Tips on air defense drills (what are the knowledge about air defense drills)

1. What is the knowledge about air defense?

Air defense is the defense against air attacks or aerial reconnaissance. Including civil air defense, military air defense and key area air defense. According to means, it is divided into active air defense and passive air defense.

Active air defense is air defense by destroying and intercepting enemy air strike weapons;

Passive air defense is air defense by hindering the effectiveness of enemy air strike weapons or eliminating the consequences of air strikes.

Civil air defense is passive air defense, and the main means of protection are: building civil air defense projects, evacuating people and materials, implementing camouflage, implementing light control, and taking rescue measures.

The basic means of civil air defense can be summed up in three words: "go", "hide" and "eliminate". The so-called "walk" means to organize the evacuation of personnel in a timely manner. The so-called "hiding" means to enter the civil air defense fortifications in time to hide. The so-called "elimination" means to eliminate the consequences of air strikes in a timely manner.

2. Knowledge about air defense and disaster prevention

Basic knowledge of air defense and disaster prevention 1. Knowledge of laws and regulations 1. The purpose, tasks, guidelines, principles of civil air defense and the rights and interests of citizens Obligations ① The purpose of civil air defense is to protect people's lives and property and ensure the smooth progress of socialist modernization.

②The mission of civil air defense is: the state, based on national defense needs, mobilizes and organizes the masses to take protective measures to prevent and reduce the harm of air strikes. ③The policy of civil air defense is: long-term preparation, key construction, and combination of peacetime and wartime.

④The principle of civil air defense is to implement the principle of coordinated development with economic construction and integration with urban construction. ⑤Article 8 of the Civil Air Defense Law stipulates: All organizations and individuals have the right to civil air defense protection and must perform civil air defense obligations in accordance with the law.

⑥The rights of citizens are: anti-air raid evacuation, shelter, medical rescue and rescue, necessary life supplies, and acceptance of civil air defense knowledge education and skills training, etc. ⑦ Citizens’ obligations are: to participate in civil air defense construction, bear civil air defense expenses, perform civil air defense services, protect civil air defense facilities, participate in mass air defense organizations, accept civil air defense education and training, and carry out mutual aid, etc.

2. Important economic targets Important economic targets refer to important industrial and mining enterprises, scientific research bases, transportation hubs, communication hubs, bridges, reservoirs, warehouses, power stations, etc. that are directly related to the national economy and people's livelihood and war potential. Important economic targets are divided into seven categories, namely, news and communications, energy and power, transportation hubs, potential military bases, lifeline projects, secondary disaster sources, and financial management.

Based on the status and role of important economic targets in wartime, their ability to support war, their impact on people’s lives, production, and daily life, as well as the scale and value of production, they are ranked from high to low in importance. There are three levels, namely first level, second level and third level. 3. Name of the air defense organization Name of the air defense organization: ① Professional rescue and repair team; ② Professional medical rescue team; ③ Professional fire protection team; ④ Professional security team; ⑤ Professional chemical prevention and epidemic prevention team; ⑥ Professional communication team; ⑦ Professional transportation team; ⑧ High-tech Technical professional team.

4. Air defense control Air defense control includes: public security control, traffic control, light control, radio control, and sound control. 5. Population evacuation and sheltering Population evacuation refers to the action of evacuating and properly settling populations in safe areas under the threat of war.

According to the timing, it is divided into early stage, pre-war and emergency evacuation. Covering refers to the use of terrain features, civil air defense projects and underground facilities to implement cover in cities or suburbs.

6. Trial air defense sirens and signals. People at or above the county level *** organize trial air defense sirens as needed. The air defense warning test plan shall be formulated by the civil air defense department in conjunction with the communications, radio and television, public security and other departments, and shall be organized and implemented after approval by the people's government at the same level, and an announcement shall be issued five days before the test sound.

The province has designated September 18 as the test day for air defense sirens, and stipulates that a trial of air defense sirens should be organized once a year. The state stipulates that air defense warning signals are divided into three types: advance warning, air raid warning, and disarming warning.

① Pre-alarm: sound for 36 seconds, stop for 24 seconds, repeat three times as a cycle, and the time is 3 minutes. ②Air raid siren: sound for 6 seconds, pause for 6 seconds, repeat 15 times as a cycle, time is 3 minutes.

③ Clear the alarm: One long beep for 3 minutes.

7. The significance of building air-proof basements in new urban civil buildings: It is an important way to ensure that urban residents are sheltered in place during wartime and reduce casualties. It is extremely important to maintain the stability of ground buildings for earthquake relief in peacetime.

At the same time, compared with separately constructed underground protective buildings, it not only saves manpower, material resources, and financial resources, but also makes full use of urban underground space and greatly saves urban land. 8. Emergencies and level emergencies: refer to natural disasters, accidents, public health incidents and social security incidents that occur suddenly, cause or may cause serious social harm, and require emergency response measures to be taken.

Level: According to the degree of social harm, scope of influence and other factors, natural disasters, accidents, public health events are divided into four levels: particularly serious, major, relatively large and general. 9. Emergency management system for emergencies The state has established an emergency management system that focuses on unified leadership, comprehensive coordination, classified management, hierarchical responsibilities, and territorial management.

10. Principles of emergency response work Emergency response work follows the principle of giving priority to prevention and combining prevention with emergency response. 11. The purpose of the state's establishment of a social mobilization mechanism is to enhance the public's awareness of public security and risk prevention, and to improve the entire society's ability to avoid risks and rescue.

12. What are the main contents of the emergency plan? (1) Basic situation: Overview of important economic targets, including scale, value, production capacity, annual operating income, wartime status and role, etc.; (2) ) Situation assumptions: Predict the possible degree of damage to important economic targets if they are attacked by enemy air attacks during wartime and after air attacks; (3) Mission and determination: Determine this important economic target based on judgments and conclusions made on various situations. The key parts that need to be ensured, the key points of rescue and repair, the division of tasks, and the steps and methods for performing tasks, etc. are clearly defined; (4) Protective measures: including evacuation, concealment, camouflage, and protective measures against natural disasters and accidents; (4) 5) Emergency repair operations: including tasks, units performing tasks, number of people, action routes and methods, and task divisions of rescue, rescue, repair, and transportation; (6) Organization and command: including the composition of the command organization, the location of the command post, and communications Communication and other provisions; (7) Various guarantees: including communication alarms, professional technology, supplies, equipment, security, political work, etc. 13. Units with important economic targets and units that produce, operate, store, transport, and use dangerous goods such as flammable and explosive items, hazardous chemicals, radioactive items, etc. should formulate specific emergency plans.

The protection plan for important economic targets should be revised and improved in a timely manner based on changes in actual conditions and in response to problems discovered during training exercises; any adjustments involving major matters must be reported to the original approval authority for approval. 14. The purpose of emergency knowledge education in schools at all levels and types. Schools at all levels and types should incorporate emergency knowledge education into their teaching content, educate students on emergency knowledge, and cultivate students' safety awareness and self-rescue and mutual rescue abilities.

15. Emergency material reserve guarantee system for people’s governments at all levels ① The state has established and improved the emergency material reserve guarantee system and improved the supervision and production of important emergency supplies.

3. Answers to air defense and disaster prevention knowledge

◎What are the main contents of wartime air defense and peacetime disaster prevention?

Defense against air strikes during wartime, mainly against air strikes by conventional weapons and attacks by nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.

Daily disaster prevention, mainly natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, mudslides, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, droughts; man-made disasters, such as traffic, industrial accidents, fires, etc., among which industrial The potential threats of emergencies mainly come from the leakage of large amounts of toxic and harmful substances in the chemical industry, nuclear industry, metallurgical industry and other sectors; there are also riots, explosions, poisoning, arson, terrorist activities, etc.

◎How to identify civil air defense (civil defense) alarm signals?

The warning signal is divided into advance warning: sound for 36 seconds, pause for 24 seconds, repeated three times as a cycle, lasting 3 minutes; air raid siren: sound for 6 seconds, pause for 6 seconds, repeated 15 times as a cycle, The time is 3 minutes; the alarm is cleared: the sound is continuously sounded for 3 minutes; the disaster alarm: sound for 15 seconds, stop for 10 seconds, sound for 5 seconds, stop for 10 seconds, repeat three times as a cycle, and the time is 2 minutes.

◎What should you do if you hear the civil air defense alarm?

In ordinary times--act for listening and defense: pay attention to listening, identify what kind of signal it is, enhance memory, and always be prepared.

When you hear a disaster alarm, you should immediately cut off the power supply, extinguish the stove, and then leave the building to inquire and take action.

Wartime - for air defense operations:

When you hear the pre-selected alarm, you should immediately cut off the power, extinguish the stove, bring towels and necessary daily necessities and quickly go to the designated location , or civil defense fortifications are prepared to hide.

When you hear the air raid siren, do not run in panic. You should immediately enter a hiding place or civil defense fortification to hide. If you are too late to reach the designated location, you should take cover nearby;

When you hear the air raid siren, do not panic and run away. When the alarm is lifted, return in an orderly manner and avoid entering chemical and radioactive contaminated areas.

◎The role of civil air defense projects in earthquake relief

Civil air defense projects have played an important role in resisting earthquake disasters, protecting people's lives and property, saving lives, and avoiding or mitigating earthquake disasters. effect. For example, the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Tangshan City is an important industrial town in eastern Hebei Province of my country. On July 28, 1976, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 occurred and the epicenter was 11 kilometers deep. At 3:42 in the morning, people were sleeping soundly and everything was silent. Suddenly, there was a flash of light, a roar of the ground, houses collapsed, the ground cracked and landslides occurred. Within seconds, Tangshan City was reduced to rubble and more than 240,000 people died. The scope of the earthquake spread to Tianjin, Beijing, and other vast areas, causing heavy losses to the vast areas of Beijing, Tianjin, and Tang Dynasty. It was during this disastrous earthquake that the underground civil air defense projects built in Beijing, Tianjin and Tang Dynasty, including various underground projects, played an important role in earthquake resistance and disaster relief. Underground civil air defense projects and various underground structures can provide better protection when earthquake disasters occur. After the Tangshan earthquake, the national civil air defense department organized an on-site inspection of the civil air defense projects in Tangshan City. The results found that although 90% of the above-ground civil buildings in the Tangshan earthquake zone were destroyed, the main structure of the underground civil air defense projects was not seriously damaged. Moreover, ground-level buildings with attached air-raid basements are much less damaged than buildings without air-raid basements. Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory's self-contained power station is located in the basement, equipped with two 12-kilowatt diesel generator sets. The power station, generating units and various instruments and facilities were not seriously damaged during the earthquake. After the earthquake, Tangshan City, which was almost in ruins, was the first to generate and deliver electricity, making an important contribution to earthquake relief.

◎Strengthen air defense and disaster prevention drills and improve self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities in air defense and disaster prevention

─Inspiration from more than 2,000 teachers and students of Sangzao Middle School in An County, Sichuan without any casualties

Sangzao Middle School in Anxian, Sichuan, which is close to Beichuan, was also severely damaged in the Wenchuan earthquake. However, due to many daily drills, after the earthquake, the teachers and students of the school, more than 2,200 students and hundreds of teachers, came from different teaching buildings. and in different classrooms, all rushed to the playground and stood up organized by the class. It took 1 minute and 36 seconds without any casualties, which created a miracle. (Zhejiang Online transferred to Xinhuanet on May 24)

Obviously, the miracle created by Sangzao Middle School is due to the emergency evacuation drill organized by the school every semester. It is reported that this type of emergency drill has been conducted since 2005, once every semester without interruption. What is particularly shocking is that the process, mode and results of this escape were exactly the same as the drill. This experience is worth learning from every principal and every school. Each drill is carried out step by step according to the pre-made plan. For example, when two classes share a staircase for evacuation, each class must line up in a single row, usually 9 columns and 8 rows. The first 4 rows evacuate from the front door, and the last 4 rows evacuate from the front door. When evacuating through the back door, which passage should each column take? Even students in the classrooms on the 2nd and 3rd floors should run faster to avoid blocking the escape routes; students on the 4th and 5th floors should run slower, otherwise they will be in trouble. There is a backlog of people in the corridor, and all these details have been considered and arranged. There is only one reason why every drill can be done step by step and every detail is accurate, that is, the drill should not be treated as a show, but as a real practice.

The Wenchuan Earthquake has told people with bloody facts that human life safety is above all else. All schools, factories, mines, enterprises, and institutions must put life safety work at the top of the list and firmly Establish a people-oriented thinking. From now on, we must pay close attention to preventive work such as organizing personnel air defense and emergency evacuation drills for disaster prevention, and earnestly shoulder the heavy responsibility of protecting lives. Once a war breaks out or a natural disaster strikes, we can take care of the losses. Minimize it.

4. Answers to air defense and disaster prevention knowledge

◎What are the main contents of wartime air defense and peacetime disaster prevention? Wartime defense against air strikes mainly focuses on defense against air strikes by conventional weapons and attacks by nuclear, chemical and biological weapons.

Daily disaster prevention, mainly natural disasters, including earthquakes, floods, mudslides, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, droughts; man-made disasters, such as traffic, industrial accidents, fires, etc., among which industrial The potential threats of emergencies mainly come from the leakage of large amounts of toxic and harmful substances in the chemical industry, nuclear industry, metallurgical industry and other sectors; there are also riots, explosions, poisoning, arson, terrorist activities, etc. ◎How to identify civil air defense (civil defense) alarm signals? Warning signals are divided into pre-alarm: sound for 36 seconds, pause for 24 seconds, repeated three times as a cycle, lasting 3 minutes; air raid siren: sound for 6 seconds, pause for 6 seconds, repeated 15 times as a cycle, lasting 3 minutes; disarming alarm: Sound continuously for 3 minutes; disaster alarm: sound for 15 seconds, stop for 10 seconds, sound for 5 seconds, stop for 10 seconds, repeat three times to form a cycle, lasting 2 minutes.

◎What should you do if you hear the civil air defense alarm? In ordinary times - take action for listening and defence: that is, pay attention to listening, identify which signal it is, enhance memory, and always be prepared. When you hear a disaster alarm, you should immediately cut off the power supply, extinguish the stove, and then leave the building to inquire and take action.

Wartime - for air defense operations: When you hear the pre-selected alarm, you should immediately cut off the power, extinguish the stove, bring towels and necessary daily necessities and quickly go to the designated location, or prepare to hide in civil defense fortifications. When you hear the air raid siren, do not run in panic. You should immediately enter a hiding place or civil defense fortification to hide. If you are too late to reach the designated location, you should take cover nearby; when you hear the alarm is lifted, you should return in an orderly manner and do not enter chemical and Radiation contaminated areas.

◎The role of civil air defense projects in earthquake disaster relief Civil air defense projects have played an important role in resisting earthquake disasters, protecting people's lives and property, saving lives, and avoiding or mitigating earthquake disasters. For example, the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.

Tangshan City is an important industrial town in eastern Hebei Province of my country. On July 28, 1976, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 occurred, with the epicenter at a depth of 11 kilometers. At 3:42 in the morning, people were sleeping soundly and everything was completely silent.

Suddenly, there was a flash of light, a roar of the ground, houses collapsed, the ground cracked and landslides occurred. Within seconds, Tangshan City was reduced to rubble, and more than 240,000 people died. The scope of the earthquake spread to Tianjin, Beijing, and other vast areas, causing heavy losses to the vast areas of Beijing, Tianjin, and Tang Dynasty.

It was during this catastrophic earthquake that the underground civil air defense projects built in Beijing, Tianjin and Tang Dynasty, including various underground projects, played an important role in earthquake resistance and disaster relief. Underground civil air defense projects and various underground structures can provide better protection when earthquake disasters occur.

After the Tangshan earthquake, the national civil air defense department organized an on-site inspection of the civil air defense projects in Tangshan City. The results found that: 90% of the above-ground civil buildings in the Tangshan earthquake zone were destroyed, and the underground civil air defense projects were damaged. There is no serious damage to the main structure. Moreover, ground-level buildings with attached air-raid basements are much less damaged than buildings without air-raid basements.

The Tangshan Locomotive and Rolling Stock Factory's self-contained power station is located in the basement, equipped with two 12-kilowatt diesel generator sets. The power station, generating units and various instruments and facilities were not seriously damaged during the earthquake.

After the earthquake, Tangshan City was the first to generate electricity and send electricity to the city that was almost in ruins, making an important contribution to earthquake relief. ◎ Strengthen air defense and disaster prevention drills and improve self-rescue and mutual rescue capabilities in air defense and disaster prevention - the revelation that more than 2,000 teachers and students of Sangzao Middle School in An County, Sichuan Province were not injured or injured. Sichuan An County Sangzao Middle School is located close to Beichuan and was also severely damaged in the Wenchuan earthquake. However, Due to many usual drills, after the earthquake, all the teachers and students of the school, more than 2,200 students, and hundreds of teachers from different teaching buildings and different classrooms, all rushed to the playground and stood up organized by class. It took 1 minute 36 seconds, no casualties, created a miracle.

(Reprinted from Zhejiang Online to Xinhuanet on May 24) Obviously, the miracle created by Sangzao Middle School is due to the emergency evacuation drill organized by the school every semester. It is reported that this type of emergency drill has been conducted since 2005, once every semester without interruption.

What is particularly shocking is that the process, mode and results of this escape are exactly the same as the drill. This experience is worth learning from every principal and every school.

Each drill is carried out step by step according to the pre-made plan. For example, when two classes share a staircase for evacuation, each class must line up in a single row, usually 9 columns and 8 rows. The first 4 rows evacuate from the front door, and the last 4 rows evacuate from the front door. When evacuating through the back door, which passage should each column take? Even students in the classrooms on the 2nd and 3rd floors should run faster to avoid blocking the escape routes; students on the 4th and 5th floors should run slower, otherwise they will be in trouble. There is a backlog of people in the corridor, and all these details have been considered and arranged.

There is only one reason why every drill can be done step by step and every detail, that is, the drill should not be treated as a show, but as a real practice. The Wenchuan Earthquake has told people with bloody facts that human life safety is above all else. All schools, factories, mines, enterprises, and institutions must put life safety work at the top of the list and firmly establish a people-oriented mentality. From now on From the beginning, prevention work such as organizing personnel air defense and emergency evacuation drills for disaster prevention must be carried out in a down-to-earth manner, and we must shoulder the heavy responsibility of protecting lives. Once a war breaks out or a natural disaster strikes, losses can be minimized.

5. How to popularize civil air defense knowledge to kindergarten children

In order to deepen the popularization of civil air defense knowledge, on the morning of October 13, Guangzhou Road Community held a "Civil Air Defense Safety" event in Doucaiqiao Kindergarten. "Keep in mind" special publicity and education activities.

This event *** arranges three sessions: civil air defense knowledge Q&A, earthquake and fire drills, and sitcom performances. Civil air defense safety knowledge Q&A; the teachers showed pictures of fire protection facilities, no stepping on, no touching, safe passages and other civil air defense knowledge pictures, and asked the children to answer the questions. The children answered the questions enthusiastically and gained knowledge in a warm atmosphere. Earthquake and fire escape drills; following the "earthquake" signal, the children immediately got under the desks, and the drills enhanced the children's self-rescue and escape abilities. The final performance was a daily safety melodrama performance. The above colorful activities are educational and entertaining, allowing children to gradually establish safety awareness and understand some air defense and disaster prevention knowledge from an early age.

Since Guangzhou Road Community started the work of bringing civil air defense into the community, it has taken the introduction of civil air defense into kindergarten as a feature of community civil air defense education, and strives to create a social atmosphere for learning civil air defense knowledge and mastering air defense and disaster prevention skills. It has cooperated with Doucaiqiao Kindergarten Special civil air defense activities have been held for four consecutive years, forming a normalized cooperative organization, leaving the mark of civil air defense in the hearts of kindergarten children.

6. What should we do during air defense drills

1. Be familiar with the evacuation routes and sequences, achieve orderly and rapid evacuation, and orderly evacuation after the evacuation is completed.

2. Resolutely adhere to the principle of "don't panic when in danger, move quickly, and retreat in an orderly manner." Through emergency avoidance and evacuation drills, participants can experience and initially master emergency avoidance methods and skills. They must pay high attention to safety during the drill and speed up their escape while ensuring the safety of personnel.

3. Plan everyone’s route reasonably to avoid congestion and stampedes. Organize personnel to check the evacuation situation to see if anyone is stranded.

4. Prepare food, drinking water, lighting, medicine, raincoats, radios and other items in advance to increase the authenticity of the drill. You can contact an ambulance in advance.