How to recite English words

1. How to cultivate interest in memorizing words? \x0d\　The reasons for any interest are nothing more than two types: one is utilitarian, and the other is pure fun. If you want to think about CET-6, take 20 sets of real questions from the past ten years and dig out the original texts of reading and listening; \x0d\ Check them out one by one, and memorize them all carefully except for the more academic vocabulary. \x0d\　You will find that the repetition rate of new words in each set of papers is very high, and every new word is very useful. If it's not for exams, but because of interest, then buy your favorite book. Some people like "Harry Potter"; some people like "Sense and Sensibility" and "Wuthering Heights", and Some people like The Economist. Because you like it, you really want to understand it, so when you see a new word blocking the way, you get angry and must destroy it. So you want to find out who is ugly and Yinmao, and you want to memorize it. \x0d\　If you have no goals and enthusiasm for the above two things, then don’t memorize the words. There are many scholars in the world, and they don’t necessarily have to vent their anger on English. \x0d\　2. How many words can you memorize before you become free? \x0d\　Learning English is a term of imprisonment. When you will be released from prison is related to your vocabulary reserve. Once you reach that point, you will break out of the atmosphere, float up, and be released! \x0d\ The Collins Dictionary series has a word bank, which is a thesaurus, and proposes a "95% theory": words are graded and marked in the dictionary according to a five-star to one-star standard, and it is claimed that if you memorize them all, you will be able to 95% %Reading done! \x0d\　That is to say, when reading, you can reach a level where only five out of every 100 words are unknown. \x0d\ Later, I was impressed by many papers written by New Zealand linguistics expert Paul Nation. He said, 98% is enough. 98% means that for every 50 words you read, you will not recognize one, which basically does not affect your reading. \x0d\ Based on the average of 13 words in an English line, there is only one new word in four lines, that’s right! The standard of 95% is still not enough. One of the 20 words is unknown, which means that within two lines, you will encounter an unknown word and you will not be able to read it! \x0d\After a lot of research, Paul Nation concluded that in order to reach the 98% standard, you need to master 9,000 words to read novels and 8,000 words to read newspapers. \x0d\　I strongly agree with this point of view. Generally speaking, everyone's vocabulary should be around 3,000, so you still need to memorize 6,000 words. \x0d\　3. What is the purpose of memorizing words? \x0d\　 We often say that we should never forget our original aspirations. We are obviously Chinese, so we must speak foreign languages ??and memorize foreigners’ vocabulary when we have nothing to do. What do we want to do? What is your original intention? \x0d\　My original intention is either to pass the exam or to enjoy English itself. But in any case, to apply what you have learned, mastering words is to understand the text, to use it in the two input activities of reading and listening, and to quickly and accurately grasp the main idea that the other party wants to express. \x0d\　There has never been a word test in a pure sense. English tests are all conducted based on words in the context of the overall language. \x0d\　Take TOEFL reading as an example. If candidates want to answer the questions correctly, the most critical skill is to quickly and accurately identify the main idea of ??the article and figure out what the article is about. \x0d\　 Grasp the center of the full text, grasp the general idea of ??the paragraph, and sort out the general context of the article - if you can do these, the question will not be difficult to answer. There are two problems that affect candidates' ability to accurately grasp the main points. \x0d\　First, the examinee's ability to interpret long sentences is weak. After there are attributive clauses, participles, preposition-object structures and other insertions between the subject, predicate and object, the sentence structure becomes complicated and the examinee cannot see the main body of the sentence. \x0d\　In this aspect, everyone needs to sort out their grammar knowledge and do some recitation and translation exercises. Another problem is insufficient vocabulary mastery. \x0d\　 Some candidates simply don’t know the meaning of a certain word when they see it. Others are even more troublesome, mistaking A for B, or not knowing that A also has the meaning of A2, A3, and A4. \x0d\ To fully grasp the meaning of words, what everyone needs to do is to accurately interpret the meaning of the word "here" in the context of the context.

\x0d\　In sentences like "The king and the queen are the leading figures of the age", figure does not mean "number", "figure" or "image", but "character", and age does not mean "age", but " era". \x0d\　This is not a problem that can be solved by memorizing the list in the vocabulary book. In sentences such as "The king of France used every means to push French territory to the southern Mediterranean", candidates must understand that the meaning here has nothing to do with "meaning", but the meaning of "means". \x0d\ Another problem that everyone has when learning English words is that they regard contrast as contact, and cease as ease; \x0d\ Or they cannot understand "this country is better than that country" The meaning of "considerably" in "considerably wealthier" (considerably here has nothing to do with "consider", but means "extremely, very"). \x0d\　 Memorizing words is not simply memorizing a list, but returning to the embrace of the original text. Foreigners say: "No context, no text." Only in context can words be alive and vivid. \x0d\　4. What kind of words should be memorized? \x0d\　Usually we can divide vocabulary into the following four categories. \x0d\　First, it is a very popular vocabulary. Beijingers say "Bian'er", which means "goodbye". This word is a bit like slang in English. Not everyone understands it, and not everyone can use it. \x0d\　Beijing Foreign Studies University Professor Chen Dezhang wrote in the book "I heard him driving his pigs to market" (I heard him snoring). \x0d\　 During the years when I was working as a translator, no one said anything like this to me, and I didn’t dare to say it to others. Why? Because it's slang. If you do not understand the background culture thoroughly enough, you should not dare to use this type of expression. \x0d\　The second is spoken vocabulary. For example, the rhetorical interrogative sentences that we rarely say and that foreigners like are very characteristic of spoken language. \x0d\For another example, when Chinese people say "fire", the most popular way of saying it is "to get fired". Foreigners often say "be fired" in spoken language, and the more popular way of saying it is "get the ax", which is more slang. \x0d\　The third is relatively formal and academic vocabulary. Most of our word problems arise in this aspect. We usually say get worse, while foreigners use deteriorate in the news. \x0d\　We think telling the difference is enough, but foreigners insist on using distinguish. It means "experience". Although experience is also used in TOEFL reading, undergo is often used. \x0d\　It means "appear", you can use either appear or emerge. To express "the power of emperors and generals (especially political and military power)", you should use might. At this time, please do not understand the meaning of might as "possible". \x0d\　The fourth is subject terminology. This type of vocabulary mainly refers to terms in a certain profession. For example, the word tuck means "tuck in the quilt" in spoken language. This meaning is very common in American TV dramas. \x0d\　There is a sentence in the football rules: "The player should tuck the shirt into the shorts." (The top must be tucked into the shorts.) In this sentence, the meaning of tuck is slightly more literal. \x0d\ But when the football coach was directing the training, he shouted to the four defenders: "Tuck in!" This is a professional term, which means "tuck in, tuck in!" There are many subject vocabulary in the TOEFL test, such as chlorophyll (Chlorophyll), the Pleistocene (Pleistocene), etc. If you are not engaged in these majors, you can generally get a feel for the meaning of these words through the context. \x0d\ Therefore, my advice to everyone is that if you don’t understand the relevant culture, it is recommended not to learn slang words. \x0d\　In American dramas, especially those that are more life-oriented, there are many slang words. Don’t learn this.

Spoken vocabulary must be learned and easy to use. When Chinese people go abroad, their pronunciation is not standard and they would be suffocated without spoken language. \x0d\ As for subject terminology, after clarifying what tests to take and what work to do, you can decide whether to study, how much to study, and how deep to study according to needs and relevant requirements. \x0d\ Most of the 6,000 or so words that everyone doesn’t master well are written, formal, and academic words that are common in foreign school textbooks, reading materials, newspapers, and magazines. Therefore, this type of vocabulary is the focus of everyone’s memory. \x0d\　5. If I memorize these 6,000 words, am I a great person? \x0d\　The answer to this question is "No". The shorter the words and the more pleasing their appearance, the more popular they will be with foreigners. Therefore, they add new meanings to these words at every turn. \x0d\For example, the word spring means "spring" when I first saw it. Until the 18th time I saw it, it still meant "spring". Then one day I was watching Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" and the word suddenly changed to mean "spring". \x0d\ When we met for the 27th time, this word appeared on the drink bottle, which means "spring water". This is really devastating. \x0d\　These 6,000 words are like two types of people. One type is good people. All the explanations of this type of words actually mean the same thing, but they show different aspects in different contexts. \x0d\　There is also a category of bad people. These words have many meanings. At first glance, they have nothing to do with each other, so it is not easy to remember them. \x0d\For example, the word speculation originally means "guessing." Later, when I read business articles, I found that it also means "speculating." \x0d\ I did a TOEFL reading two days later. The article talked about Europe in the 12th century. It said that Southern Europe was a talent center at that time, and all disciplines were blooming, including science, mathematics, poetry, law, historical documents, translation, and religious speculation. , I searched for a long time and found that this phrase originally meant "religious thinking". \x0d\ If I hadn’t encountered these three meanings on different occasions, I would have written down what they meant each time. It would be difficult to quickly react to their meanings just by guessing. \x0d\　So to master these 6,000 words, conservatively speaking, you have to remember 15,000 meanings, which is not much different from memorizing the same number of words. \x0d\　6. How to memorize words? \x0d\　 He holds the Collins Bilingual Dictionary in his left hand, and a long notebook in his right hand, with an article he wants to read in the middle. \x0d\　This is equivalent to holding a fork in your left hand and a knife in your right hand, but the key is that you have to like the plate of Western food in the middle. Dig out the real questions, find out the original reading articles and listening texts, and look them up every time you see a new word that appears frequently. \x0d\　If it is a novel, open the first page and read on. If there are more than eight new words to you, you should not read this book. \x0d\　Because the author of this book wants to show that the writing level is much higher than your current reading ability. You should change to a down-to-earth book, otherwise you won't be able to read it at all. \x0d\　Would you like to read a novel and look up 60 words before getting out of the first three pages? There are eight protagonists, and one has just appeared. Before the monologue, stream of consciousness, etc. are finished, 60 new words have already appeared. Life is worse than death! \x0d\ Therefore, it is best to get a book that meets your English level. There should be no more than eight new words on the first page, so you can reach it by standing on tiptoe. \x0d\ Don’t get angry when you see a new word. Don’t look it up when you see it for the first time. You have to force out the total amount of reading this night. This is called intensive reading with extensive reading. \x0d\　 Wait until the word appears for the second time before checking it. This means that it is a high-frequency word and you must check it. This is called intensive reading in extensive reading. \x0d\　 Thick and thin, thin and thick, both quality and quantity. If a new word pops up once, click it once if you're in a good mood, and leave it if you're not. \x0d\　7. There are so many messy explanations for one entry, what should you write down in the notebook? \x0d\　A word has many meanings, but everyone should remember that only two meanings are recorded in the notebook: the first meaning of the word in the entry and its current meaning in the context. \x0d\　Treat each word as kindly as sowing seeds, give it air, sunshine and water, that is, remember its pronunciation, meaning and collocation. In this way, you plant it in your mind.

\x0d\　8. What do you remember about the pronunciation? \x0d\ When memorizing pronunciation, the focus of memory is the stress, the pronunciation of the vowels in the word, and the strange sounds that deviate from the pronunciation rules, which can be simplified into "heavy, yuan, strange". \x0d\ For example, the word editorial needs to be accented on the letter t, otherwise it is easy to mispronounce it. Another example is that I have mispronounced "fundamental" for several years. The a in da should be pronounced [?], not [i]. You can mark this vowel. \x0d\ At the same time, I would like to remind everyone not to copy the phonetic symbols of each word. This will waste time and easily miss the key points. \x0d\　9. How to use word frequency? \x0d\ When memorizing words, you need to know which words are worth memorizing and which words are too low-frequency. It is very likely that if you meet them now, you will never see them again in this life. \x0d\ There are many versions of Collins Dictionary, and the best version uses five stars to mark word frequency. Five stars is the highest frequency, and one star is the lowest frequency. \x0d\ That day I took my students to look up the word "available" and found that its word frequency was five stars, which is the same level as "the" and more common than the four-star "apple". We were both devastated, and the student hurriedly memorized vocabulary examples and sentences. \x0d\　10. How to remember the meaning and collocation of words? \x0d\　Do you want to memorize the English explanation of the word? This requires comparing the Chinese interpretation with the English interpretation, and there is no certain rule. \x0d\ For example, for the word sparrow, it would be good if everyone can remember the meaning of "sparrow". Its English explanation is "a small brown bird, very common in many parts of the world". If you only look at this English explanation, it is estimated that Even if you think about it for a long time, you can't figure out what kind of bird you are talking about. \x0d\ When everyone remembers the meaning, they should compare the Chinese definition and the English definition, which one is easier to remember, and which one is more meaningful after being remembered. \x0d\　To remember the collocation of words is to remember what comes before and after the word. There is no need to copy down the example sentences. Only by knowing what the length of the word goes with can we know where and how to use the word. \x0d\　11. Don’t always go back and look up the same word. \x0d\　When I was in college, I liked to read English novels. When I encountered a word I didn’t know, I would look it up in the dictionary, which made me very discouraged. I had a habit at the time of looking up the word and marking it in the dictionary. \x0d\ Later I discovered that I always went back to check the marked words, mainly because I didn’t memorize the pronunciation, meaning, and collocation of the words at once. \x0d\　Of course, we can look up a word repeatedly, but we must ensure that you remembered one side of it last time, and this time you need to turn it around again and remember the other side. \x0d\For example, content is followed by with, which means "having to deal with it"; content is followed by for, which means "fighting"; content is followed by that, which means "claim, assert". \x0d\　12. When do you remember a word? \x0d\　To remember words, two opportunities are needed. \x0d\　First, you discovered it while reading, "planted" it in the notebook, and gave it air, sunlight and water, and it took root and sprouted. \x0d\　On the second and third days, you saw it again, and you could immediately react to its meaning, and you will never forget it. \x0d\Second, not all the words you "plant" will have the opportunity to encounter them in the future, so you have to rely on "output" to remember them. \x0d\　That is to say, you memorize the words in the notebook back and forth. Sometimes you write and draw, and output them on the paper. Sometimes you mutter the words and spit on the notebook. \x0d\　After completing the process of inputting through the eyes, saving in the brain, and finally outputting with the hands and mouth, the word will soon be yours. Looking forward to meeting you by chance. \x0d\　13. Do all words have to be memorized with such pain and hatred? \x0d\　Effective methods of memorizing words all have the same characteristic, that is, coming from the context and returning to the context. The middle process requires you to be busy yourself. \x0d\　If you work hard for it, it will never leave you. Treat it one at a time, look at it carefully and study it. \x0d\ Those lists look so cute, but you didn’t look up the words. If you “kiss” the other person’s forehead hundreds of times a night, they won’t treat you sincerely, and of course you won’t be able to remember them. Live them.

\x0d\　14. Is it enough for me to memorize it so carefully? \x0d\　Whether reading an article or taking a test, in many cases, candidates cannot understand the meaning of the article, not because they do not know a certain word, but mainly because they encounter the following four situations: \x0d\　①All words are I know it, but I can’t understand it when I put it into a sentence; ② Misrecognition of close-form words, for example, compose\x0d\ (include) is regarded as compose\x0d\ (composition); ③ Familiar words have unfamiliar meanings, and only the meaning of the word is seen One side, but I don’t know that it has another side or sides; ④ I am not familiar with the phrase. I originally knew the individual words, but when combined into a phrase, I don’t recognize it and it has a new meaning. \x0d\　Fight hard against the above four situations, sort out clear clues from the confusion in your head, and carefully memorize the sound, form, and meaning of each word without missing a word. This is tiring work and a big test. \x0d\　15. How long does it take to pass the word level? \x0d\　 If you read a 200-300 page English book for two weeks, for an average of four hours a night, you will probably read 20-30 pages a day, and memorize 2-3 words per page on average. You can memorize it after reading a book. Live 600 high-frequency words. \x0d\　In this way, 52 books can be read in two years, totaling more than 30,000 words. After deducting a 50% repetition rate, it means 15,000. \x0d\　 Another pat on the head, equivalent to 6,000 words, plus the original high school vocabulary, it should reach 9,000~10,000 words. \x0d\ Generally speaking, if you can commit to spending four hours a day studying English with concentration, and follow the above rhythm, you can basically achieve language freedom in two years. It’s just that many times, we don’t stick to it. \x0d\　You said two years is too long. Then extend the time you spend studying English every day. It can’t be less than a year at the earliest, otherwise the things you master will not be solid. \x0d\　If you set specific goals, start English learning earlier. I have been working in the English training industry for almost 13 years, and I have met many English learners. In addition to the goals of major exams, such as the college entrance examination, TOEFL, and IELTS, few of them have seriously persisted in studying English for two years. Always expect quick results and give up if they don’t work in the short term. This is a taboo in learning English.