Peaches are infested, but corn pesticides can't be used.

Available, peach pests generally have the following kinds:

(1) Earth tiger (also known as ground silkworm, ground silkworm and root cutter)

1. Living habits: The first generation of larvae generally do serious harm to cutworms, and the living habits and harmful habits of larvae of different ages are different. The first and second instar larvae move around the clock and feed on harvested leaves or tender leaves; After the third instar, it is harmful to hide in the soil during the day and move at night, biting off the tender stems at the base of the seedlings, resulting in lack of seedlings; The drug resistance of larvae is greatly enhanced after the fourth instar, and the larvae should be eliminated by chemical control before the third instar.

2. Factors affecting the occurrence of ground tigers: rainy autumn is the occurrence and omen of two kinds of ground tigers. Early spring is rainy in February-March, and rainy in April. At this time, when the larvae just hatch or are in the first or second instar, it is beneficial to the occurrence of ground tigers, and the first generation of larvae may be seriously harmful. On the contrary, from mid-April to early May, there were many rainy days and heavy rainfall above moderate rain, resulting in a large number of deaths of the first and second instar larvae, and the first generation larvae may be less harmful.

3, prevention and control methods

In order to control the black cutworm, it is necessary to take measures such as moth trapping, weeding, chemical agents and manual control.

① Killing adults: Killing adults is the best way to control ground tigers, which can greatly reduce the number of the first generation larvae. The method is to trap and kill with black light and sweet and sour liquid.

② Eradication and weeding: Weeds are the main place for adults to lay eggs and an important way for larvae to transfer to corn seedlings. Thoroughly eradicate weeds before maize emergence, remove feed or compost from the field in time, and don't throw it about. Eliminating weeds will effectively reduce the population base.

③ Pesticide control: After emergence, the suitable period of pesticide application is 0.5 insect hours per square meter on average.

Selecting coated seeds or chemical agents for seed dressing: you can use carbofuran seed coating agent for seed dressing, and the amount of seed dressing is 1% of the weight of corn seeds. 350-500 kg of seeds can also be mixed with 0.5 kg of 50% phoxim emulsion and 30-50 kg of water.

Poisonous soil: 0.5 kg of 65438+3% carbofuran granules for standby use, or 0.5 kg of 50% methamidophos emulsion per mu and 40 kg of fine soil for mixed application. Poison bait trapping and killing: it is better to trap and kill larvae over 4 years old with poison bait. Dissolve 0.5 kg of 90% trichlorfon in hot water, add about 5 kg of clear water, spray it on fried oil residue (which can also be replaced by cottonseed hull), and stir well. Use 4-5 kilograms of poison bait per mu and sprinkle it at night.

(2) Corn borer

Corn borer, also known as corn borer, is a worldwide corn pest. Corn borer is a polyphagous pest with many host plants, and its main crops are corn, sorghum and millet.

1. Symptom identification: The larvae of corn borer are borers, and the typical symptom is that after the heart leaves are eaten, the unfolded corn leaves appear neat rows of small holes. After the male ear is pulled out, the larvae of corn borer drill into the male flower, which often breaks the base of the male flower. After the emergence of the female ear, the larvae move to the female ear, feed on filaments and tender buds, feed on the ear shaft or feed on young grains. Other larvae eat the stem from between the stem and the leaf sheath, and feed on the pith, which makes the stem easily broken by strong wind. The damaged plants are not full of seeds, wither prematurely, and some ears are even seedless, which seriously reduces production.

2. Living habits: The corn borer can produce 1-6 generations a year due to different climatic conditions. The larvae overwinter in corn stalks and corncobs, and some larvae overwinter in weed stalks, with extremely irregular occurrence periods and overlapping generations.

3. Factors of pest occurrence:

① Population base: A large population base often causes serious harm under suitable environmental conditions. ② Temperature and humidity: Corn borer is suitable for growth and development under high temperature and high humidity. The optimum temperature for the growth and development of each insect state is 16-30℃, and the relative humidity is above 60%. Corn borer mainly occurs in June-September. ③ Corn varieties: Different corn varieties suffer great differences. There is a moth-proof substance butyl cloth in corn tissue. Adults lay eggs on corn varieties with high butyl content, and the mortality rate of hatched larvae is high. The tissue morphology of some maize varieties can prevent adults from laying eggs and reduce the harm of moths. For example, the hair on the petiole is long and dense, and the moth damage is very light. (4) Natural enemies: There are many kinds of natural enemies of corn borer, and Trichogramma has a great inhibitory effect on corn borer.

4, prevention and control methods

(1) Prevention and control during the overwintering period: Most of the corn borer larvae overwinter in corn stalks and corncobs, and pupate in them in the following spring. Before the end of April, the population base of overwintering insects can be reduced by burning corn stalks and corncobs as fuel or crushing them as feed to eliminate overwintering hosts of weeds such as Xanthium sibiricum.

② Control at the heart leaf stage: When the mosaic disease rate of corn borer feeding at the end of the heart leaf reaches 65,438+00%, or when the ear formation rate reaches 5% at the silking stage in summer and autumn, control should be carried out. Prevention and treatment methods can be infusion of granule and liquid medicine. Using 3% phoxim granules and 3% carbofuran granules, 2 kg per mu was mixed with 5 times fine sand to make poisonous sand, which was sprinkled on the heart leaves of corn. 80% dichlorvos EC can be diluted to 2,500-3,000 times by the method of liquid medicine infusion, and each corn plant can be infused with 10- 15ml, which can achieve more than 85% control effect and treat corn thrips.

③ Pre-harvest control: inject 0.5 kg of 50% dichlorvos emulsion, 500-600 liters of water and a small amount of liquid medicine into the top of female ear bud. 1 kg liquid medicine can generally fill 360 female ears.

④ Biological control: Trichogramma has obvious effect on eliminating corn borer with low cost. At the initial stage, peak stage and end stage of spawning, corn borers are released 10000-30000 per mu, and 2-4 bee release points are set. Roll up the egg card with corn leaves, and the height of the egg card is off the ground 1 m. In addition, microbial pesticides such as Bacillus, 72 16 and Beauveria bassiana were used. There are two ways to apply pesticide: one is to water the heart leaves, and water is used to water the heart leaves with more than one gram of bacterial powder containing spores 1000-2000 kg. Another method is to prepare bacteria soil or granules. General microbial soil is 1 kg Chilo suppressalis plus 100-300 kg fine soil or furnace ash. Generally, the dosage of granules is about 20 times (Beauveria bassiana powder 1 kg mixed with 20 kg slag granules), and each plant is applied with about 2 g.

⑤ Select insect-resistant varieties.

(3) armyworm

The armyworm is an explosive and destructive pest. Commonly known as cotton locust, marching insect, burglar and pruning insect.

1, symptom identification: the larvae of armyworm are exposed to the plant surface to feed. The first and second instar larvae mostly hide in the heart leaves or leaf sheaths of crops to feed day and night, but they eat little, and the epidermis remains after eating mesophyll, resulting in translucent small spots. The fifth and sixth instar larvae are gluttonous, eating leaves and cob.

2. Living habits: The armyworm has no diapause, suitable conditions and can reproduce continuously. Like to lay eggs at the tip of dry seedling leaves, which has the characteristics of migration. The larvae have suspended animation, and the resistance to pesticides increases with the increase of insect age.

The temperature and humidity of the armyworm are strict. The suitable temperature for adults to lay eggs is 15-30℃. If it is higher than 30℃ or lower than 15℃, the amount of eggs laid by adults will be reduced or they will not be able to lay eggs. If the migrating armyworm moth is forced to land in the wind and rain, the harm of local armyworm will be very serious. However, natural enemies also have a great inhibitory effect on the occurrence of armyworm. The main natural enemies of the armyworm are parasitic flies, parasitic bees, nematodes, ants, walking nails, red spiders, spiders and some fungi.

3. Prevention and control methods: To prevent and control armyworm, it is necessary to combine catching moths, collecting eggs and killing larvae. We should grasp three key links: before laying eggs, before collecting eggs and before hatching, and before drugs kill larvae.

① Trapping insects (moths): Trapping and killing them with straw stalks and sweet and sour liquid. Proportion of sweet and sour liquid: 3 parts of sugar, 0/part of wine/kloc, 4 parts of vinegar and 2 parts of water, and mix well. Trapping and killing at night.

(2) Attracting and collecting eggs: using the oviposition habits of adults, the egg pieces are destroyed before hatching. From the prophase of spawning to after the peak period, it is very effective to insert small straws in the ground and sprinkle sweet and sour wine on the straws to lure moths to lay eggs. Pick the egg pieces in time to eliminate them.

③ Pesticide control: 20-30 pests per 100 plants in the seedling stage of corn field and 50- 100 pests per 100 plants in the middle and late growth stage, that is, pesticide control is applied. 2-2.5 kg of 2.5% trichlorfon powder or about 2 kg of 2.5% trichlorfon powder to 10- 15 kg of fine soil can be sprayed per mu, and then the mixture is evenly mixed and sown along the ridge to prevent the larvae from aging. Or 90% trichlorfon 1000-2000 times solution, 50% trichlorfon 1605, 80% dichlorvos 2000-3000 times solution spray, the effect is very good; It can be controlled by 2.5% deltamethrin EC and 20% metoclopramide emulsion 1500-2000 times solution.

(4) Starscream

Corn red spider belongs to mites, also known as fire dragon, fire spider and red sand.

1, symptom identification: generally, red spider began to harm corn after heading, and it began to harm corn at the age of 6 leaves in early years. Starscream absorbs nutrients from crop leaves, causing the injured leaves to appear dense and tiny yellow and white spots, then gradually turn green and yellow, and finally dry up and die. The damaged corn is very thin, which leads to a reduction in production.

2. Living habits: The adult corn spider overwinters in the cracks of rhizosphere soil. When the temperature rose in early spring, the red spider was unearthed, and it concentrated on some weeds to feed and breed. After the emergence of spring corn, it is transferred to nearby corn seedlings by wind blowing and crawling.

It takes a long time for the red spider to spread from the source to the whole corn field. The number decreases after heavy rain and increases when there is little rain.

3, prevention and control methods:

① Eliminating overwintering adults: Irrigation in early spring and after autumn can eliminate a large number of overwintering red spiders.

② Chemical control: the mixture of 40% dimethoate emulsion and 20% dicofol (1: 1) is 1000- 1500 times, and the effect is very good.

(3) Utilization of natural enemies: The natural enemies of corn red spider include mite-eating ladybug, mite-eating thrips, lacewings and so on.

(5) Aphids

The reproduction of aphids is different from that of common pests, and it has the characteristics of parthenogenesis and bisexual reproduction alternately. So its life history is more complicated, and there are often several generations under one roof. 1 year can produce more than 20 generations, with high aphid density and long damage time, which also causes serious losses to corn.

Prevention and control methods:

① Chemical control: spray with 3000 times solution of 40% oxidized happy fruit; Or spray with 50% pirimicarb wettable powder 15-20g and 50-75kg of water. 40% dimethoate emulsion stock solution 1 kg and 5-6 kg of water can be used to kill insects in corn field. At the base of the stem of the damaged corn, a brush or cotton ball can be dipped in medicine, and a layer can be coated on the periphery of the stem half, so that insects can be killed by internal suction.

② Utilization of natural enemies: The natural enemies of corn aphids are mainly aphids.

(6) Corn borer

Corn borer, also known as corn borer, belongs to Lepidoptera and Noctuidae. Its larvae generally harm corn, millet, sorghum and other crops at seedling stage, and are one of the main pests of corn.

1. Occurrence regularity and damage characteristics: generally, corn borer has one generation a year, and its eggs overwinter on weeds and hatch in early May of the following year. The newly hatched larvae first feed on green weeds, then turn to corn in early June, and the damage peak is around the seedling establishment. Larvae mostly feed from the underground part of corn seedling stem and gradually feed upward. The young stems of corn seedlings withered, and a few were even cut off. The damage period of larvae is about one month. At the end of June, the larvae pupated at 5- 15 cm underground near the damaged plants, and the pupation reached its peak in early July. From July to August, adults emerge and fly to weeds to lay eggs. Each female moth can lay more than 200 eggs and overwinter with eggs. Adults have phototaxis, and larvae have the habit of killing each other. In May, the coordinated rainfall and humid climate are beneficial to its occurrence.

2, prevention and control measures:

(1) Agricultural control. Eliminate weeds in the field and reduce the source of overwintering insects.

(2) chemical control. Irrigate the roots with 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times solution or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000 times solution, with 200 kilograms of liquid medicine per mu. You can also use 92.5% trichlorfon powder 1 kg, mix 20 kg of fine soil and spread it around the roots of corn.

(7) corn center disease

Corn borer is commonly known as corn borer. Mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China, South China and other places, mainly endangering corn, sorghum and millet. In recent years, its harm is on the rise.

1. Occurrence regularity and damage characteristics: this insect occurs once a year. Adults move during the day and live in plants at night, causing suspended animation. Adults mostly lay eggs on the loose soil surface of corn field, and each female can produce more than 10, and most of them are 20-30 grains in groups. Larvae drill out from the base of corn seedlings, do harm upward, and then return from the drilling hole and drill into the ground. The borehole is brown, and there are rows of holes and leaves in the leaves. Seriously, it often causes defoliation, wilting, dead seedlings, many tillers, abnormal plants, commonly known as "Clivia seedlings", which can not grow normally. The mature larvae pupate in the soil room 2-3 cm deep near the rhizosphere.

2, prevention and control measures

(1) Rational rotation, avoiding continuous cropping, so as to reduce the harm.

⑵ 25% carbaryl wettable powder 1- 1.5 kg/mu can be used, and 20 kg of fine soil can be mixed along the ridge around the root of corn in the early stage of larval damage (corn seedling stage) to kill the transferred larvae. You can also spray 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times or 80% dichlorvos EC 1500 times, and spray 60-75 kilograms of liquid medicine per mu.

(8) Mongolian grey elephant beetle

Mongolian grey elephant beetle, commonly known as rhinoceros, is small and gray. In China, it is mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China, Inner Mongolia and other provinces, and it is a corn seedling pest. It mainly harms seedlings, tender leaves and heart leaves of soybeans, corn, sunflowers, peanuts and sugar beets. When the damage is serious, you can eat all the leaves and bite off the stems, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken ridges, which is even more harmful in dry years.

1. Occurrence regularity and living habits: It usually occurs once every two years (some individuals need three years), and overwinters as adults and larvae in the soil. In the first year, it overwinters as a larva, stays dormant in the soil from late June to early and middle July in the second year, overwinters as an adult, and is unearthed in the third year. Adults live in groups, lurk in the cracks around the seedlings at low temperature, climb out after heating, and like to eat the shoots of seedlings and stems, which is easy to cause large-scale lack of seedlings and broken ridges. Female insects lay eggs on the ground in early May. In late May, new larvae hatch and feed on humus and plant roots. In September, the larvae overwinter in a soil chamber.

2. Prevention and control measures: use 20-27 ml/mu or 5% methamidophos EC, dilute it by 500- 1000 times and spray it, or use 50% phoxim EC, 40% omethoate EC, 50% malathion EC, 35% phoxim EC or 50% phoxim EC.

(9) beet armyworm

Spodoptera exigua is mainly distributed in Northeast China, North China and East China. This insect is omnivorous, which mainly harms soybeans, corn, alfalfa, sugar beet, mulberry, cotton, peas, onions, carrots and so on. Its larvae harm the heart leaves of corn and bite them into nicks.

1. Living habits: generally two generations a year. Pupa overwinters in soil, the adult generation period is from late April to early September, the larval damage peaks are from mid-May to mid-June and from late August to mid-September, and the pupation period is from late June to mid-July and early June 10. Adults lay eggs on plant leaves.

2. Control method: spray 50% phoxim EC, 40% omethoate EC, 50% malathion EC, 35% phoxim EC, 50% phoxim EC or 50% phoxim EC with 800 times solution, and spray 50-60 kg of liquid medicine per mu.

In the middle and late period of maize growth, the main pests and diseases are sheath blight, ear rot and corn borer. After corn was killed, the yield and quality decreased.

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the middle and late stage of maize, in addition to removing diseased plants and residual leaves in time, reducing the source of diseases and insects, dredging the "three ditches" in the field and doing a good job in suitable cultivation, it is important to overcome the difficulties of tall maize plants and closed fields and carry out chemical protection in time.

At the big horn stage (heart leaf stage) of corn, the application of 200g of 5% Jinggangmycin soluble powder and 20-25kg of sterile fine soil per mu is not only good in control effect, low in cost, long in duration, simple and easy to implement, but also a biological pesticide, which is safe for people and livestock, has no residue, has no adverse effect on natural enemies, and can overcome the difficulty and operation of water shortage. Applying jinggangmycin toxic soil 1 time to heart leaves, not only the control effect of sheath blight can reach 85.8%, which is 1 2.4 percentage points higher than that of spraying the same amount1time, but also it is 5. 1 percentage point higher than that of spraying twice. Until the corn is ripe, the control effect can still reach 765,438+0.2%-86.6%, and the control effect can also reach 86.3%. This is because the method of squeezing medicine and soil into corn corners is concentrated and will not be lost, which is beneficial to the slow absorption of corn plants; However, the effect of spraying is very poor, because at least about 20% of liquid medicine is lost in the spraying process. If fungicides (such as rice blast) and pesticides (such as dichlorvos and cartap) are mixed in toxic soil, a variety of pests and diseases can be controlled at the same time, and one thing can be used for multiple purposes.

In the middle and late stage of female ear filling, corn borer will drill into the ear and bite the grain. 0.4 kg of 50% DDVP EC, with water per mu 10 kg, can also achieve the same control effect by spraying cotton balls evenly on the top of female spikes and filaments.