Why did Korea move its capital to Seoul?

On the morning of June 5438+1October 65438+March, 2004, South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun signed three bills in Cheongwadae, the Presidential Palace, namely, the Special Law on New Administrative Capital, the Special Law on Decentralization and the Special Law on Balanced National Development, and announced that these three bills would take effect immediately. At this point, South Korea's capital relocation project will be officially launched. According to the provisions of relevant laws, South Korea will select the new site of the future administrative capital before the end of this year, formulate the construction plan and start land acquisition; In the second half of 2007, ground was officially broken; 20 12 the central administrative organs moved into the new capital one after another; In 2030, the new administrative capital was finally built. By then, the history of South Korea will turn a new page with a city in Chungcheongnam-do in the south as its administrative capital. In 2002, when Roh Moo-hyun made the "administrative capital migration" public as a "campaign platform", not many people took it seriously; In February 2003, after taking office as president, Lu put it into the "governance topic", but few people believe that it can really be realized. However, before the end of 65438 on February 29th last year, the South Korean National Assembly passed the Special Law on the New Administrative Capital by an overwhelming majority, thus making the "moving the capital" regarded as "the Arabian Nights" a reality. It is not only unexpected, but also reasonable that Seoul's "obesity" and "moving the capital" bills were passed so smoothly. The proposal of "moving the capital" is not accidental, and there is reason to support "moving the capital" Seoul to become the capital of the Republic of Korea on 1948, which has played a great role in the economic take-off and national strength improvement of South Korea for more than half a century. However, the "unbalanced development strategy" has also made Seoul's burden too heavy, leading to premature aging and patient-ridden, which is difficult to continue to carry forward in the 2 1 century. At the same time, the concentration of population and economic power in Seoul has become increasingly serious and has reached a critical point. The population of the "Capital Circle" centered on Seoul has quadrupled in the past 40 years. It only accounts for 1 1.8% of the country's land area, but it concentrates 47.2% of the country's population, far higher than that of developed countries such as Japan, France and Britain. Areas with dense centers only account for 2% of the national territory, while the permanent population accounts for 39. 1% of the national territory. The central administrative organs concentrated in the capital circle, especially Seoul, account for 83.6%, the headquarters of 100 large enterprises account for 9 1%, the headquarters of public and private enterprises account for 83.2%, manufacturing enterprises account for 56.4%, and famous universities account for 65%; According to GDP, employed population, deposits and loans, taxes and other indicators, the proportion of the total economic output of the capital circle in 2000 has reached 52.6%. Obviously, Seoul's "one head sinking" is too heavy. Excessive concentration of economic power in the capital not only greatly restricts the effective operation of the capital, but also seriously affects the balanced development of the country's overall economy, undermines the effective allocation of economic resources and factors, and widens the gap between the capital and the local, local and local. Compared with the prosperity of Seoul Circle, local development has been neglected, leading to "emotional opposition" and social instability among regions. Korean nationals have long been looking forward to changing the unreasonable phenomenon of the widening gap between Seoul and the local rich and poor. The increasingly serious "hypertrophy" has aggravated the aging and patients in Seoul. The soaring land price makes it difficult for people to "dream of living in peace", and the residential penetration rate in Seoul is the lowest in the country; More than 2 million cars have caused a "traffic hell" in Seoul, with an average speed of 16.6 km, which is nearly half slower than that in the 1980s. The economic losses caused by traffic jams and traffic accidents reach 10.5 trillion won every year. Seoul's environmental pollution ranks first in the country, and its carbon dioxide emissions are 40% higher than those in other places. More than 95% of the "ozone warnings" are issued in the metropolitan area. People are deeply worried about the future fate of Seoul. In addition to economic and social factors, security considerations are also an important driving factor for moving the capital. Although the authorities are secretive about the future safety factor of Seoul, in fact, this has long been unknown. Some scholars and experts pointed out that it is imperative for the United States to adjust the deployment of US troops in South Korea. With the withdrawal of American troops north of the Han River to central South Korea, Seoul, which is only 40 kilometers away from the temporary military demarcation line in the north, will lose its previous security protection. Once something happens, Seoul will bear the brunt and the national foundation will be threatened. Security reasons add another layer of persuasiveness to the legitimacy of "moving the capital". In fact, "moving the capital" was not initiated by Roh Moo-hyun. As early as 197 1, Kim Dae-jung put forward the campaign convention of "building a new administrative capital" and was "the first person to eat crabs". From 65438 to 0977, when park chung-hee was in power, he presided over the formulation of the Temporary Administrative Capital Construction Plan and entered the research stage; From 65438 to 0987, during the period of President Quan Doo-hwan, the "City Cultivation Plan of Daejeon Administrative Center" was formulated, and the central administrative institutions of government procurement department, railway department and other departments 10 were moved to Daejeon. The problem of "moving the capital" has been repeatedly raised, which shows the legitimacy and urgency of solving this problem from one side. As soon as the proposition of "moving the capital" of South Korea was put forward, two camps for and against it immediately appeared, forming sharp opposition. The opposition party, the media and a considerable number of citizens are on the opposite side. They may hold demonstrations or sit-ins to express their opposition. They hung a huge slogan on the parliament building in Hancheng: "Swear to the death against moving the capital!" " "This is shocking. People have made their own interpretation of "moving the capital" from their respective positions and put forward different reasons for opposition. Opposition politicians believe that "moving the capital" is a "political show" for Roh Moo-hyun to win votes and a "strategy" for seeking long-term governance. Li Haichang, Lu's main political opponent, once accused "moving the capital" for "winning votes in Chungcheongnam-do" and "being a rash move to seek political self-interest". The opposition party threatened to resolutely stop and defeat the "evil deeds" of "moving the capital". Economists and business opponents believe that "moving the capital" may lead to a sharp drop in real estate prices in the capital circle, resulting in "hollowing out" of industries, uneven development of new regions, and economic losses outweigh benefits. Those Seoul citizens who own real estate are worried that their interests will be damaged and become allies to support this idea. Opponents in the administrative and diplomatic circles believe that Seoul is an ancient capital with a history of 600 years. As the political, economic and cultural center of South Korea, it has established its status as a world-class city. "Moving the capital" may lead to the decrease of South Korea's "international recognition" and damage its international status. There are still many opponents who raise objections from the perspective of future national reunification. They believe that the unified capital should be located in the center of the whole peninsula, not in the south of South Korea. In all respects, Seoul is still the best choice; They advocate that the capital issue should be considered after reunification. In the face of strong opposition, Roh Moo-hyun's government's approach is: talk less and do more, actively guide and win public opinion. In the 10 month since taking office, * * * held 90 public seminars, hearings, TV seminars and reports, and set up a special website to listen to people's opinions. At the same time, the planning group, support group and advisory Committee of relevant institutions were established, and the "site selection standard" for the new capital was formulated; Then, Congress passed the Special Law on the New Administrative Capital, which provided legal protection for "moving the capital", which was a crucial step. Seoul means Seoul ~ ~ was originally translated into Seoul in China ~ ~ and later translated directly into Seoul according to the transliteration of Seoul, instead of moving to Seoul. Now Seoul is still the original Seoul.