Junior high school composition of Huangze Temple tour guide

Engraved statues, Guangzheng Stele, the modern Red Army Stele Forest, etc. Specific historical reasons have endowed Huangze Temple with multiple historical and cultural accumulations. Coupled with the continuous efforts of modern cultural relic workers, Huangze Temple has been displayed in front of the world with its rich and colorful connotations, allowing tourists to appreciate the breadth and depth of ancient Chinese culture, and The greatness and heroism of modern history.

The Empress's True Appearance - Zetian Hall

Zetian Hall is located on the lower floor of the Big Buddha Building, the central building in Huangze Temple. The hall was first built in the Tang Dynasty and was historically known as " "Empress Wu Zhenrong Hall" and "Zetian Shenghou Hall". Now there is a round statue of Empress Wu with a golden body sitting in the hall. She wears a crown with a seated Buddha on her head, a tassel on her chest, half her arms draped in silk, her hands folded in front of her belly in a meditation seal, and she is in lotus position. The seat, with a skirt underneath, is draped on a square stone seat. The crown, robe, and sitting posture are just like those of a bhikshuni. The face is broad and the forehead is wide, which is consistent with historical records. Wu Ze

Tian, ??famous, was born in Guangyuan in 624 AD and died in Shangyangguan, Luoyang in 705 AD. The Song Dynasty's "Nine Regions Chronicles" records: After Wu Zetian became emperor, she "gave her true appearance to be engraved on the temple." This true-looking stone statue has two characteristics:

First, the stone statue's demeanor shows its solemnity and tranquility after ascending the throne.

Wu Zetian was in power for 49 years, reigned for 21 years, was the queen for 28 years, and the empress dowager for 6 years. At the age of 67, she officially changed the name of Tang Dynasty to Zhou Dynasty, ascended the throne, and became the Holy Emperor of the Great Zhou Dynasty.

The second is the stone statue dressed as a bhikshuni.

This is also an example of Wu Zetian’s emphasis on Buddhism and the use of Buddhism to serve her politics. At that time, the state religion that the Li family believed in was Taoism, whose ancestor was Li Er, who had the same clan and surname as the royal family. The ruling ideology was still the traditional Confucius and Mencius. Empress Taizong, the eldest grandson of Emperor Taizong, was a model of virtue. , often living in the palace without leaving the palace, and also carefully compiled "Ten Principles for Women" to educate women across the country. The Tang Dynasty's idea that men were superior to women was still deeply rooted in the ruling class. In Buddhism, there is a saying about the Queen of Wheels. So, with the help of the "Dayun Sutra", Wu Zetian transformed her into a female body and came to the world as Maitreya Buddha, which was more suitable for her political appearance. And received a grand and orthodox explanation. Huangze Temple is a Buddhist temple that was founded in the Northern Wei Dynasty and became more and more prosperous in the Tang Dynasty. It is more suitable to dress itself as the body of Buddha.

People have always debated endlessly about Wu Zetian's evaluation, with praise and derogation coexisting. In the study of ancient Chinese history, there is no other figure that can make historians have such contradictory evaluations. She is unique among China's feudal dynasties

The only female emperor to stand out in an ancient civilization where the teachings of Confucius and Mencius have been passed down for thousands of years. This alone makes Wu Zetian destined to become a full-blooded person who can't "close the coffin" or "conclusively" Charming character.

However, there are several points that are recognized by history. (1) Actively promote the line of enriching the people and attach importance to agricultural development. During her reign, the social economy rose steadily, and the population increased from 3.8 million households in the Taizong period to 6.15 million households in the late Queen's period.

(2) National strength is strong. The four regions of the country's territory, east, west, south and north, reached the extreme level of the entire Tang Dynasty. Military achievements far exceeded those of the Zhenguan period. (3) Appoint people with talents. Several edicts were issued to seek talents, and talented people were given special importance, thus selecting and cultivating a large number of talents. (4) Be good at accepting advice. At that time, even farmers and woodcutters could seek an audience with the emperor to express their opinions. Efforts were also made to improve the status of women, so that the lives of women in the Tang Dynasty were as colorful and lively as they were in the feudal era.

Wu Zetian's political career is a complex combination, and her limitations are also prominent. He made mistakes by overusing cruel officials, appointing relatives, disrupting punishments, and killing innocent people indiscriminately, which caused some disasters and damage to the country.

The behavior of Wu Zetian, Er Zhang and others in doting on her male favorite Xue Huaiyi has always been one of the focuses of criticism.

But which of the ancient emperors did not have "three palaces, six courtyards, and seventy-two concubines"? Male emperors were like this, but female emperors were not?

Feudal orthodox historians derogated this as "hen Si Chen" "Fornication in the palace" will lead to "chaos in the world". However, during the decades Wu Zetian was in power, there was not a large-scale peasant uprising.

For a woman to become emperor, it requires extraordinary ability and wisdom, courage and courage! At that time, no matter the military generals who had experienced the battlefield or the civil servants who were rich in knowledge, they all knelt at the feet of a woman. As Mr. Lu Xun said: "When Wu Zetian is emperor, who dares to say that men are superior to women?"

Therefore, the late honorary president of the country, Ms. Soong Ching Ling, once wrote a special comment: "Wu Zetian is the only female emperor in Chinese history and an outstanding female politician in the feudal era." Mr. Guo Moruo also specially inscribed this couplet: "Government

Opened the Yuan Dynasty to macro Zhenguan, and the sword pavilion was bright and beautiful." That is to say, Wu Zetian came to power, inherited and developed the Zhenguan rule of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and inspired the prosperous Kaiyuan era created by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Her merits were spread and praised in the area around Jianmenguan, and her glorious achievements made her hometown Guangyuan I also feel honored.

On the right side of the "True Stone Statue", there is such a monument - the Guangzheng Monument. This monument was unearthed in 1954 when the Baocheng Railway was being built at the entrance of Huangze Temple (the current railway has been moved). The time of inscription on the stele is "the 22nd year of Guangzheng", that is, the Guangzheng period of Mengchang in Shu Dynasty after the Five Dynasties, and it was engraved in 959 AD. The front of the monument is "Inscription of the new temple of Empress Wu of Tang Zetian in Huangze Temple of the Governor's Office of Lizhou in Great Shu", which was erected by Li Fengyu, the Jiedu envoy of Zhaowu Army. The full text has 29 lines, each line has 29 characters. It is written in parallel style. Whenever the word "Queen" or "Tianhou" is encountered in the text, it must be mentioned in the top line. When it comes to honorific words, three lines are left blank. It shows the utmost respect for Wu Houbei. This stele is an early physical material for studying the history of "Huangze Temple", and it is also an important evidence that Wu Zetian was born in Guangyuan. There are two main points. First, it is clearly written on the stele "Huangze Temple". This name is more than 120 years earlier than recorded in the Northern Song Dynasty's "Yuanfeng Jiuyu Zhi"; second, the inscription says "The Queen of Heaven Wu is also a person. "Things

Factual records..." This sentence shows that Wu Zetian was born in Guangyuan when his father was the governor of Lizhou (Guangyuan). The inscription also records that during the Tang and Five Dynasties, Wu Zetian was worshiped as a god by the local people. When a disaster occurred, "the soldiers and the people prayed at the temple of Tianhou, and all responded." As well as the scale of the temple construction and temple property at that time. Later, a spontaneous folk ancestor worship activity such as praying for Empress Wu's blessing evolved into the Guangyuan folk custom of "On the 23rd of the first lunar month, women swim in the river bend" on Wu Zetian's birthday, which is also the Guangyuan custom of September every year. The origin of "Girls' Day" on the first day of the month.

The famous scholar Mr. Guo Moruo used the Tang Dynasty Li Shangyin's poem "Lizhou Jiangtan Zu", Huangze? "Guangzheng Stele" and "Empress Wu's True Appearance Stone Carving" as the main basis to prove that Wu Zetian " There is no doubt that he was born in Guangyuan.

A treasure of stone carving art - the cliff statues of Huangyi Temple

The cliff statues of Huangze Temple were among the first batch of key projects announced by the State Council in March 1961 It is a cultural relic protection unit. The statues are distributed on the cliff at the foot of the east wall of the west mountain in the temple. There are 54 small and large cave niches in the temple, with 1203 statues. The caves were first excavated in the late Northern Wei Dynasty and flourished through the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the early Sui Dynasty. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, after the Tang Dynasty, it gradually became a temple dedicated to the ancestral worship of Empress Wu, and no longer opened niches and statues. No. 45

was excavated in the late Northern Wei Dynasty and slightly modified in the early Tang Dynasty. It is the earliest extant cave in Huangze Temple. It has a square door in front, a flat top and a slightly curved top, 2.76 meters deep and wide. 2.6 meters, a central square pillar is drilled in the center of the cave that leads directly to the top of the cave. There are niches on the three walls of the cave room. One Buddha, two disciples and two Bodhisattvas are carved. The top of the niche is carved with seven Buddhas and eight flying gods. Small gold, one Buddha and two disciples are carved in the niche. Thousands of Buddhas are embossed on the upper plane of the three walls. The center is composed of three parts: the base, body and top of the pagoda.

A niche is carved on each side of the first and second floors. , take the carvings of one Buddha, two Bodhisattvas and three statues.

The main niche in the central pillar represents the three Buddhas (past, future, and present), which refers to the time in an individual's life where the reincarnation of Buddhism is constantly changing. Because of its continuous relationship in time, it is commonly known as "Shu Sanshi". In the middle is

the current Buddha, Sakyamuni Buddha. On the left is the Buddha of the past, that is, the lamp-burning Buddha. The lamp-burning Buddha is a free translation of Sanskrit, also translated as "blooming light". Buddhist scriptures say that all the lights around him were like lamps when he was alive, hence his name. On the right is the future Buddha, Maitreya Buddha. Interpreted from the concept of passing on the mantle, these three people are the three generations of Taishi, teacher and student.

The central pillar was transformed from a pagoda into a grotto. The central pillar cave of Huangze Temple was influenced by the spread of the Central Plains Grottoes in the north. There are niches carved out on the stone pillars and on the three walls of the cave room for monks to worship the Buddha while chanting sutras, so as to obtain what the "Bodhisattva's Prayer Sutra" said: " If a person spins the Buddha and the place where the Buddha stupa is born, he will receive the amount of blessings.

This cave has fine carvings, ingenious structure and simple techniques. It is a rare early grotto.

The "Five Buddhas Cave" is located on the upper floor of the Five Buddhas Pavilion of Huangze Temple. Number 51 is called the "Five Buddha Caves". It was excavated in the late Sui Dynasty. The cave is a large open cave with a square outside and a round inside. A round arched niche is cut inside. The top of the niche is slightly curved and there is a valley at the back. There is one Buddha and two disciples. There are five main statues of Bodhisattva, with two trees in relief and humanoid statues of eight heavenly dragons and eight Dharma protectors behind the statue.

The main figures represented in this cave are: Sakyamuni Buddha in the middle, his disciples Kassapa and Ananda on the left and right sides; and the statue of the attendant Bodhisattva on the outside. The statues are elegant and slim, with the style of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The disciples and Bodhisattvas stand with their knees slightly bent, showing a relaxed and graceful demeanor. The statue uses a sparse and dense method to carve out thin clothing lines, which are gently attached to the slender body, vaguely revealing the stretch and fitness of the limbs, as if they had just walked out of the clear river water, expressing

It shows a strong important artistic style called "Cao Yi Chushui" in ancient Chinese art, and has a strong artistic appeal.

The (Big Buddha Cave) is located on the upper floor of the Big Buddha Building. This niche is numbered 28 and is called the "Big Buddha Cave". It was excavated in the early Tang Dynasty. This cave is a flat horseshoe-shaped cave with a curved roof. The cave is 6.68 meters high and 3.6 meters deep. The main image is a Buddha, two disciples, two Bodhisattvas and two powerful men. The back wall has a high relief sculpture of humanoid images of heavenly dragons and eight protectors. The lower part between the right disciple and the right Bodhisattva is a statue of a donor kneeling on one knee with hands clasped together. High

0.67 meters.

The main figures represented in this cave are: Amitabha Buddha in the middle, 4.9 meters high, is the leader of the Western Paradise in Buddhism. On the left and right sides are the two disciples Kassapa and Ananda; the outer head crown is decorated with orbs The one is Mahasthamaprapta Bodhisattva, and the one with the Buddha in his head is Guanyin. Amitabha, Mahasthamaprapta and Avalokitesvara are also known as the "Three Saints of the West".

The Big Buddha Grottoes are the largest and most exquisite among the Huangze Temple Grottoes. Its shape and layout are close to those of the Five Buddha Caves, and the statues are becoming more and more plump. There are two warriors in the combination. The carvings are exquisite, the depiction is subtle, and the carving techniques are skillful. It is a transitional form between the stepped type and the round knife. It is indeed a unique form of our country. Representative works of early Tang Dynasty stone carvings.

After coming down from the Big Buddha Building, we went to visit the precious silkworm stone comic strip-Twenty Matters of Silkworms.

As we all know, my country’s sericulture production has a very long history. According to archaeologists’ research and ancient documents, as far back as the Neolithic Age, that is, more than 5,000 years ago, our ancestors The wild silkworms in the mulberry trees were raised at home, and the technologies of silkworm rearing, silk reeling and silk weaving have emerged. Among the earliest extant oracle bone inscriptions in my country, there are pictographic characters such as "silkworm", "mulberry", "silk", and "silk". Among the cultural relics unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan, we can see the characters of the early Western Han Dynasty. The silk fabrics are of exquisite craftsmanship. China's sericulture production and silk craftsmanship are unparalleled in the world.

The "Ancient Silk Road"

has left us with valuable cultural relics and sericulture production experience.

However, due to the rise and fall of political affairs over time, there are indeed not many things that have been preserved intact. However, there is such a set of treasures in Huangze Temple - the "Twelve Events of Silkworms".

The Twelve Events of Sericulture is inlaid on the stone wall in the north corridor of the Five Buddha Pavilion of Huangze Temple. It is composed of fourteen stone tablets, 1.3 meters high and 5.8 meters long. The author painted it on a dark gray pear garden stone. , using the technique of incised plain drawing, the lines are soft, the characters have different postures, the composition is exquisite, the carving is exquisite, and it is rich in the flavor of life and the pure local customs of northern Sichuan. It is a rare stone carving art. Treasure.

This series of comic strips begins with the "Goddess of Silkworms", Ma Tou Niang, leaning on her horse and thinking about silkworms, bringing people into a rich harvest situation where mulberry trees are luxuriant, silkworms are fat, and cocoons are long and silky. Then the four pictures of "Selecting Mulberries", "Planting Mulberries", "Treeing Mulberries" and "Plucking Mulberries" show my country's experience in cultivating mulberry trees in the Qing Dynasty; The eight pictures, "Feeding Silkworms", "Rising from Sleep", "On the Cluster", "Dividing Cocoons", "Pickled Seeds" and "Reeling Silk" reproduce the methods of raising silkworms in the Qing Dynasty, allowing people to clearly understand the methods of harvesting at a glance

The entire process from planting mulberry to raising silkworms and reeling silk can be described as ingenious.

The author of this set of stone comic strips is Zeng Fengji, the magistrate of Guangyuan County during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty. In the 17th year of the Jiaqing reign of the Qing Dynasty, Zeng Fengji, a Juren from Beijing Mountain in Hubei Province, took up the post with military merit

The magistrate of Zhaohua County saw that the local people were living in poverty, so he ordered various places to use the vast fields to plant mulberry and raise silkworms. He personally wrote a book and summarized the Promote the technology of mulberry planting and sericulture, and make a series of regulations. This method quickly took effect. By the seventh year of Daoguang's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1827 AD), the thousand-mile post roads in Guang and Zhao counties were all lined with mulberry trees, which were better than the peach blossoms in Heyang and the willows in the south of the Yangtze River. In the winter of that year, when Zeng Fengji was transferred to Songzhou Tongzhi according to the order, he hurriedly produced this set of "Twelve Things about Silkworms and Mulberry" to be passed down to future generations. In the picture, he poured his heart and soul into the strange mountains and strange mountains of Guangyuan. Water is integrated into the painting. Through the beautiful pictures, you can see the beautiful pastoral scenery of Guangyuan, the hardworking silkworm women and the busy villages, which makes you feel like you are actually there. This comic strip is not only a beautiful work of art, but also a rare object for studying the experience of planting mulberry and raising silkworms in Guangyuan area in ancient times. The "China Silk Museum" in Hangzhou collects rubbings here as precious information, and relevant agricultural universities also use them as teaching materials, which shows its value.

Modern cultural relics - the Red Army Stone Slogan Stele Forest

This is the Red Army Stone Slogan Stele Forest, a provincial key cultural relic protection unit announced by the Sichuan Provincial Government in 1980. In 1981, the former commander-in-chief of the Fourth Red Army, Xu Xiangqian, inscribed the plaque "Forest of Stone Slogans and Steles of the Red Army" on it. The appearance of the stele

Lin building is an ancient building, with its west facing east. It covers an area of ??more than three acres and has a construction area of ??400 square meters. In the hall, 58 original stone tablets with slogans and 43 original tablets and a water tank with slogans are displayed in an orderly manner.

Three walls Displayed in the huge full-body glass are 45 important rubbings and slogans of the Fourth Front Army of the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army’s struggle to establish the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base from 1933 to 1935 and the establishment of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Soviet Area.

The entire hall looks solemn and solemn against the floor paved with bluestone slabs. The forest of steles is the best in Sichuan in terms of its rich content, grand scale, and complete protection. Propaganda with stone-carved slogans is a distinctive feature of the Sichuan-Shaanxi Revolutionary Base

It is a unique form of propaganda. These stone-carved slogans, like other documents in the Sichuan-Shaanxi base, have great historical value and are also the basis for people today. A lively classroom to learn modern Chinese history and educate on revolutionary traditions

.