What are the hidden dangers of oil and gas pipelines and their countermeasures?

Under normal circumstances, oil and gas pipelines are very safe, and a large number of oil and gas leakage accidents will not occur. First of all, the bearing capacity of the designed steel plate on the pipe wall is much higher than the pressure of the fluid in the pipe, and the fluid can only flow obediently along the pipe and cannot leak out of the pipe. Secondly, long-distance oil and gas pipelines generally bypass densely populated places such as towns, factories, mines and ground transportation hubs. Even if oil and gas outflow occurs, it will not seriously affect traffic and endanger people's lives and property. Third, all long-distance pipelines are buried more than one meter underground, which is not easy to be damaged or destroyed by ground vehicles, natural environment and man-made. No wonder some people around the oil field often suspect that there are not many oil tankers and the oil field produces so much oil. How can we transport it away without being discovered?

As the saying goes, if you are not afraid of 10 thousand, you are afraid of one thousand. Under the following circumstances, oil and gas pipelines may also be broken and perforated, leading to oil and gas leakage accidents. First of all, natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, mudslides and land subsidence will have a huge external impact on pipelines. Second, pipeline aging and internal and external corrosion make the pipeline brittle, and the pipe wall rusts and thins due to improper corrosion, which reduces the bearing capacity. Third, improper operation will cause pressure retention, and local fluid will be compressed, and its pressure may be greater than the pressure resistance of the pipe wall. Fourth, intentional or unintentional sabotage, mainly refers to individual criminals drilling holes in the pipeline to steal oil and gas, as well as the careless destruction of pipelines by various construction projects. Stealing oil and gas by drilling holes in pipelines is the most serious safety hazard, because it will not only leak a lot of oil and gas, but also cause fire, explosion and personal injury. Sparks generated during drilling and the sharp rise of pipe wall temperature at the drilling site are the kindling of oil and gas combustion! In addition, the pressure in long-distance pipelines is generally 4 ~ 10 MPa (equivalent to 400 ~ 1000 Newton's pressure acting on the inner surface of the pipe wall with the size of a small fingernail). The huge pressure makes the oil and gas spurt out at high speed like bullets, and the field personnel are often burned. It can be said that it is extremely dangerous to steal oil and gas by drilling holes in pipelines, just like taking electricity from high-voltage lines, which often wastes national resources, destroys the natural environment and endangers personal life safety.

1 1. Potential safety hazards of oil and gas pipelines and their countermeasures 0 1 Generally, the pressure in the pipeline is 4 ~ 10 MPa, and the oil can be ejected from the oil stealing port at the speed of 50 ~ 150 m/s, which can hurt people or damage equipment and other items like bullets. Through careful design and construction, especially with the development of computer technology, modern SCADA (Monitoring and Data Acquisition System) is more and more widely used in oil and gas pipelines, which can automatically manage the whole pipeline. The oil and gas depot or oil transportation and filling station can be unattended, and the operators can observe and understand the working condition of the pipeline in time through the monitoring system of the control center, and can accurately control the operation of the equipment. Once abnormal phenomena such as pressure hold-up, oil leakage and deflation occur in a certain place, some pipelines are equipped with special law enforcement personnel to inspect along the line, and the refined oil pipelines are directly protected by the army. The State Council has also promulgated the Regulations on Pipeline Protection, severely punishing criminals who destroy pipelines, dig holes and steal oil and gas, and ensuring the safe operation of long-distance oil and gas pipelines.

Pipeline emergency repair