Wu Shaoqing’s biography

Wu Shaoqing was born in a poor family in rural Chao County, Anhui Province on October 21, 1895. His father ran a private school in the countryside and relied on a meager income to survive. His father died when he was 3 years old, and his widowed mother took him back to live with his grandfather in Wuhu. With the support of his uncle, he attended a private school. The teacher was extremely strict in his discipline. At the same time, he was smart and eager to learn, so he laid an excellent foundation in Chinese. When he was 10 years old, he entered the primary school run by the Wuhu Church. There were many American teachers in the school, and he began to learn English and was extremely diligent. After graduating from elementary school, he entered Wuhu Cuiwen Middle School. When he was in his third year of high school, a student uprising broke out because the American principal restricted the activities of Chinese students. Wu Shaoqing, one of the student representatives, was forced to stop studying and continued to study at home. In 1915, his uncle who worked as a technician in a flour mill in Shanghai invited him to be an assistant, but he declined politely because he was determined to study medicine. At this time, he saw an announcement in the newspaper that a British doctor in Hankou was recruiting medical students, and immediately went to Hankou to take the exam. Unexpectedly, when he arrived in Hankou, he found that it was not a regular school and was disappointed. At the right time, he learned that Changsha Xiangya Medical College (the predecessor of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University), which was founded just one year ago by Yan Fuqing and others, was recruiting students. He immediately applied for it and was admitted as the first transfer student of the school because of his excellent test scores. The school has a seven-year system, with the first two years being preparatory courses and the last five years being undergraduate medicine. The first class of 10 students graduated in 1921, all receiving doctorate degrees in medicine. Among these 10 graduates are Wu Shaoqing, Zhang Xiaoqian, Ying Yuanyue, Tang Feifan, Yao Kefang and Zhou Chenghu. Later, they all became important leaders in the Chinese medical community and made outstanding contributions to Chinese medical education and various fields of medicine.

After Wu Shaoqing graduated from Xiangya, he first served as a resident physician at the Infectious Diseases Hospital of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce, and then served as a surgical resident physician at Wuhu Hospital for several years, and then transferred to Nanchang Hospital as a physician. In 1929, he went to the United States to study at Harvard Medical School in Boston. He studied blood diseases under the guidance of Professors Scott and Faulkner, and jointly published a paper entitled "The Treatment of Leukemia." Subsequently, the article was listed as a reference in the 3rd edition of Sissel's "Internal Medicine". At this time, Wu Shaoqing suffered from mild tuberculosis and was admitted to Dodu Sanatorium in New York to recuperate, and was able to participate in the hospital's thoracic conference as a doctor. From then on, he began to have a strong interest in pulmonology, read a large number of relevant books and documents, and deeply felt that tuberculosis seriously endangers human health and requires vigorous prevention and treatment. When his condition subsided, he returned to Boston and switched to pulmonary medicine, determined to treat many tuberculosis patients. In 1932, he politely declined the offer of his mentor and friend to stay, and resolutely returned to the motherland where he had grown up with his newly married wife in the United States, Ms. Ermac, an American head nurse who formerly worked at Nanchang Hospital in China. Still working in Nanchang Hospital, he served as director of the pulmonary department and acting president. He also founded a tuberculosis sanatorium in the western suburbs of Nanchang and regularly visited leprosy hospitals in the suburbs.

After the July 7th Incident in 1937, Japan launched a massive attack on China. Peiping, Tianjin, Shanghai, Taiyuan, Nanjing, and Wuhan fell one after another. When the Japanese army approached Jiangxi, Mrs. Wu got the help of American friends and took her son and daughter from Jiujiang back to the United States on a foreign ship. When Wu Shaoqing moved to Shanghai alone, his tuberculosis recurred. After a year of rest, he was appointed professor of pulmonology at Shanghai Medical College. At this time, Shanghai has become an "isolated island". Shanghai Medical College sent Zhu Hengbi and Ying Yuanyue to the mainland to survey the site and plan for moving inland. Then the teachers and students of the college went to Kunming in batches via Annan (now Vietnam) Haiphong. Wu Shaoqing led several students to be stationed in Hanoi, responsible for receiving teachers and students and transporting them. His scheduling skills left a deep impression on many teachers and students. Shanghai Medical College first opened its courses in Longtan, Kunming, and then moved to Geleshan, Chongqing. In addition to continuing to serve as a professor of pulmonology, Wu Shaoqing also served as the vice president of Chongqing Central Hospital for two years. In 1944, he received funding from the Rockefeller Foundation and went to the United States again to work as a researcher at Columbia University School of Medicine. He also served as an attending physician at the Department of Pulmonology at Massachusetts Memorial Hospital and Tikrod Pulmonary Hospital in Boston. He spent a lot of energy and time to carefully inspect the anti-tuberculosis institutions and facilities in the United States to gain an in-depth understanding of new developments in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis. At this time, he reunited with his wife and children after six years of absence.

In 1946, he returned to China with his family and continued to serve as a professor of pulmonology at Shanghai Medical College, where he served as a medical teacher and promoted the development of tuberculosis prevention in Shanghai and the country with great enthusiasm. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the People's Government attached great importance to the cause of tuberculosis prevention. Wu Shaoqing was extremely excited and became more actively involved in various tuberculosis prevention affairs. For decades, it has made outstanding contributions to the control of tuberculosis in China.

He has served as a director of the Chinese Medical Association, an executive director of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, a member, chairman, deputy chairman, and consultant of the Tuberculosis Scientific Society of the Chinese Medical Association, and a chairman of the Tuberculosis Scientific Society of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Consultant, deputy editor-in-chief and consultant of "Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases" and "Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases", director, director-general and vice-chairman of the Chinese Anti-Tuberculosis Association, vice-chairman of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Shanghai Deputy Chairman and Secretary-General of the Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Committee. Wu Shaoqing passed away on March 16, 1980, at the age of 85. Tuberculosis is commonly known as tuberculosis. Before the discovery of specific anti-tuberculosis drugs, tuberculosis was rampant, and tuberculosis deaths accounted for the first place in the population. At that time, people were more afraid of getting tuberculosis than they are today about getting cancer. Many people got the disease, which became a major social problem at that time. After Wu Shaoqing specialized in pulmonology in the early 1930s, he first focused on tuberculosis. In 1932, after he returned to Nanchang Hospital, in addition to strengthening tuberculosis medical work in the hospital, he founded the Xishan Tuberculosis Sanatorium in the western suburbs of Nanchang, and often called for the prevention of tuberculosis. In 1937, the Tuberculosis Scientific Society of the Chinese Medical Association was established in Shanghai, and Wu Shaoqing was elected as a member. The association was renamed the Tuberculosis Prevention Committee of the Chinese Medical Association in 1943, and he was elected as the chairman. In 1944, Wu Shaoqing went abroad to investigate tuberculosis prevention work. He returned to China in 1946. In addition to continuing to serve as a professor of pulmonology at Shanghai Medical College, he devoted most of his energy to tuberculosis prevention work. With the support of Shanghai Medical College, he first allocated several houses in the First Hospital of the Red Cross Society of China (the predecessor of today's Huashan Hospital of Shanghai Medical University), and obtained X-ray machines and other instruments from the United Nations Relief and Relief Administration to create We visited the Shanghai Pulmonary Disease Center Clinic to carry out tuberculosis prevention work.

He realized from practical experience that tuberculosis prevention work cannot be done well only by a few people in a few units. So he took an active part in reviving the China Anti-Tuberculosis Association, which had been interrupted during the Anti-Japanese War. He was elected as the Director-General, and together with Deputy Director-General Chen Xiangquan, he vigorously promoted mass anti-tuberculosis work nationwide and in Shanghai. He also mobilized and assisted other provinces, cities and some regions to restore and establish anti-tuberculosis associations. In Shanghai, he united about 200 professional doctors from Shanghai's two original tuberculosis hospitals and two lung disease clinics to organize various training courses for the city and the country, train professional medical staff, and expand the tuberculosis prevention team. According to Wu Shaoqing's policy of "focusing on inspections, and treating those who are found, they must be treated thoroughly", they used mobile vehicles equipped with micro X-ray machines to conduct collective lung health examinations for employees in some universities, factories, enterprises and some industries. , in order to achieve the purpose of early detection of cases and early treatment. They assist many factories and enterprises in setting up self-run sanatoriums (rooms), and send professional doctors and nurses to conduct regular ward rounds and visits to provide necessary guidance. This results in low costs and reasonable treatment for the patients.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination has a good effect in preventing childhood tuberculosis, especially childhood miliary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis, and has been internationally recognized. After the China Anti-Tuberculosis Association vigorously trained a group of vaccinators, it immediately implemented this work. At that time, people still lacked knowledge about BCG vaccination. Dr. Wu Shaoqing and Dr. Liu Yongchun wrote an article "The BCG Vaccine Is Harmless", which raised the awareness of many parents and reassured them that their children should receive vaccination. In order to improve the public's awareness of tuberculosis, in February 1947, the Chinese Anti-Tuberculosis Association formed a committee together with celebrities from all walks of life and relevant units in Shanghai to carry out anti-tuberculosis publicity and education and a campaign to discourage spitting.

Publicity and education adopts a variety of methods, including painting slogans on roadside telephone poles; posting posters on trains, ships, airplanes, buses and trams; and publishing articles in Chinese and foreign newspapers on anti-spitting campaigns. , broadcasts on buses, trams, and cars to discourage spitting; experts took turns giving lectures in anti-tuberculosis lecture programs on radio stations; anti-tuberculosis slides were shown before showing feature films in movie theaters; more than 300,000 people in the city were mobilized Primary school students warned pedestrians on the road not to spit. The scale and momentum of the above-mentioned activities were very large and lasted for more than 5 months. These efforts have not only achieved good results in Shanghai, but have also served as a model throughout the country.

From 1946 to 1949, Wu Shaoqing was extremely busy and devoted almost all his time and energy to the cause of tuberculosis prevention. He directly leads the daily work of the Shanghai Lung Disease Center Clinic, watches X-ray microphotographs of collective lung health examinations with the doctors, visits the outpatient clinic in person once a week, and participates in various anti-tuberculosis activities of the Shanghai Anti-Tuberculosis Association.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to strengthen the connection between the Chinese Anti-Tuberculosis Association and the Central Ministry of Health, in January 1951, the Chinese Anti-Tuberculosis Association moved from Shanghai to Beijing, and Qiu Zuyuan succeeded Wu Shaoqing. Director General position. The People's Government attached great importance to the prevention of tuberculosis. Wu Shaoqing was very excited and worked more actively to promote the prevention of tuberculosis in Shanghai and the country.

In 1951, foreign countries reported that isoniazid was effective in treating tuberculosis. In 1952, Wu Shaoqing collaborated with the Academy of Military Medical Sciences to successfully develop domestically produced isoniazid. The drug was analyzed by the pharmacology teaching and research group of Shanghai First Medical College and proved to have very low toxicity. Then, treatment studies were conducted on patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis admitted at Zhongshan Hospital, the First Hospital of the Red Cross Society of China, and the First 11th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and it was confirmed that Domestic isoniazid has high efficacy, few side effects and low price. Subsequently, Wu Shaoqing read out the research results at the Tuberculosis Scientific Society Conference of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, and wrote a paper and published it in the "Chinese Medical Journal", which led to the rapid promotion of domestic isoniazid across the country, and many tuberculosis patients received timely treatment. . He then collaborated with the Pathology Teaching and Research Group and the Microbiology Teaching and Research Group of Shanghai First Medical College to conduct research on the relationship between the resistance of tuberculosis bacteria to isoniazid and its pathogenicity. They selected patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis who were confirmed by chest X-ray, had positive sputum smears for tuberculosis bacteria and had never used any anti-tuberculosis drugs in the past as research subjects. After the patients took isoniazid, their sputum was cultured for drug resistance testing, and then they were inoculated into mice and guinea pigs. They were killed with ether at 1 month or 2 months respectively, and their spleens, livers, and The lungs and lymph nodes were examined macroscopically and microscopically. An analysis of 25 cases with complete data that had been treated with isoniazid for an average of 7 months showed that all patients with positive sputum bacteria developed drug resistance, and their clinical symptoms still improved to varying degrees. At the same time, it was confirmed that the pathogenicity of drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria to animals has also been reduced. But a few patients have differences. Wu Shaoqing believes that this difference is due to the heterogeneity of hosts and bacteria in a certain specimen. He advocated that as long as it is clinically necessary, there is no need to be restricted in administration due to the development of drug resistance in tuberculosis bacteria. This study provided a theoretical basis for the proposition that tuberculosis patients should be treated with long-term and rational anti-tuberculosis drugs. In 1957, Wu Shaoqing, as a member of the Chinese delegation, attended the 14th International Conference on Tuberculosis Prevention held in New Delhi, India. He announced the research results at the conference and received unanimous praise from the delegates present.

In order to further develop Shanghai's tuberculosis prevention work, the Shanghai Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Committee was established in 1956 under the leadership of the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau. Director Wang Yuxian of the Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau serves as the chairman, and Wu Shaoqing serves as the deputy chairman and secretary-general. Wu Shaoqing is responsible for formulating the city's unified anti-tuberculosis work plan, guiding the development of the city's anti-tuberculosis work, and integrating the three main anti-tuberculosis forces of the Shanghai Tuberculosis Hospital, the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Anti-Tuberculosis Association, and the Pulmonary Department of Shanghai First Medical College Unify business and technology to prevent tuberculosis. At the same time, he also organized a weekly medical record discussion meeting to discuss the diagnosis and treatment of difficult cases. Participants included pulmonologists and radiologists from various units.

This will greatly help improve the professional level of doctors in the city. Wu Shaoqing enthusiastically helped other units establish pulmonary departments, such as Shanghai Chest Hospital and Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, both of which received his guidance. The No. 11 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, houses many PLA soldiers suffering from tuberculosis. For three consecutive years, he organized some tuberculosis and respiratory department medical and surgical experts and doctors to use Sundays to give lectures, read films, teach, handle cases and perform surgical treatments, which improved the hospital's business level.

With the development of people's health services, the conditions for Shanghai to form a city-wide tuberculosis prevention and control network have matured. In 1956, under the leadership of the Municipal Health Bureau, the Shanghai Central Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Center was established. From 1957 to 1958, tuberculosis prevention and treatment centers were established in various districts and counties in the city to take charge of tuberculosis prevention and control work in their respective districts and counties. Since then, the city's tuberculosis prevention and control work has entered a new stage under the comprehensive planning of the Central Prevention and Treatment Institute.

According to planned sampling inspections, the prevalence of tuberculosis in Shanghai dropped from 400/100,000 in 1957 to 64/100,000 in 1990; the urban tuberculosis mortality rate dropped from 208/10 in 1951 million, dropped to 4.3/100,000 in 1990. The coverage rate of neonatal BCG vaccination continues to increase. The incidence and mortality of children with tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis have been significantly reduced year by year. In 1955, the mortality rate of children under 5 years old was 183.3/100,000. In 1980, there were no deaths. After visiting Shanghai, experts from the Asia-Pacific Tuberculosis Group of the World Health Organization and tuberculosis prevention experts from the United States, the United Kingdom and Romania praised Shanghai for its great achievements in tuberculosis prevention. These achievements were achieved under the leadership of the Communist Party of China and through the joint cooperation of the city's anti-tuberculosis workers. Of course, they are also inseparable from Wu Shaoqing's long-term hard work and suggestions.

Wu Shaoqing pointed out at the 1979 National Academic Conference on Tuberculosis Prevention and Control: Tuberculosis is still a major problem in China's current pulmonary work, and it must be solved within a certain period of time. The principle that "treatment must be thorough" must be fulfilled. The treatment is better than the other. Treatment is based on prevention. The higher the cure rate, the lighter the burden of prevention. In the future, as the prevention and control plan is strictly implemented and "combination of prevention and control" is truly achieved, the epidemic control should be completely certain. In the past half century, the rapid development of respiratory physiology research has promoted the widespread application of pulmonary function tests in the fields of internal medicine, surgery, respiratory medicine and occupational diseases. In the past, pulmonary function tests in China only had the simplest spirometry test and test constants. In 1956, Wu Shaoqing and others began to carry out pulmonary function tests, using a metabolic meter instead of a spirometer to carry out pulmonary function tests. Later, new instruments were imported one after another to conduct a series of tests on normal Chinese people such as lung capacity, ventilation function and ventilation function. Wu Shaoqing and others published 24 papers on pulmonary function testing between 1956 and 1961. They wrote and published the book "Clinical Application of Pulmonary Function Tests" in 1961. This is the first monograph on lung function in China. The book focuses on respiratory physiology, the value of pulmonary function tests, test methods, normal lung function constants, and changes in lung function in various lung diseases. At the same time, the test methods and procedures are described in great detail, and doctors in grassroots units can carry out tests with this book in hand. The book is popular across the country.

In the 1950s, there were only a handful of books on pulmonology in China, and many doctors mostly read monographs published abroad. However, the prevalence and clinical conditions of pulmonary diseases abroad were sometimes very different from the actual situation in China. Wu Shaoqing believes that China should write its own monograph, otherwise it will be extremely detrimental to the development of pulmonology. In 1959, he and other relevant experts compiled books such as "Tuberculosis" and "Practical Tuberculosis Therapeutics". He was also an editorial board member of the 1952, 1958, 1972 and 1980 editions of "Practical Internal Medicine" edited by Shanghai First Medical College, and was the chief editor of the section on respiratory diseases. These monographs played a great role in popularizing pulmonology knowledge in China.

In the early 1960s, the Pulmonary Department of Zhongshan Hospital conducted pulmonary function research on patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and accumulated a lot of data, laying the foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory failure.

In the 1970s, based on his half-century of clinical experience and profound medical knowledge, Wu Shaoqing pointed out far-sightedly: After the advent of antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis drugs, the epidemiology of lung diseases around the world has undergone great changes. Acute inflammation can be controlled to a large extent, but some cases will inevitably evolve into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The long-term effects of smoking, air pollution and various allergens have contributed to the increase in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung cancer. He believes that tuberculosis doctors should broaden their horizons and should not be limited to the narrow scope of the past, which was limited to the research of pulmonary tuberculosis.

He strongly advocates quitting smoking. At the city-wide comprehensive symposium on emphysema held by the Tuberculosis Scientific Society of the Shanghai Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, he reminded Shanghai pulmonologists to pay attention to the prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. In 1971, Premier Zhou ordered the Ministry of Health to establish an Office for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Bronchitis to provide unified leadership for the national research on the prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and pulmonary heart disease. In 1990, the World Health Organization established an agency to promote smoking cessation. These facts coincide with Wu Shaoqing's vision, indicating that the harm of smoking to chronic bronchitis has become a worldwide problem.

Wu Shaoqing wrote a lot throughout his life. He has published more than 80 papers and written nearly 10 pulmonary textbooks and reference books. His rich knowledge and experience in pulmonology have enriched the treasure house of modern Chinese medicine and made important contributions to the construction of pulmonology in China.

In the mid-1950s, he and his colleagues in the Department of Pulmonology studied the pulmonary function test technology, which was still unknown in China at that time, and succeeded. They compiled and published the book "Clinical Application of Pulmonary Function Test". In the 1960s, pulmonary function tests were conducted on patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and a lot of results and data were accumulated, laying the foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory failure. Wu is rigorous in his scholarship, conscientious in teaching, vivid in lectures, precise in expression, and highly logical. He explains basic theories and various difficult and complicated diseases in simple and easy-to-understand terms, and achieves excellent teaching results. He also enthusiastically helped brother hospitals establish pulmonary departments, train personnel, teach medical skills, conduct clinical consultations, and provide guidance and teaching. He has published more than 80 papers, including the respiratory disease section of "Practical Internal Medicine" and "Practical Tuberculosis Therapeutics". In 1956, he was named Shanghai Model Worker. Wu Shaoqing has put a lot of effort into cultivating talents. He has long served as a professor of pulmonology at Shanghai First Medical College and director of the pulmonary teaching and research group at Zhongshan Hospital. His teaching methods are original. He adopts an enlightening method and uses concise language to express the pathology, pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of lung diseases in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. The logic is strong, so the effect is excellent and he is very popular among students. He has clear requirements and a set of training methods for residents, attending physicians and fellows. He teaches through various forms such as ward rounds, case discussions, teaching discussions, and chest conferences, and is kind and enlightening. He guided the residents to read foreign literature and required them to take notes, encouraged them to write case reports, case analyses, literature reviews, etc., and personally revised their articles. He also encouraged attending physicians, graduate students and fellows to engage in research and write papers. Under his guidance, pulmonary doctors at Zhongshan Hospital published many high-quality papers in domestic magazines every year.

Shanghai First Medical College accepts 5-6 pulmonary training personnel from all over the country every year, and has never stopped for more than 20 years. The medical school also held several pulmonary function training courses. These trainees are located all over the country and have become the backbone of the company. According to statistics, the directors of pulmonary departments in 11 medical schools across the country are students of Wu Shaoqing. As for his students, more and more are serving as pulmonary department leaders and physicians in tuberculosis prevention and control institutions and general hospitals across the country. His students Wang Mingqi, Wang Deli, Zhu Rongen, etc. are all well-known pulmonary experts in the country.

In the 1960s, the Chinese monthly magazine "Abstracts of Foreign Medicine·Respiratory Diseases" was edited by the Pulmonology Teaching and Research Group of Zhongshan Hospital. Wu Shaoqing mobilized doctors above the attending physician level to write one or two abstracts every month. He personally compared the original texts and carefully corrected them to improve their ability to read English magazines and write. He has long served as deputy editor-in-chief and consultant of "Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases" and "Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases", and an editorial board member of the English version of "Chinese Medical Journal".

He attaches great importance to the quality of magazines and often reviews manuscripts and writes monographs for magazines.

He stipulated that he should write at least one scientific research paper every year, and revise each paper at least three times, and as many as five or six times. Only after the quality of the paper meets the requirements will he submit it to the outside world. Old editors in the Editorial and Publication Department of the Chinese Medical Association who have handled Wu Shaoqing's manuscripts all appreciate his strict self-discipline, which requires almost no change of a word or punctuation mark in both Chinese and English manuscripts.

In November 1979, the National Academic Conference on Tuberculosis Prevention and Control was held in Hangzhou. Wu Shaoqing went to attend the conference despite being ill and made a report. The report clarifies the key issues in controlling and eliminating tuberculosis in China and points out the direction of scientific research for pulmonary workers. The report was later published in the Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases and had a great impact.

In the two or three months before his death, Wu Shaoqing suffered from frequent angina pectoris attacks. Although he took some rest under the advice of his doctor, he would write articles as soon as his health improved slightly. Until two days before his death, he also completed the preface and a speech for the "Lecture Notes of the Respiratory Disease Training Course for Internal Medicine Directors and Attending Physicians" organized by the Logistics and Health Department of the Nanjing Military Region. On the morning of March 16, 1980, he was still guiding young doctors to translate the monograph "Basic Theory of Respiratory Diseases" (English), and invited Dr. Chen Heng from the Shanghai Tuberculosis Center Prevention and Treatment Center to report on the tuberculosis prevention and control work in Shanghai. On the afternoon of the 16th, he suffered a heart attack and passed away. The bad news spread to all parts of the country, and his friends and students everywhere who had benefited from his teachings were all grieved. He devoted his whole life to the cause of tuberculosis prevention in China. He also left a last word before his death, dedicating his body to the medical cause of the motherland.

Character resume

Born on October 21, 1895 in Chaoxian County, Anhui Province.

In 1921, he graduated from Changsha Xiangya Medical College (the predecessor of Central South University Xiangya Medical College) and received a doctorate in medicine.

From 1921 to 1929, he successively served as a resident physician and physician at the Shanghai Infectious Disease Hospital of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, Wuhu Hospital of Anhui Province, and Nanchang Hospital of Jiangxi Province.

In 1929, he went to the United States for further study at Harvard Medical School.

From 1932 to 1937, he served as director and acting president of the Pulmonary Department of Nanchang Hospital.

From 1937 to 1944, he served as professor of pulmonology at Shanghai Medical College in Shanghai, Kunming, and Chongqing, and concurrently served as vice president of Chongqing Central Hospital.

From 1937 to 1980, he served as a member, chairman, deputy chairman and consultant of the Tuberculosis Science Society of the Chinese Medical Association.

From 1944 to 1946, he went to Columbia University School of Medicine in the United States and served as a researcher in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine and an attending physician in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine at Massachusetts Memorial Hospital and Tikrod Pulmonary Hospital in Boston.

From 1946 to 1980, he served as professor and consultant of the Department of Pulmonology at Shanghai Medical College (renamed Shanghai First Medical College in 1952). He founded the Shanghai Pulmonary Disease Center Clinic and served as director. He went to Shanghai Chengzhong Lung Disease Sanatorium (Shanghai No. 1 Medical College) The predecessor of the Pulmonary Disease Hospital) guided the work.

Died in Shanghai on March 16, 1980.