals outside. When a pedestrian walks over the board, his weight presses on the board, causing the rocker connected to the pedal to move in the other direction, thereby driving the central axis to rotate and starting the generator connected to it.

⑤ In addition, the heat energy in human body bioenergy can also be utilized. People emit a large amount of heat energy every day, and it spreads through radiation. Generally, a 50-kilogram adult dissipates about 2,500 kcal of heat throughout the day and night. Thermoelectric batteries made from the human body's thermal energy can convert the human body's thermal energy into electrical energy. This thermoelectric battery is so delicate that it can work just by putting it in your pocket. It can function as a power source to power hearing aids, pocket TVs, micro generators, etc. It can be said to generate electricity for your own use.

⑥The energy of the human body can be said to be inexhaustible, inexhaustible, and pollution-free. Such miraculous energy is available to each of us. We should make full use of it to save more energy for our society. We hope that this new type of energy will benefit mankind more and more.

(Selected from "The Secret of Energy Science" with changes)

1. Which forms of using human bioenergy to generate electricity does the selected article introduce? (3 points)

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2. What are the scientific principles based on the development of human bio-batteries? (3 points)

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3. What is the effect of adding the word "about" in paragraph 3 of the selected article? (2 points)

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4. What explanatory method is used in paragraph ④ of the selected article? What is its effect? ??(3 points)

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5. Please draft a literary and elegant promotional language from the perspective of "saving". (4 points)

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1. [Answer] Use chemical energy to generate electricity; use gravitational potential energy to generate electricity; use thermal energy to generate electricity. [Analysis] This question tests the ability to extract important information from the text. These three sentences are also the central sentences of these three natural paragraphs.

2. [Answer] There are some chemical substances in the human body. When they react, they will produce chemical energy. With a little use, this energy can be converted into electrical energy. [Analysis] To answer this type of question, you must first analyze the question stem, grasp the key words, and find the paragraph where it is located in the text. For example, the keyword "human biobattery" in this question appears in paragraph 2 of the selected article, then the required answer can be summarized from the sentence in paragraph 2.

3. [Answer] The word "about" means an estimate. The number is uncertain (specific answers are better), which reflects the accuracy of the explanation language. [Analysis] This question examines the accuracy of expository language. As far as the situation introduced in the article is concerned, using the word "about" to express an estimate can better reflect the accuracy of the explanatory language, because this kind of carbon fiber is too thin and cannot be measured accurately.

4. [Answer] Give an example; specify that a special gravity converter can be used to convert gravitational potential energy into electrical energy. [Analysis] Explanation methods and their functions are common knowledge points when reading scientific and technological texts. [Loss of Points Warning] Pay attention to the accuracy of terminology, "example" cannot be written as "column".

5. [Answer] Example: Promotional slogan next to the faucet: Please don’t make me cry! [Analysis] The proposed slogan must have a "saving" theme, such as saving water, saving electricity, and saving solar terms. It must also be rich in literary talent and not too straightforward. .

① Traditional petrochemical energy is decreasing day by day, and at the same time, there are still 2 billion people in the world who do not have normal energy supply. At this time, the whole world has turned its attention to renewable energy, hoping that renewable energy can change human energy structure and maintain long-term sustainable development. Solar energy is one of the current renewable energy sources that can not only obtain energy, but also reduce the emission of harmful gases and harmful substances such as carbon dioxide. More and more countries are beginning to implement the "Sunshine Plan" to develop solar energy. Such as the "Photovoltaic Building Plan" in the United States, the "Million Rooftop Photovoltaic Plan" in Europe, the "Asahi Plan" in Japan, and the "Bright Project" that our country has launched.

②The energy of solar energy reaching the earth every second reaches 1.7 × 1 O14 kilowatts. If we take the surface of the earth as O. 1% of solar energy is converted into electrical energy, with a conversion rate of 5%. The annual power generation is expected to reach 7.4×1 O13 kilowatt hours, which is equivalent to 40 times the current world energy consumption. Therefore, solar energy resources are very abundant energy, inexhaustible, and important energy that humans can freely utilize.

③ Data show that most areas of our country are rich in solar energy resources and have huge potential for solar energy resource development. More than two-thirds of the country's total area has annual sunshine hours of more than 2,000 hours, and its theoretical reserves reach 1.7 trillion tons of standard coal per year. The average annual daily radiation in most areas is more than 4 kilowatt hours per square meter, and the solar radiation received by the land area every year is equivalent to the combined power generation of tens of thousands of Three Gorges Projects.

④ Solar energy development costs are low and has broad prospects. In the past ten years, my country's solar energy utilization industry has developed rapidly. In particular, solar water heaters have initially formed a relatively complete industrial system. It is predicted that in the next 15 years, solar water heaters will grow at a rate of about 20%, and the number of urban and rural households using solar water heaters will reach 25% of the total. With the development of research on solar energy utilization methods, solar air conditioners have become more mature products and are expected to enter people's lives this year. A series of solar products such as solar street lights, solar mobile phones, and solar flushless toilets are in the development and application stage. Now our country has become a net importer of oil and has a huge demand for solar power generation. At present, our country has formulated relevant policies to encourage the use of solar energy as an alternative energy source. I believe that in the near future, “sunshine everywhere and electricity everywhere” will become a reality of our lives.

7. Compared with traditional petrochemical energy, what are the obvious advantages of solar energy resources? (3 points)

8. The author lists a large amount of data in paragraphs ② and ③. What is the purpose? (2 points)

9. Linguistic accuracy is one of the most important features of expository writing. Please choose one of the two dotted words in the article and write its expression. (3 points)

10. The 29th Olympic Games, with the concept of "Environmental Olympics and Science and Technology Olympics", will be held in Beijing, the capital of our country, in 2008. To this end, a certain school plans to carry out the theme activity "I offer suggestions for the Olympics". If you are a student of this school, please combine your reading understanding of this article to make a reasonable suggestion to the organizing committee of this Olympic Games, and write the main content and reasons of your suggestion below. (3 points)

Reference answer 7. (1) Environmentally friendly and pollution-free; (2) Inexhaustible and inexhaustible; (3) Low development cost and broad prospects.

8. Specific data shows that solar energy resources are very abundant.

9． "One" indicates that solar energy is one of the "renewable energy sources that can not only obtain energy, but also reduce the emission of harmful gases and harmful substances such as carbon dioxide." In addition, there are other energy sources that also have this characteristic. . "Hopefully" indicates that solar air conditioners are expected to "enter people's lives" this year, but it is not yet completely certain.

10． There is no single answer.

If you can watch the sea glow at night, it is quite magnificent. It looks like thousands of stars, like a patch of milky light, and even more like colorful fireworks. People call this phenomenon "sea fire". Who caused this fascinating scene? Whose masterpiece is it?

There is a kind of sea luminescence that appears in the spray foam around and at the stern of sailing ships. This is mainly caused by luminescent plankton with very small particles. Most of them are rose red in color, and they usually glow slightly with the help of a fatty substance in their bodies. The characteristic of luminescence is that it consists of countless white, light green or light red flashes. But they are usually only noticeable when there are mechanical disturbances in the sea surface or when they are chemically stimulated. When sea waves push them toward the gravelly shore, they are even more triggered to glow. The light emitted is like a bunch of splashing sparks, falling like "fire rain", one after another. This kind of sea glow is called spark-type sea glow.

There is also a kind of sea luminescence caused by marine luminescent bacteria. Their luminous intensity is weak, and their characteristic is that no matter what the sea conditions are, and no matter whether there is any external disturbance, as long as there are a large number of these luminous bacteria, a milky white glow will appear on the sea surface. Such bacteria are mostly found in estuaries, harbors, and intersections of warm and cold currents, especially in polluted areas where sewers enter the sea. This type of sea luminescence is called diffuse sea luminescence.

Another type of sea luminescence is caused by larger luminous objects in the ocean, such as jellyfish, sponges, broodworms, ring worms and scale clams. There are special light-emitting organs on the body of jellyfish, which will emit a large flash of light when stimulated. Some fish can secrete a special substance in their bodies, which reacts with oxygen to emit light. This kind of luminescence usually appears in isolation. It is more eye-catching when stimulated by mechanical or chemical effects. The characteristics of the sea light they emit are bright and dark, repeated cycles, like a flashlight. This kind of sea luminescence is called flash sea light. glow.

Hai Guangfa is not only colorful and beautiful, but most importantly, it has a close relationship with production and construction.

Sea areas with strong sea luminescence can reflect the seascape at night. Therefore, on a moonless night, when a ship encounters sea luminescence, it can cause the captain to have an illusion, leading to sea damage accidents and affecting the safe navigation of the ship. Correctly grasping the sea luminescence can predict the weather. Fishermen in Liaoning and Hebei areas of my country have summarized the folk proverb "Fire is seen in the sea and wind and rain are present" after many years of observation. The sea light that occurs when fish swim exposes the hiding places of fish, so experienced fishermen use it to catch fish at night. (Selected from "Chinese Language News")

17. Please briefly summarize the causes of the colorful, beautiful and attractive "sea glow". (3 points)

18. What are the characteristics of different types of sea luminescence? (3 points)

19. Why does "spark-shaped sea glow" appear "in the spray foam around and at the stern of a sailing ship"? (3 points)

20. What is the close relationship between Haifa and production and construction? (3 points)

Reference answer 17.1 It is caused by luminescent plankton with very small particles. 2 is caused by marine luminescent bacteria. 3 Caused by larger luminous objects in the ocean.

Characteristics of 181 "Spark-type sea glow": It is composed of countless white, light green or light red flashes, and the light emitted is like a bunch of splashing sparks, falling like "fire rain" , one wave after another. 2. Characteristics of "diffuse sea luminescence"; when a large number of luminescent bacteria exist, a milky white glow will appear on the sea surface. 3. Characteristics of "Flash Sea Glow": one light and one dark, cycle repeatedly, just like a flash. 19． Because the particles of luminescent plankton are very small, they only emit bright light when the sea surface is mechanically disturbed or chemically stimulated.

201 affects the safe navigation of ships. 2 can predict the weather. 3. Convenient for fishermen to fish at night.

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