What is the historical significance of the December 9th Movement?

Historical significance:

The December 9th Movement publicly exposed the plot of Japanese imperialism to invade China and annex North China, which dealt a blow to the policy of compromise and surrender of the Kuomintang government and greatly promoted the awakening of the people of China. It cooperated with the Red Army's northward resistance to Japan, and promoted domestic peace and the war of resistance against Japan. It marks the arrival of a new climax of China people's anti-Japanese democratic movement.

The patriotic actions of students in Beiping have been responded by students all over the country and supported by the people all over the country, which has formed a new upsurge of the national people's anti-Japanese democratic movement and promoted the establishment of the anti-Japanese national United front.

As Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out, the December 9th Movement "is a movement to mobilize the anti-Japanese war, to prepare ideas and cadres, and to mobilize the whole nation" and "has great historical significance".

Extended information:

Event process

1. Taking to the streets

In the early morning of December 9, 1935, the patriotic students' anti-Japanese anger erupted like a volcano. Students from Northeastern University, China University, Beiping Normal University and other schools held banners and slogans and headed for xinhua gate respectively.

Nearly 1, patriotic students from Tsinghua University and yenching university are far away from the city. When they arrived in Xizhimen, the city gate was closed by the military and police, and the petition team could not enter the city. The students of the two schools held a mass meeting in Xizhimen area to carry out anti-Japanese propaganda to nearby residents and the military and police guarding the city.

At 1: 3 in the morning, more than 1, petition teams from more than ten schools including China University, Beiping Normal University and Northeastern University gathered in front of Xinhua. Xinhua gate is closed, and there are police cars and motorcycles with machine guns in front of the door. Military police and gendarmes are armed with swords and guns.

Petitioning students hold high flags, hold banners and shout slogans of resisting Japan and saving the nation. Elected 12 representatives, including Dong Yuhua, Song Li and Yu Gang, to meet He Yingqin, and put forward six requirements, including opposing the establishment of an autonomous committee to prevent * * *, stopping the civil war and immediately releasing the arrested students.

at 11: a.m., He Yingqin's secretary, Hou Cheng, came out to meet with the students, giving them a perfunctory prevarication, and making excuses for the Kuomintang's policy of compromise with Japan and internal opposition. The students were extremely indignant at his reply and shouted "Down with the traitors" and "If the petition fails, we will demonstrate". Song Li was elected as the commander-in-chief of the parade.

when the procession approached the Pingjin garrison headquarters in Xidan archway, it was stopped and attacked by the military and police. The students are not afraid of violence, shouting the slogan of resisting Japan and saving the country, and moving on, the team is growing stronger and stronger.

Professor Xu Deheng from Peking University, Professor Wu Chengshi from China University and Mr. and Mrs. Si Nuo, who were teaching in yenching university at that time, also took part in the demonstration. Reporters from many newspapers at home and abroad accompanied the interview. When the team arrived at Wangfujing Street via Xisi, Huguo Temple, Di 'anmen and Beach, it had expanded to four or five thousand people.

The south entrance of Wangfujing Street is full of military police, waving whips and wooden sticks and beating unarmed patriotic students. The students fought with the military police and dozens of people were arrested on the spot. Under the suppression of the Kuomintang authorities, the procession was dispersed.

2. Rage of National Salvation

The anti-Japanese roar of "December 9" shocked the ancient capital Beiping and soon spread all over the world. * * * Beiping Temporary Working Committee and Beiping Students' Union summed it up in time and made arrangements for the next step.

on December 11th, students from all major schools in the city joined forces to strike. The Kuomintang authorities were extremely frightened by the patriotic actions of students in Beiping, ordered that students' patriotic actions be strictly prohibited, and sent military police to block some key schools.

The Beijing Temporary Working Committee learned that the Kuomintang authorities ignored the strong opposition of the broad masses and decided to set up the "Jicha Government Affairs Committee" on December 16th, and decided to hold a larger demonstration on that day.

In the early morning of December 16th, more than 1, patriotic students from Beiping took to the streets one after another, and a massive demonstration against Japan and national salvation broke out. The demonstration team was divided into four groups, led by Northeastern University, China University, Peking University and Tsinghua University, respectively, and marched in different directions. On the way, they broke through the blockade of the military and police and finally met at the overpass.

At 11 o'clock in the morning, more than 3, patriotic students from Beiping, workers, peasants and citizens held a citizens' meeting in Tianqiao. The flag of the venue fluttered, "Down with Japanese imperialism!" "Down with traitors and traitors!" "oppose the establishment of the government affairs Committee!" The slogan sounds one after another and resounds through the sky.

After the citizens' meeting, more than 1, patriotic students marched in the front door. The students are holding hands, chanting slogans of resisting Japan and saving the nation, and distributing leaflets to citizens and pedestrians on both sides of the street. The citizens enthusiastically supported the students' patriotic actions, some sent boiling water and food, and some joined the parade automatically.

When the procession arrived at the front door, it was stopped by a large number of military police and security teams, so patriotic students held the second citizens' meeting in Qianmen Railway Station Square. The congress decided to continue the demonstrations in the inner city and sent representatives to negotiate with the military and police to open the city gate.

In order to divide the procession, the authorities promised to let some students enter the city through the front door, but most students had to enter the city through Heping Gate and Xuanwu Gate. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Huang Jing led some students from Peking University, China University and other schools to enter the city through the front door, and the city gate was closed immediately. Students from Tsinghua University, yenching university, Northeastern University and Peiping University went to Heping Gate and Xuanwu Gate along the West River.

But the city gates have been closed, and the students tried to break down the city gates many times, but all failed. Later, after several negotiations, the military police promised to open the city gate to let students from other schools into the city on the condition that the teams of Tsinghua and yenching university were withdrawn first.

At this time, it was more than 9 o'clock in the evening. When the teams of the two schools left, all the street lights around the city went out, and a large number of military and police officers rushed at the students from all directions with knives and sticks, and many people were beaten.

Students who entered the city through the front door wanted to meet them at Xuanwu Gate. When they reached the west exit of Xidan Woolen Hutong, they were beaten by a large number of military and police, and dozens of students were chopped and the streets were covered with blood. In the "December 16th" demonstration, 22 students in the city were arrested and more than 3 were injured.

3. Supporting the patriotic struggle of Peiping students has dealt a blow to the arrogance of Japanese imperialism, exposed the traitorous behavior of the Kuomintang authorities, won the support and response of patriots from all walks of life, and promoted the anti-Japanese national salvation movement.

On December 18th, the presidents of six universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University, jointly demanded the release of the arrested students. On the same day, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions made an urgent appeal to the national workers to help the students save the country, and workers from all over the country went on strike to support the students' struggle.

On the 2th, the Central Committee of the Youth League issued a declaration calling on young students to go deep into the workers and peasants to expand the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement. Organizations from all over the country have issued telegrams and declarations in support of the patriotic movement of Peiping students. Soong Ching Ling, Lu Xun, Ma Xiangbo, Shen Junru, Wang Zaoshi, Zou Taofen, Tao Xingzhi, Zhang Naiqi, Li Gongpu, Shi Liang and other patriotic celebrities expressed their support.

Soong Ching Ling sent more than 1 yuan from Shanghai to Beiping Federation of Students as the expenses for the work of resisting Japan and saving the nation. On the night of December 18th to 19th, Lu Xun wrote an article enthusiastically praising the heroic struggle spirit of patriotic students, and sent him ardent hope that "the stone is there, and the fire will never die".

On December 26th, people from all walks of life in the Shaanxi-Gansu Soviet Area held a rally to support the anti-Japanese and national salvation movement of students in Beiping and other places. Under the influence of the patriotic movement of students in Beiping, students from all over the country responded. For a time, on both sides of the Yellow River, north and south of the great river, the horn of resisting Japan and saving the nation resounded everywhere.

After the two demonstrations, under the leadership of the Party, Beiping Students' Union set up a propaganda group to expand southward, went deep into factories and rural areas, mobilized workers, peasants and soldiers from all over the country to carry out anti-Japanese and anti-Chiang struggles, and also trained and educated patriotic students.

in p>1936, the south expansion propaganda group held a member's congress in Beiping, and formally established the vanguard of national liberation (later renamed the vanguard of Chinese national liberation), an advanced youth organization established under the leadership of the party. Its birth and development greatly promoted the in-depth development of the December 9th Movement.

under the leadership and call of the * * * production party in China, the "December 9th Movement" initiated by patriotic students in Beiping quickly swept across the country, which greatly promoted the awakening of the people in China and marked the arrival of a new climax of the people's anti-Japanese democratic movement in China.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-129 Movement.