Tobacco production

At present, China's provinces or provinces have formed large groups and China Tobacco Company, all of which have their own advanced management methods and corresponding management regulations on tobacco leaf selection. However, in general, the technical center should formulate the technical requirements for tobacco leaf selection and processing, formulate the selection standard samples and tobacco leaf selection scheme according to the receiving grade, quality and quantity reported by the tobacco leaf receiver and combined with the production needs, and the relevant departments will sign the selection and processing agreement with the selection and processing unit and send it to the selection.

For example, the working procedures of China Tobacco Industry Company are as follows:

As shown in the figure: work flow chart

From the flow chart, it starts with the cigarette receiver and ends with the supervisor, but in many companies, the cigarette receiver and supervisor are all undertaken by the quality inspector and supervisor. Whether and how to select tobacco leaves is basically based on the quality of tobacco leaves, and the quality of tobacco leaves depends on the quality and purity of tobacco leaves at the time of receiving. Therefore, tobacco leaf acceptance plays a very important role in tobacco leaf selection. The tobacco leaf receiving, selection supervision and supervision are probably the same personnel, so they should be responsible not only to the company, but also to the tobacco leaf recipients themselves, which is very beneficial to tobacco leaf selection and threshing and redrying in the later period.

Tobacco receiving is a job with a strong sense of responsibility, so we must master the key controls in many jobs.

Main points of tobacco receiving control:

1. allocation plan: the allocation plan is determined according to the purchase and sale contract and is the basis for tobacco allocation and reception. When receiving tobacco leaves, it is necessary to check whether the origin, grade and quantity of the transferred tobacco leaves are in line with the plan, and receive tobacco leaves strictly according to the plan.

2. Grade quality: strictly control grade purity, moisture, impurities and mildew. The better the control, the better the choice.

3. Received quantity: After the tobacco leaves arrive, carefully check whether the origin, grade and quantity listed in the attached documents are consistent with the transported tobacco leaves, count the number of pieces, conduct random inspection and weighing according to regulations, and make records. When filling in the weighing list, carefully fill in the grade, number of pieces, gross weight, tare weight, net weight, car number, etc. To ensure that the data is accurate, clear, error-free and traceable.

4. Storage record: the received tobacco leaves are stored and recorded, including the cargo area, warehouse, stacking position, grade and quantity. The technical requirements for tobacco leaf selection and processing mainly include the following aspects:

1, dealing with environmental requirements.

2. Selection requirements.

3. Select the moisture requirement of tobacco leaves.

4. Select process requirements.

5. After picking tobacco leaves.

6. Storage requirements of selected tobacco leaves.

Among these six requirements, processing environment, personnel selection and moisture selection are objective conditions. Selecting process requirements, and marking the picked tobacco leaves as process control; The storage requirements of selected tobacco leaves are both objective conditions and control factors. Tobacco leaf selection can be divided into two types according to the form: sheet tobacco selection and sorting tobacco; According to different sorting requirements, tobacco sorting can be divided into two types: sheet sorting and handle sorting. The selection process is divided into assembly line selection and pure manual selection.

In foreign countries, photoelectric color sorter adopts photoelectric color change and automatic leaf selection, while in China, manual leaf selection is generally adopted.

As shown in the figure: tobacco leaf selection classification map

Description:

1. The tobacco leaf selection mentioned in this drawing refers to the tobacco leaves that enter the selection workshop after the selection scheme is formulated.

2. Sliced tobacco selection is the selection of finished sliced tobacco produced by threshing and redrying again, most of which are purchased, and will not be discussed here.

3. Choosing cigarettes means choosing the original (first-baked) cigarettes.

4. Single leaf seed selection is seed selection, that is, unpacking and unpacking, and single leaf seed selection of tobacco leaves.

5. Pick the packages one by one.

6. Assembly line selection refers to manual selection of assembly line selection equipment.

7. Pure manual selection, that is, booth selection: put the cigarette packets into the selection position one by one, and carry out manual unpacking selection. (1) processing environment

In the technical requirements, the processing environment (including temperature, light source, illumination and color) of the site should be specified accordingly. However, due to the different regions, venues and equipment of the selected manufacturers, the objective conditions are also different. Manufacturers with more sites and equipment can use them selectively according to user requirements. However, due to the fixed and limited space of most manufacturers, there is not much choice. How to use the existing conditions to implement the technical requirements, we need to try our best to tap the potential of point selection and make up for the lack of conditions to meet the requirements of technical requirements and complete the task of tobacco point selection.

For example, if the temperature is low in winter and tobacco leaves are easily broken, you can contact the processing enterprises to put on the heating properly, or put up windows and curtains to increase the indoor temperature; Insufficient light can make processing enterprises increase lighting; In case of dim light, poor eyesight and unclear color discrimination on cloudy days, you can temporarily stop choosing; If the air is dry, you can often mop the floor with a wet mop without damaging the tobacco leaves and increasing the relative humidity; If there are red, yellow, blue, green, purple and other colors that affect the color discrimination of tobacco leaves, the processing enterprises should be informed in time to take measures to cover them or paint them in gray or white tones;

(2) Selection of personnel

The selection personnel of processing enterprises should be fixed, color blind and qualified through professional training. But some manufacturers can't do it, especially in the busy farming season in rural areas, it is more difficult to recruit people, and the technical level of leaf selection personnel is uneven, which affects the quality of tobacco leaf selection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen supervision, especially in pure manual sorting, to check every packet of tobacco leaves selected by candidates with poor sorting skills, and never let go of green, mildew, paste, miscellaneous and low-grade tobacco leaves that should be eliminated as qualified tobacco leaves.

(3) selecting the moisture content of tobacco leaves

Selecting the moisture of tobacco leaves includes two parts: one is the moisture of tobacco leaves before selection, and the other is the moisture of tobacco leaves after selection. The moisture content of tobacco leaves before selection is an important factor affecting tobacco leaf selection. The moisture content should be no less than 15%, and the optimum moisture content is 17%- 18%. If the moisture content is too low, it is easy to break, and if it is too high, it will be moldy and cause undue losses. Therefore, the selection of supervisors should strengthen their sense of responsibility, be familiar with and master the situation of selecting raw materials, and conduct moisture detection on each batch of tobacco leaves before picking. If it is lower than 15%, it is necessary to contact the relevant departments for moisture regain in time. The moisture content of picked tobacco leaves is generally maintained at about 65438 06%. If the water content is too high and the leaves cannot be threshed in time, the picked tobacco leaves will become moldy.

(4) Preparation before selection

1, issue a selection notice according to the selection scheme, and input raw materials in batches for selection.

2. Before selection, the supervisor should first show the sample of the selection form to the person in charge of inspection in the selection workshop and put forward the selection requirements. Then explain the technical requirements to the selection personnel together with the inspectors, approve the standard samples and put forward the standards.

3. The selected site must be clean and sanitary, free from pollution sources and peculiar smell.

4. Before selection, the tobacco leaves, fragments, picking, mildew, paste, impurities and packaging materials selected in the previous batch should be cleaned up together to avoid confusion and dislocation of the two batches of tobacco leaves.

5. Confirm the batch, grade and quantity of raw materials entering the material selection workshop according to the material selection scheme, so as to prevent the wrong materials from being pulled and thrown.

Matters needing attention and control points in tobacco leaf selection (process requirements)

1. Notes on film selection (single leaf):

(1). Slice selection is suitable for grade A special tobacco leaves, and it is the raw material for producing high-grade cigarettes. It belongs to one of the "five sheets" of single selection, single column, single selection and single storage. In addition to eliminating the green, mildew, paste, miscellaneous, low-quality and miscellaneous tobacco leaves that seriously affect the quality of tobacco leaves, it is necessary to select and eliminate cigarette packets one by one. The required qualification rate is ≥95%. (Standard samples are generally prepared according to the above requirements)

(2) The selection of Class A special tobacco leaves is of great responsibility, which is related to the stability and survival of high-grade cigarettes and the interests of entrusted processing enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen patrol inspection, improve the sense of responsibility of selection personnel, and select in strict accordance with technical standards and standard samples. In addition, because the flow of the assembly line is too large, it is not suitable for selecting slices (single leaves), and only pure manual selection can ensure the quality of selecting slices (single leaves).

2. Control points of blade (single leaf) selection (there are corresponding requirements in various places, generally including the following points):

(1), the orange color control is within this level of color gamut, and the lemon color control is within the upper limit of this level of color gamut:

(2) Identity control is within the requirements of this level;

(3), oil content control in the upper limit of brand requirements;

3, election matters needing attention:

(1) Selection is suitable for the selection of B-type special tobacco leaves and general tobacco leaves, and occupies a large proportion in tobacco leaf selection. According to the different selection methods of machining units, it can be selected manually or by assembly line.

(2) Although the efficiency of pure manual selection is low, those that do not meet the requirements after re-inspection can be re-selected, and tobacco leaves with serious green, mildew, paste and impurities can be carefully selected regardless of time, thus ensuring the quality of tobacco leaf selection.

(3) The supervisor should cooperate with the inspectors of the processing unit to check every "booth". If unqualified sorting is found, it shall be corrected immediately, and the selected tobacco leaves shall be inspected regularly with standard samples to prevent green, mildew, paste and impurities from entering the selected tobacco leaves.

(4) The assembly line has high production efficiency and is suitable for large-scale tobacco leaf selection. However, due to the limitation of equipment flow, it is impossible to make detailed selection. This requires the selection supervisor to lean against the workshop, supervise and inspect the whole process from unpacking and putting the handle to loading the selected tobacco leaves, and strictly limit the process. When problems are found, they should be put forward to the relevant personnel in the workshop in time to ask them to correct them, so as to ensure that the quality of tobacco sorting meets the technical requirements and the quality of standard samples.

(5) During the selection, attention should be paid to the elimination of tobacco leaves with large internal grade differences and inferior tobacco leaves to ensure the quality of tobacco leaf selection.

(6) Due to the flow and time limitation of the assembly line, it is not suitable for tobacco leaves with serious green, mildew, paste and impurities to enter the assembly line for selection.

(7) After picking, the tobacco leaves should be classified and stored with clear and correct marks.

4, select the control point:

1, strictly control the grade purity, and eliminate inferior and variegated tobacco leaves as required.

2, eliminate green, mildew, paste, miscellaneous, polluted tobacco leaves and non-tobacco substances (especially the first and second kinds of debris).

3. Class B special materials need to be smoke-removed, the qualified rate is ≥90%, and the mixed part does not exceed 5%.

(6) selecting the next tobacco leaf.

In the process of tobacco sorting, in addition to ensuring the quality of the upper sorted tobacco leaves, the lower sorted tobacco leaves should meet the technical requirements, and should be stored separately, labeled and threshed and redried according to the tobacco sorting scheme.

(7) Identification of picked tobacco leaves

Identification is the identification code of tobacco batch and grade. Tobacco leaves entering the selection workshop may produce several grades after selection. In order to make the output level clear and orderly, the logo must be posted in time.

Note: the label must be filled in according to the tobacco leaf selection scheme and tobacco leaf batch coding method.

Requirements: Fill in clearly and correctly, and hang (paste) firmly.

(8), classified storage and measurement

1. Different tobacco leaf selection methods have different requirements. According to the requirements of tobacco formula, there are original tobacco leaves selected at the original grade, and there are also two grades that need to be selected at the upper and lower levels. Therefore, it is necessary to measure, classify and identify each grade of the selected output, and put it on a single certificate of deposit in strict accordance with the product selection scheme. Accurate measurement, correct identification, orderly storage, and no mixing and misplacing.

2. The picked moldy tobacco leaves contain mold, which will infect other leaves. If it is mixed with qualified tobacco leaves, it will cause tobacco leaves to mildew again during storage, resulting in losses. Therefore, the picked moldy tobacco leaves should be transported out of the selection workshop in time after measurement and stored separately to prevent pollution to the next batch of tobacco leaves.

(9) Storage requirements of selected tobacco leaves

1. The picked tobacco leaves should be stored indoors at a temperature below 35℃. Before storage, the storage place should be inspected to ensure that there are no chemicals, smells and direct sunlight that affect the quality of tobacco leaves.

2. The picked tobacco leaves are easy to be broken due to water loss during the selection process. Suitable for caging and avoiding overstock. Storage time should not be too long. It is best to thresh leaves in time after picking a batch. If temporary storage is needed, it should be packed with hemp chips, and effective measures should be taken to prevent tobacco leaves from mildew, flushing and mimeograph. (A), love their jobs and dedication

Tobacco leaf selection is a further refinement of tobacco leaf processing to improve the grade purity and use value of tobacco leaves and provide high-quality raw materials for cigarette production. Therefore, tobacco leaf selection is a glorious and arduous task. To accomplish this task, tobacco leaf selection personnel and supervisors need to establish the spirit of loving their jobs and being familiar with their business, study hard and study business knowledge, enrich their work experience, carry forward the professionalism of not being afraid of hardships and tiredness, cooperate well and jointly complete the task of tobacco leaf selection.

(2) It takes four diligence to do a good job in tobacco leaf selection.

To do a good job in tobacco leaf selection, you need to be diligent in your brain, mouth, legs and hands.

Brain diligence is to use your brain and find ways to complete the selection task with good quality and quantity;

Word-of-mouth instruction means frequently asking, talking, and telling the selection personnel about the standards and requirements, frequently asking about the selection situation, finding problems and solving them in time, and timely proposing improvement suggestions for those who do not meet the selection requirements, ensuring the selection quality and maintaining the selection progress;

Running errands means going down to the warehouse to check whether the raw materials entering the selection workshop are consistent with the original storage area, stacking position, grade and quantity, so as to prevent pulling the wrong raw materials and throwing the wrong materials and avoid undue losses;

Manual service is to regularly check the selected tobacco leaves according to technical standards and standard samples, and strictly control them, and rework and select those that do not meet the quality requirements until they are qualified. And often check whether the labels of the picked tobacco leaves are correct.

(3) Check the data report in time.

1, before selection. When issuing the Notice of Tobacco Leaf Selection, it is necessary to check whether each batch, grade and quantity of tobacco leaf selection scheme are consistent with the raw materials received.

2. In the selection process. Record the grade and quantity of the selection every day, master the selection situation, and facilitate the subsequent selection work; 3. after selection. Fill in the input-output table of tobacco selection in time, requiring accurate data, clear columns and timely reporting for superior.

Relevant departments timely grasp the selection progress, timely arrange the selection of the next batch of tobacco leaves and threshing and redrying the picked tobacco leaves.

Although the procedures and requirements for tobacco leaf selection vary from place to place, they are basically the same. As long as the processing entrusting parties are serious and responsible for the selection work based on the principle of mutual trust and cooperation, adhere to the "two supremacy", fully realize that each tobacco leaf is the property of the state, and ensure the quality of tobacco leaf selection is to safeguard the interests of the state and consumers, we will certainly be able to do a good job in tobacco leaf selection and provide high-quality raw materials for cigarettes.