Why is Anhui better than Jiangxi?

In ancient Huizhou, there were one prefecture and six counties, namely Shexian, Yixian, Xiuning, Qimen, Jixi and Wuyuan. The prefecture was in Shexian. It is true that Wuyuan people say that they are from Huizhou, but they mean the ancient Huizhou prefecture and six counties, not the concept of Anhui Province! During the famous Return to Anhui Movement in Wuyuan, the slogan even read: Return to Huizhou, which shows the people's identification with Huizhou!

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In the history of Chinese administrative divisions, "Anhui" The emergence of the term probably began in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty in the mid-seventeenth century. At that time, the province was named after the first characters of the two most important prefectures in the territory. Among them, Anqing Prefecture was the political center of Anhui Province, while Huizhou Prefecture was world-famous for its commerce and culture.

Looking at the map of the Qing Dynasty, Huizhou Prefecture is located in the southern part of Anhui Province. The southwest corner of the prefecture protrudes deeply into Jiangxi Province, so the late Qing geography work "The Song of Provincial Governments, Prefectures and Counties in the Imperial Dynasty" "Kuo" says: "Huizhou Prefecture is in the extreme south of the province. It has six counties under its jurisdiction, headed by She, Xiuning Qimen, Wuyuan corner, and Jixi Prefecture in the north and west." This is a poetic description of the geographical location of one prefecture and six counties in Huizhou. A summary of the image. Among the six counties under the jurisdiction of Huizhou Prefecture, She County is the first county and is the seat of Huizhou Prefecture, while Wuyuan County is located in the southwest "corner" of the entire Huizhou Prefecture.

In the 1930s and 1940s, due to disputes between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, Wuyuan was merged into Jiangxi twice. The first time was in 1934. Out of Chiang Kai-shek’s so-called need to suppress bandits, Wuyuan was placed under the jurisdiction of Jiangxi Province for the first time. This aroused strong dissatisfaction among the people of Huizhou. Ziyang Academy in Wuyuan County and the Wuyuan hometown associations in Lujing, Luhu, Lu (Wu) Xi, Luxiu (Ning) and other places spoke out and requested to be exempted from the change of affiliation. In an open letter to Chiang Kai-shek, they emphasized: Wuyuan is located in the upper reaches of Huizhou and is the gateway to Huizhou. It has been affiliated to Huizhou since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has lasted for more than a thousand years. From the perspective of culture, military, economy and people's livelihood, it is integrated with Huizhou and inseparable.

Zhu Xi is the pride of Huizhou people. Huizhou people have exerted a subtle influence on him, and Huizhou has become a state of ethics and is famous far and wide. In this context, Wuyuan, Zhu Xi's ancestral home, is particularly important to Huizhou people. Its importance is like Qufu to Shandong and Luoyang to Henan. It is a symbol of the cultural spirit of Anhui province. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there has been a saying in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River that "no town can be built without Huizhou". This shows that Huizhou has developed commerce and has many overseas compatriots. Huizhou guild halls have been set up in various places. These guild halls all worship Zhu Xi to strengthen the business of one prefecture and six counties. The sincere unity of the gang. Once Wuyuan is transferred to Jiangxi, it will undoubtedly be a serious blow to Huizhou's business culture and will completely disintegrate the Huizhou business gangs that once dominated the Chinese business community.

The above points were refuted one by one by Chiang Kai-shek, but the Wuyuan people's lobbying was still in full swing. In 1946, the Wuyuan County Senate conspired together to launch the "Return to Anhui Movement" and forwarded a petition to Chiang Kai-shek through Hu Shi (a native of Jixi, Huizhou), prompting the Ministry of Interior of the National Government to send personnel to Wu for inspection. Regarding this, "Hu Shi's Oral Autobiography" translated and annotated by Tang Degang said: "Wuyuan has a long-standing historical relationship with Huizhou in Anhui Province. The residents are proud of it and do not want to leave their home province, so they opposed it; and launched a (Wuyuan Return to Anhui) Movement."

The reaction among the people at that time was extremely fierce. A villager in Hongguan Village, Northeast Township, Wuyuan County told me that in 1947, there was a couplet at the gate of the school he attended: "The man wants to return to Anhui. , Women must return to Anhui, men and women must return to Anhui; if they are born, they will not be affiliated with Gan, and if they die, they will not be affiliated with Gan. In life and death, they will never be affiliated with Gan." Some slogans even said: "The head can be cut off, the blood can be shed, and I swear not to return to Anhui. "I'd rather be an Anhui ghost than a Jiangxi native"

At that time, a Song Dynasty commissioner from Anhui visited Wuyuan, Jiangxi. When passing through Zheling, the people of Wuyuan placed a monument with the words "Wu Chu Branch" ( It is the boundary monument between Anhui and Jiangxi. The original monument is now in the Wuyuan County Museum, and the replica is still on Zhejiang Ridge.

Due to the fierce public backlash, Wuyuan was finally transferred back to Anhui in August 1947. It is said that the original price of Jiangxi salt in the county was 2.7 cents. After Wuyuan returned to Anhui, it suddenly became 1.9 cents. Therefore, the people were very happy and thought it was really a good idea to return to Anhui!

In 1949, as Wuyuan and northeastern Jiangxi and other areas were liberated by the "Second Fields" of the People's Liberation Army, the Huizhou area centered on Tunxi was taken over by the "Three Fields" troops.

Under the system of separation of the military control committees of the two armies, Wuyuan County was separated from Anhui again in May of the same year, and Wuyuan was once again forcibly included in Jiangxi and belonged to Fuliang Prefecture.

In the past fifty years, the organizational structure of Huizhou has changed many times. Huangshan City is now located in Tunxi. In addition to Wuyuan, which still belongs to Jiangxi, Jixi County has also been transferred to the adjacent Xuancheng area. One prefecture and six counties in old Huizhou have been divided into two provinces and several districts. Despite this, many people in Wuyuan and Jixi, especially the elderly, still identify themselves as Huizhou people. They believe that the culture of Wuyuan and Jixi is an indispensable and important part of Huizhou culture, and Huizhou is still their spiritual homeland that they cannot let go of. Today, Wuyuan is extremely rich in natural landscapes and cultural landscapes, and many of the newly built whitewashed walls and black tiles are still full of Huizhou flavor, even more so than in the core area of ??Huizhou today. It is very intuitive to see that Wuyuan people attach great importance to traditional Huizhou. Cultural persistence.

In addition, tea is one of the important products in southern Anhui. As early as the Tang Dynasty, Shezhou (the predecessor of Huizhou Prefecture after the Song Dynasty) Wuyuan, Qimen and neighboring Raozhou, Fuliang and Dexing. The county is rich in tea, and the square tea in this area was sold to various places in the north. This is the background of what Bai Juyi wrote about the merchant woman in Xunyangjiangtou who said she "went to Fuliang to buy tea the month before last." By the Qing Dynasty, Huizhou's "Qihong Tunlu" was the most famous. "Qihong" refers to the black tea produced in Qimen, while "Tunlu" refers to the green tea processed and exported from Tunxi. In the Qing Dynasty, Tunxi was an important commercial town in southern Anhui. Most of the green tea exported from Tunxi came from Wuyuan. Therefore, it is not surprising that contemporary writers taste the taste of Huangshan tea in Anhui and Wuyuan tea in Jiangxi that "the teas of the two places are the same, and the cultures of the two places are also close", because the two are originally the same thing.

In January 2008, the Huizhou Cultural and Ecological Protection Experimental Zone named by the Ministry of Culture was officially awarded. Wuyuan County was included in the protection scope of the experimental zone and was awarded the "Wuyuan·Huizhou Cultural and Ecological Protection Experimental Zone" signage. This is a very meaningful episode in the history of Wuyuan after the Anhui Movement.