Development prospect of telecom e-commerce

In today's society, the world economy has started a new round of growth, the trend of economic globalization has been continuously strengthened, and the "new economy" led by the information technology industry is in the ascendant. Although there is no unified opinion on the formulation of new economy such as electronic economy, network economy, information economy and knowledge economy, all walks of life agree that the focus in the near future is the new economy of e-commerce based on the Internet.

First of all, global e-commerce has developed rapidly.

E-commerce has brought great impact to traditional business activities, and its prominent symbol is to increase trade opportunities, reduce trade costs, simplify trade processes and improve trade efficiency. E-commerce has greatly changed the business model. It has led to changes in the economic structure. In developed countries, the development of e-commerce is unprecedentedly prosperous, and trading through the Internet has become a trend.

With its highly developed information technology advantages, the United States is fully promoting global e-commerce. 1in July, 1997, the U.S. government officially promulgated the Global E-commerce Policy Framework, which set off a worldwide e-commerce upsurge. From 65438 to 0998, the global e-commerce transaction volume was102 billion USD. It is estimated that the e-commerce transaction volume will reach 1.3 trillion US dollars in 2003, accounting for about 1/4 of the total world trade, and will reach 2-3 trillion US dollars in 2005.

The development of e-commerce has received great attention in the United States and Western Europe. The U.S. Department of Commerce believes that e-commerce will be the only driving force for economic growth in the 2 1 century. The development of e-commerce in the United States began in the 1980s, reaching 1995. With the development of Internet technology, the traditional business model has gradually given way to the virtual online e-commerce model. At present, the United States has accounted for 85% of global Internet trade. E-commerce has become the main mode among the leading companies in the information technology industry in the United States; In the whole information technology industry, it has become the mainstream way; In the transformation of traditional industries with information technology, it has become the dominant way. According to the survey of American Retailers Association (NRF), for Resea Serch Company and Greenfield Online Company * * *, in July 2000, the US e-commerce sales amounted to US$ 4 billion, and from June 2000 to July 2000, the cumulative US e-commerce sales amounted to US$ 22.868 billion. In addition, the U.S. government also stipulates that since 2002, the trade between the United States and other countries and regions in the world will no longer use traditional text exchange, but use electronic trade data. Starting from 1999, giants in electronic appliances, automobiles, steel and other industries have announced online purchasing plans.

The British government is determined to develop the most advanced e-commerce in the 2 1 century, and increase the proportion of households using e-commerce to the top of the seven western countries. To this end, the British cabinet appointed the Minister of Electronic Commerce to be responsible for the implementation of electronic commerce laws and regulations. 1999, Britain spent 2 billion pounds on the Internet, and the government encouraged people to learn to surf the Internet. By 2002, all procurement opportunities of the central government will be published and received in electronic form, and enterprises must do business with the government online. To this end, in the spring of 2000, a national network consisting of 100 local consultation centers was established in Britain to help enterprises get online. In the budget, a new capital investment subsidy is introduced, so that small enterprises can immediately write off the total investment cost of e-commerce equipment. It is estimated that by 2005 at the latest, all government services in Britain will be online. Generally speaking, Britain is trying to catch up with other advanced countries and become the largest e-commerce market in Europe.

Japan is relatively backward in developing Internet and e-commerce, but in order to catch up with the situation, it has also taken new measures. The Cabinet of Japan established the Association for the Promotion of Electronic Commerce, and the government opened the telecommunications and financial industries, which made great progress in the development of the Internet. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry has invested nearly $654.38 billion to support the technological development and experiment of e-commerce. When developing e-commerce, Japanese folks pay attention to the combination of e-commerce and existing conditions in Japan. E-commerce has brought a good opportunity for Japan's economic adjustment.

Canada's E-commerce Strategy promulgated by Canadian Prime Minister 1998 puts forward the goal that Canada will enter the ranks of advanced countries in e-commerce in 2000.

All these reflect the strategic goal of developed countries to seize the commanding heights of the global market through e-commerce. At present, most leading e-commerce companies in the United States are optimistic about Asia and China, and are adjusting the personnel and resources in Asia to prepare for the upcoming climax of e-commerce development.

E-commerce is an important opportunity for developing countries. Due to historical reasons, China lost a great opportunity to keep pace with the world in the first two industrial revolutions. However, in the competition of the new economy, China is striving to keep pace with the advanced countries in the world.

1994 the primary form of e-commerce began to appear in China. So far, securities companies, financial settlement institutions, civil aviation booking centers, credit card issuance and other aspects have successfully entered the field of e-commerce and conducted a large number of reliable transactions. These constitute the basis for the development of e-commerce and have accumulated rich experience for further development.

From 1996 to 1999, IT vendors and media have played a leading role in promoting the development of e-commerce. After 1999, some large enterprises involved in e-commerce, mainly e-commerce service providers, have become the main force to promote the development of e-commerce. Since then, e-commerce in China has really started. In all parts of the country, especially in large and medium-sized cities, e-commerce is surging, and a number of excellent e-commerce enterprises such as 8848, Dangdang Bookstore and Elegant Website have risen rapidly. Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai have become the top three e-commerce companies in China, among which Shanghai is the most important. At present, domestic e-commerce enterprises are gradually expanding from trade, retail and other industries to traditional manufacturing industries, and e-commerce has become an important landscape of China's new economy.

According to the latest statistics released by China Internet Network Information Center, by June 30th, 20001year, the number of netizens in China will be about 26.5 million, and it is expected to reach 40 million in 2005 and 10 billion in 20 10. 1999 there are more than 200 e-commerce websites in China, and in 2000, the number reached1100; The transaction volume of e-commerce in China 1.998 is about 1 billion yuan, 1.999 is about 200 million yuan, in 2000 it was about 800 million yuan, and it is expected to exceed 1000 billion yuan in 2003.

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council regard the development of e-commerce as an important content and strategic task of China's informatization construction. At present, the demonstration project is in progress. The National Informatization Promotion Office has successively approved 17 e-commerce pilots, covering many industries, regions and enterprises, including Jinyao Business Network, Capital E-commerce Project, Shanghai E-commerce Project, China Telecom Hunan E-commerce Pilot, China Post E-commerce System, Wuhan Changjiang Data Communication Co., Ltd. E-commerce Engineering Platform, etc. The contents of these projects have their own emphases and characteristics. On the basis of the pilot, the Guiding Opinions on the Development of Electronic Commerce in China and the Policies and Regulations on Electronic Commerce in China were formed.

Second, the obstacles to the development of e-commerce in China

Developing e-commerce is another severe challenge facing our country. China is a developing country that has directly entered the information society without experiencing advanced industrial civilization, so it lacks the basic supporting facilities necessary for the development of e-commerce, and the high investment in circulation makes it almost impossible for enterprises with logistics to see the hope of making profits from the consumer e-commerce model (B2C).

The research group of the International Statistical Center of the National Bureau of Statistics conducted an investigation and study on the development status of e-commerce in China. From 2658 valid questionnaires, the total e-commerce index of1May 30, 1999 to May 3, 2000 in China and 12 regions was preliminarily calculated and analyzed: in 2000, the total e-commerce index of China was 5 1.96438. The value of e-commerce benefit index is the lowest, which is 37.76; The development of technology and application is unbalanced. According to the calculation, the following conclusions are drawn: At present, China's e-commerce is still in its infancy.

(1) From the perspective of transaction volume, China's e-commerce transaction volume is small, and it has not yet formed a scale in social commodity retail, which is not the mainstream of transaction formation.

(2) Insufficient e-commerce infrastructure.

(3) From the content of the transaction, the transaction is mainly limited to books and CDs, computers and related products, information consulting services, etc. Traditional products are few, and the proportion of physical goods transactions is low.

(4) From the perspective of payment methods, it is mainly cash on delivery, that is, offline payment.

(5) From the perspective of user satisfaction, the overall evaluation of infrastructure, transaction types, settlement methods, commodity distribution and informatization level is not very satisfactory.

(6) From the policy environment, the satisfaction with China's telecom tariffs, investment and financing, security, laws and regulations is not very high.

According to this analysis, there are still the following obstacles in developing e-commerce activities in China:

(1) Old shopping ideas formed by traditional shopping methods. People have doubts about this "invisible and intangible" form of electronic shopping. Kidnapping and fake and inferior products can be seen everywhere in the real trading market. Consumers are still afraid to go shopping in shopping malls, and it is impossible to build confidence in a virtual shopping mall.

(2) The lack of e-commerce environment, including the lack of some relevant laws and regulations. E-commerce is paperless trade, involving the legal status and effectiveness of digital signatures, electronic invoices and electronic contracts. In addition, it also involves information security issues, privacy protection issues, transaction procedures and data exchange standards, as well as tax issues.

(3) The network infrastructure is not perfect. Network is the medium and carrier of e-commerce. Without the support of high-speed communication network, it is difficult to engage in network marketing.

(4) The financial payment method is not perfect. The advantage of e-commerce is that it can realize zero-distance payment and zero-distance purchase and sale. Without safe and effective financial services, especially electronic payment means, it is impossible to achieve "zero distance".

(5) The construction of enterprise internal management information system needs to be strengthened. In order to realize e-commerce, enterprises should realize the unified management and * * * sharing of enterprise information resources, connect enterprises with trading partners with purchase and sale relationships, and establish a rapid response system and a "zero inventory" supply pyramid system, which is the basis of e-commerce application.

(6) The physical goods distribution service system has not been established. Without a professional and socialized commodity distribution service system, e-commerce, especially online shopping, can only be an online shopping directory service.

(7) Lack of support of network knowledge. The procedures of talent preparation and corresponding knowledge popularization need to be improved urgently.

On the whole, China's e-commerce is still in the primary stage, and the transaction means, scope, number of traders, security certification and other aspects are all in the primary exploration process.

Third, the prospects for the development of e-commerce in China

After the initial stampede and blind investment, with the combination of the macro guidance of the government and the rational thinking of network enterprises, China's e-commerce began to develop in a more pragmatic direction and mature. The National Information Office has formulated the overall framework for the development of national e-commerce. Lv Xinkui, vice minister of the Ministry of Information Industry, said that the main ideas for developing e-commerce in China have been determined, including: (1) developing e-commerce should serve the national economy; (2) Give play to the macro-planning and guiding role of government departments in the process of e-commerce to ensure the consistency of relevant policies, regulations and standards of e-commerce; (3) Encourage enterprises to participate in e-commerce; (4) Do a good job in e-commerce demonstration projects to guide the development of e-commerce; (5) Establish and improve regulations and safety management norms to prevent information pollution, and government departments are responsible for the management of core safety technologies; (6) Actively participate in international e-commerce cooperation, formulate laws and regulations, and create a good foreign investment environment. A series of positive and steady measures taken by the state will certainly promote the development of e-commerce in China.

After more than a year's development, the technical problems of e-commerce in China have been basically solved, and the key is what kind of ways and means to operate. Some successful examples show that e-commerce is promising in China. Recently, Kelihua has been in the cloud. Com, which is emerging in the field of e-commerce, just moved the traditional ground empty car distribution to the Internet, broke the boundaries between enterprises and regions, and built an online freight trading market covering the whole country with the help of the Internet, thus solving the waste of resources caused by poor information, avoiding the high investment brought by circulation links, and realizing the close combination of e-commerce and traditional industries. In the past three months, it has achieved a "miracle" of domestic e-commerce with a trade turnover of more than 10 million yuan; At the beginning of this year, the well-known small commodity wholesale market in Hanzheng Street in China also got on the "e-commerce" express train. Every day, 2,000 tons of goods enter the logistics platform through the network, and the current transaction volume is still increasing at a rate of 30% per week. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China Railway will build a railway e-commerce system project, including online booking, online ticketing, online consignment of goods, online claims settlement and electronic data exchange with industrial and mining enterprises and international intermodal transport systems.

From this point of view, taking a business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce road that relies on traditional industries and conforms to the characteristics of the Internet has become the best way to develop e-commerce in China, and e-commerce that conforms to the characteristics of the Internet and the national conditions of China has broad prospects in China.

Fourth, some thoughts on the development of commercial electricity consumption in China

First, first of all, let the whole society, especially leading cadres, reach a * * * understanding. It is of great significance to correctly understand that China's e-commerce is an important part of promoting the informationization of national economy and social services, providing new economic development opportunities and improving the competitiveness of the international market.

Second, we should establish a correct understanding and concept of e-commerce. E-commerce is not only online shopping, but also the integration of network information flow and business operation procedures in essence. It mainly transforms traditional information flow through modern network information technology, and guides logistics and capital flow with network information flow to achieve the purpose of completing transactions quickly, effectively reducing costs and improving efficiency. The development of e-commerce is a social system engineering. The key to the development of e-commerce in China is to vigorously develop the market economy, standardize the market order, and establish and improve the legal and regulatory system, because e-commerce cannot be based on disorderly and closed social economy; From the middle point of view, it is not only the bottleneck of e-commerce development, but also the short board of China's national economic development to vigorously develop logistics, finance, information and other industries. From the microscopic point of view, the motive force of e-commerce development comes from enterprises, which should be modern enterprises with clear property rights, scientific management and competitive consciousness.

Third, the development of e-commerce is a gradual process. As a developing country, China must start from the objective environment and conditions of China's e-commerce development, carefully study the development model and laws of e-commerce suitable for China, and avoid rushing headlong into the herd, only pursuing superficial "electronicization" and ignoring the innovative development of business activities. In view of the obstacles in the development of e-commerce in China, the following countermeasures should be taken at present: (1) Establish a primary system of e-commerce suitable for China's national conditions. (2) Establish a good supporting environment and strengthen information construction from three aspects: the state, enterprises and individuals. (3) Pay attention to demonstration projects to avoid rushing headlong into a herd and disorderly development. (4) Encourage international cooperation in the field of e-commerce. (5) Cultivate professionals in the field of e-commerce. (6) Make scientific predictions and tackle key problems selectively. In the near future, enterprises should be guided to surf the Internet as soon as possible, and the internet access rate of enterprises should be increased from 1 1.3% in 1998 to 30% in 2002, and strive to reach 60% in 2005. Only by improving the internet access rate of enterprises as soon as possible can we increase business opportunities, participate in domestic and foreign business subcontracting extensively and improve our competitiveness in the international market.