Safety technical measures for tunnel engineering construction

1. Regulations on hole entry operations

Mechanical operators must be proficient in the performance and operating procedures of the equipment and operate in strict accordance with the standards. All staff should adhere to Work certificates must be issued and construction must be carried out in accordance with specifications; labor protection equipment must be strictly worn; labor discipline must be strict, it is strictly prohibited to work while drunk, it is strictly prohibited to fight on the job, and it is strictly prohibited to wear slippers to work; staff must be familiar with fire protection and equipment alarm signals.

2. Regulations on slag discharging and transportation operations

Mechanical slag loading operations should be carried out in strict accordance with operating procedures, and existing supports and temporary Equipment, when digging down soil on steps or scaffoldings, the soil pile should be stable to prevent slipping and collapsing and injuring people; when unloading slag, there should be a dedicated person to direct the unloading and leveling, and there should be obvious signs at the edge of the spoil site. Commanding personnel must now have visible indicating gestures or warning signals.

Transportation roads should be maintained by dedicated personnel in accordance with standard requirements so that they are always smooth and smooth. The driving speed should not be greater than 10km/h in construction areas and when crossing roads; it should not be greater than 20km/h in areas with holes. Waste residue and remaining materials on both sides of the line or road should be removed at any time. The performance of transport vehicles must be good and their operation should comply with relevant safety management regulations. It is strictly prohibited to pull people in the spoil truck, and it is strictly prohibited to drive under the influence of alcohol, and the driver is not allowed to exchange or lend the vehicle at will.

3. Safety regulations for tunnel ventilation and dust removal

The ventilation system should have sufficient capacity and ensure the elimination of harmful gases, dust and other substances contained in the air. The concentration does not exceed the standard; the ventilation system in the cave should be managed by full-time personnel, the fan pipes must be firmly hung, and air leaks must be repaired in time to ensure good ventilation effects; construction dust prevention measures should be taken, spraying water and sealing dust sources to prevent dust Isolate from operators and take personal protection.

Ventilation staff must set up a designated person to open it, and others are strictly prohibited from opening it at will. The power distribution cabinet of the ventilator must be locked and a designated person is responsible. Before turning on the ventilator, check and warn in the cave. Make sure there are no people under the air dryer before opening it for ventilation.

4. Construction measures for shotcrete operations

During maintenance, the shotcrete machine must be shut down, the power switch must be locked, and relevant signs must be hung; construction is prohibited during shotcrete Personnel should stand near the material pipe joint; rubber gloves must be worn when contacting the accelerating setting agent; when inspecting the pump and pipelines, the pump must be stopped, the gate valve must be closed, and maintenance work must be carried out after stopping; it is strictly prohibited to aim the nozzle at the construction worker.

5. Monitoring and measurement measures

(1) A special measurement team should be established for tunnel on-site monitoring and measurement.

(2) The measurement team is responsible for the burial of measurement points, daily measurement, data processing and instrument maintenance, and timely feedback of measurement information to the engineering technology department and construction team of the project department.

(3) On-site monitoring and measurement should be carefully organized and implemented according to the measurement plan, and should be closely coordinated with other construction links, and work should not be interrupted.

(4) Each embedding point should be strong and reliable, easy to identify and properly protected, and should not be arbitrarily replaced or damaged.

(5) After daily measurement, carefully analyze the measured data, dynamically adjust the design parameters according to the analyzed problems, and fully apply the New Austrian Method principles in the construction process. Ensure initial support safety.

6. Technical measures for construction of the tunnel entrance section

(1) During the construction of the tunnel entrance section, topsoil, trees, etc. that are likely to collapse above the tunnel entrance should be removed as much as possible. Clear. In situations where it cannot be completely cleared, it is necessary to take measures such as strengthening foundations, retaining walls, and preventing collapse.

(2) Surface water and seepage water around the cave entrance must be eliminated as much as possible. The ditches around the cave entrance must be detoured and diverted in advance. Measures must also be taken to limit the penetration or flow down of rainwater on the slope of the cave entrance.

(3) During the construction of the tunnel entrance section, the movement and subsidence of the soil around the tunnel entrance should be observed and measured to try to detect abnormalities as early as possible.

(4) When abnormal conditions are found around the cave entrance, emergency measures should be taken immediately. When an accident occurs as expected, excavation should be stopped immediately, tunnel face support and support should be strengthened, observation and measurement should be strengthened, and necessary measures should be taken.

7. Measures for using electricity in tunnels

Check and repair wires and electrical equipment frequently to prevent leakage and short-circuit accidents; non-professional electrical personnel are not allowed to operate Electrical equipment; you must wear insulating gloves and shoes, and stand on the insulating board to operate high-voltage electrical circuits; low-voltage electrical equipment should be equipped with electric shock and leakage protectors; the exposed rotating and transmission parts of electrical equipment must be equipped with blocking protection devices ; When overhauling or relocating electrical equipment, the power supply should be cut off and a warning sign saying "No power is allowed while someone is working" should be hung;

When working with electricity, safety measures must be formulated and under the supervision of a full-time safety officer In addition, it is necessary to use protective tools with reliable insulation; when working with electricity, the emergency power outage device or the main circuit breaker should be activated, and safety warning signs should be set up in the working area.

8. Safety measures for shotcrete construction

Before starting the shotcrete operation, carefully check the sprayed surface of the surrounding rock and thoroughly clean up the dangerous soil; carry out initial support When protecting sprayed concrete, you should check whether there are any abnormal changes or cracks, and take corresponding measures to deal with it; before starting the spraying operation, a dedicated person should carefully check the pipelines, joints, etc. to prevent hose damage during spraying. , accidents caused by disconnection of joints, etc.; when performing spraying operations, protective equipment (rubber gloves, dust masks, protective masks, glasses, etc.) must be worn.

When manual injection is used, an auxiliary injection bracket should be equipped to prevent hazards caused by violent vibration of the nozzle in the event of pipeline blockage. When moving the spray location, the jet must be turned off first, and no one should stand in front of the nozzle. When dealing with pipeline blockages, the nozzle should be supervised by a dedicated person to prevent the nozzle from swinging and injuring people after the blockage is eliminated.

In order to avoid interference between feeding, mixing, transportation and spraying operations, establish communication signals and communication methods between each process. Spraying operations should be directed by the team leader according to prescribed signals and methods to prevent accidents caused by poor communication between sprayers and machine operators.

9. Construction safety of section steel and grid steel frames

(1) When performing top connection operations of section steel and grid steel frames, high There is a lot of work, and workers should wear safety belts. The lifting equipment used (the trolley on which workers stand, etc.) should be equipped with handrails or railings.

(2) During the transportation process, components should be tied firmly to prevent accidents such as collision and injury, vehicle overturning, component falling, etc.

(3) Frequently inspect the profiled steel arch frame. If phenomena or signs such as distortion or buckling are found, reinforcement measures should be taken promptly. If necessary, other personnel should be evacuated to a safe area to prevent damage caused by collapse. casualties.

10. Concrete lining construction safety

According to the limits of the lining trolley, add an appropriate safety margin to determine the clearance size of the lining steps. Large vehicles pass through the lining trolley under the command of the shunting personnel. At this time, personnel working inside the lining trolley should avoid and are not allowed to stand inside the lining trolley.

There should be sufficient lighting facilities in the lining support frame area; lining concrete workers should stand on stable scaffolding and wear safety belts; prevent foreign matter from being mixed into the concrete hopper. When foreign matter enters the hopper, First stop the machine and then remove the foreign matter.

When the pipes and joints for pumping concrete are clogged, first eliminate the pressure in the pipes, and then disassemble the joints to clear them.

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