China Aerospace Information (no more than 100 words)

People's Republic of China (PRC)'s space industry began in 1956. The purpose of China's space development is to explore outer space and expand the understanding of the earth and the universe; Peaceful use of outer space, promoting human civilization and social progress, and benefiting all mankind; Adapt to the needs of economic construction, scientific and technological development, national security and social progress, improve the scientific quality of the whole people, safeguard national rights and interests, and enhance comprehensive national strength. In the development of space industry, China implements the guiding principles of national scientific and technological development, namely, independent innovation, key leapfrogging, supporting development and leading the future.

1. artificial earth satellite. China successfully developed and launched the first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong-1" on April 24th, 1970, becoming the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch an artificial earth satellite. By June 5438+00, 2000, China * * * had developed and launched 47 different types of artificial earth satellites, with a success rate of over 90%. At present, China has initially formed four major satellite series-recoverable remote sensing satellite series, "Dongfanghong" communication and broadcasting satellite series, "Fengyun" meteorological satellite series, "practical" scientific exploration and technical test satellite series, and "resources" earth resources satellite series will soon be formed. China is the third country in the world to master satellite recycling technology, and the success rate of satellite recycling has reached the international advanced level; China is the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch a geostationary orbit communication satellite. The main technical indexes of China Meteorological Satellite and Earth Resources Satellite have reached the international level in the early 1990s. In recent years, six communication, earth resources and meteorological satellites developed and launched by China have been put into use, with stable work and good performance, resulting in good social and economic benefits. 2. Launch vehicle. China has independently developed 12 Long March series launch vehicles of different models, which are suitable for launching near-earth orbit, geostationary orbit and sun-synchronous orbit. The maximum carrying capacity of the "Long March" series of launch vehicles in near-earth orbit reaches 9200 kg, and the maximum carrying capacity of geosynchronous transfer orbit reaches 5 100 kg, which can basically meet the needs of different users. Since 1985, the China government officially announced that the Long March series of launch vehicles have entered the international commercial launch market, 27 foreign-made satellites have been successfully launched into space, occupying a place in the international commercial satellite launch service market. So far, the "Long March" series of launch vehicles have been launched 63 times; From June 1996 to June 10, 2000, the "Long March" series of launch vehicles have been successfully launched for 2 consecutive times. 3. Spacecraft launch site. China has built three launch sites for spacecraft, Jiuquan, Xichang and Taiyuan, and successfully completed the flight tests of various launch vehicles and the launching tasks of various artificial satellites and test spacecraft. China Spacecraft Launch Site can not only complete the domestic launch mission, but also serve the international commercial launch and carry out other international space cooperation. 4. TT&C in Space. China has built a complete TT&C network, including TT&C stations on land and TT&C ships at sea, and successfully completed TT&C missions in space from near-earth orbit satellites to geostationary orbit satellites and from satellites to test spacecraft. China Aerospace TT&C Network has the ability of international networking and sharing TT&C resources, and TT&C technology has reached the advanced level in the world. 5. Manned spaceflight. From 65438 to 0992, China began to carry out manned spacecraft space engineering, developed manned spacecraft and highly reliable launch vehicles, conducted research on space medicine and space life science engineering, selected reserve astronauts, and developed a number of space remote sensing and space science experimental devices. 1999165438+21year1October 20th, China successfully launched and recovered the first unmanned experimental spacecraft, marking a breakthrough in the basic technology of manned spacecraft and an important step in the field of manned space flight.

China attaches great importance to the development of various application satellites and satellite application technologies, and has made great progress in satellite remote sensing, satellite communication, satellite navigation and positioning. Of the satellites developed and launched by China, remote sensing satellites and communication satellites account for about 7 1%. These satellites are widely used in various fields of economy, science and technology, culture and national defense construction, and have achieved remarkable social and economic benefits. Relevant state departments have also actively used various foreign application satellites to carry out applied technology research, and achieved good application results. 1. Satellite remote sensing. Since the early 1970s, China has been using domestic and foreign remote sensing satellites to carry out research, development and popularization of satellite remote sensing application technology, which has been widely used in meteorology, geology and mineral resources, surveying and mapping, agriculture and forestry, water conservancy, ocean, earthquake and urban construction. At present, the National Remote Sensing Center, National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Resources Satellite Application Center, Satellite Ocean Application Center, China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Receiving Station and other institutions have been established, as well as satellite remote sensing application research institutions of relevant ministries and commissions in the State Council, some provinces and cities and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Using remote sensing satellites at home and abroad, these professional institutions have carried out applied research work in many aspects and fields, such as meteorological forecast, land survey, crop yield estimation, forest survey, disaster monitoring, environmental protection, ocean forecast, urban planning, map mapping and so on. In particular, the operational operation of the satellite meteorological ground application system has greatly improved the accuracy of disastrous weather forecasting and significantly reduced the economic losses of the country and people. 2. Satellite communication. Since the mid-1980s, China has used domestic and foreign communication satellites to develop satellite communication technology to meet the growing needs of communication, broadcasting and education. In terms of satellite fixed communication services, there are dozens of large and medium-sized satellite communication earth stations in China, and there are more than 27,000 international satellite communication channels connecting more than 80 countries and regions in the world. China has built a domestic public satellite communication network with more than 70,000 domestic satellite communication channels, which has initially solved the communication problems in remote areas. VSAT communication has developed rapidly in recent years. There are 30 VSAT communication divisions in China, serving 15000 small station users, including more than 6300 two-way small station users. At the same time, more than 80 special communication networks and tens of thousands of very small aperture terminals have been established in dozens of departments such as finance, meteorology, transportation, petroleum, water conservancy, civil aviation, electric power, health and news. In terms of satellite TV broadcasting services, China has built a satellite TV broadcasting system covering the whole world and a satellite TV education system covering the whole country. China began to transmit radio and television programs by satellite from 1985. At present, a satellite transmission coverage network occupying 33 communication satellite transponders has been formed, which is responsible for transmitting 47 sets of central and local TV programs, educational TV programs, 32 sets of domestic and foreign radio programs and nearly 40 sets of local radio programs. More than 30 million people have received education and training in universities and technical secondary schools since satellite educational television broadcasting was launched more than ten years ago. In recent years, China has built a satellite live broadcast experimental platform, which has brought TV programs transmitted by central and local satellites to vast rural areas that are not covered by wireless radio and television through digital compression, greatly improving the coverage of radio and television in China. There are about1890,000 satellite TV broadcasting receiving stations in China. On the experimental platform of satellite live broadcast, the broadband multimedia transmission network of China Education Satellite was established, which provided comprehensive services of distance education and information technology for the whole country. 3. Satellite navigation and positioning. China began to use foreign navigation satellites to develop satellite navigation and positioning application technology in the early 1980s. At present, it has been widely used in geodesy, ship navigation, aircraft navigation, earthquake monitoring, geological disaster prevention and monitoring, forest fire prevention and extinguishing, urban traffic management and other industries. China joined COSPAS-SARSAT in 1992, and then established China Mission Control Center, which greatly improved the distress alarm service capabilities of ships, planes and vehicles.