Industrial architecture based on rationality?

Rationality is a philosophical concept, which refers to drawing logical conclusions after careful thinking and seeking the regularity and inevitability of things through reasoning. Rationalist architecture was formed between the two world wars. At that time, due to the lack of economic strength, many social problems appeared. Therefore, rationalistic architecture was born, which emphasized function, logic, innovation, new technology and new forms, the combination of technology and art, simplicity of architecture, opposition to complicated decoration and emphasis on economy and sociality. From the Enlightenment to modernist architecture, rational factors have always run through architectural creation, and rationalism's thinking on architectural prototype, technology, materials and functions all reflects the rationality and inevitability of social needs.

Therefore, in the pluralistic contemporary era, the application and development of rationalist architecture proves its importance to social development. China Changsha Bosch is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Bosch Company. R&D Center is located in Changsha Economic and Technological Development Zone. The whole building complex is five floors with a height of 23.9 meters. It consists of a tower and an annex room. Its function is an office building, with the lobby reception and power room on the first floor, laboratory on the second floor, office buildings on the third and fourth floors, office floors at the north and south ends of the fifth floor, and energy center in the middle, with a total construction area of 84 12. (Figure 1)

Bosch is one of the largest industrial enterprises in Germany, engaged in automobile technology, industrial technology, consumer goods and construction technology. In recent years, Bosch's automobile technology is entering China on a large scale, and it is committed to the rapidly developing automobile industry in China. The design of Bosch R&D Center in Changsha adheres to the design concept of "people-oriented, sustainable development", embodies the simple and rigorous rational characteristics of German culture, attaches importance to the artistry of technology, and emphasizes the logic of design and the standardization of construction. The basic starting point of this design is to create a pleasant and fashionable humanized space while meeting different use needs.

First of all, take simple form as the first appeal.

Simplicity of form and opposition to decoration are the primary requirements of rationalist architecture in shape and style. The expression of rationalism's simple subject form emphasizes the order of form and the rigor of structure. Not only that, it is also endowed with the appeal of individual emotions.

(a) The prototype of the building is simple and the outline is clear.

In addition to office functions, the project also has some R&D and testing functions. Therefore, the treatment of architectural form follows the needs of function, is cautious in form, and adopts the way of lateral expansion. Because of the large coverage of the building, the number of floors in the main part is controlled at no more than five, which dominates the overall situation and becomes the main body of the whole modeling. The transparent overhangs and colonnade at the bottom naturally blend the auxiliary parts. The outline of the whole building is clear, the lines are tough and capable, steady but creative. By emphasizing the horizontal connection between blocks, it forms an obviously recognizable law and order, showing the typical functional characteristics of industrial design rationality.

(b) The landscape is limited and pleasant.

The creation of landscape, abandoning tedious decoration and using limited space to create pleasant landscape sketches, aims to further strengthen the logical relationship of space. Decorative landscape walls and pools are designed for the main entrance on the west side in combination with the terrain. The landscape wall is made of gray granite, which is integrated with the architectural color system. The roof of the reception hall is designed by planting layers, which is the continuation of greening after leaving the platform, and is integrated with greening after leaving the platform, creating a pleasant environment outside the office area, so that people can not only see the green vegetation in the distance, but also enjoy the flowers and trees nearby. The performance of landscape is organically combined with its environment, which makes it artistic in construction and in use.

Second, based on the principle of "functional rationality"

Rational architectural design based on the principle of "functional rationality" is a logical reasoning process based on factors such as environment, space and demand. Designers seek reasonable design ideas by studying factors.

(a) the overall layout is reasonable, and the building and the site facade are perfectly combined.

According to the requirements of Bosch company and local planning department, combined with the actual situation of the site, in order to coordinate with the overall planning of the whole factory, plate-type east-west layout is adopted. (Figure 2) The original base is a hilly slope, and the location of the building is a slope with large elevation difference. The height difference between the urban road on the north side and the road on the south side is about 6 meters. Therefore, how to combine the terrain to complete the rational layout of the building has become the primary problem of design. After analyzing and comparing various possibilities with foreign designers and owners, it is finally determined that the west side is the main parking area of the factory and the reception area of the first floor lobby; The north side is adjacent to the city road, and the main entrance of the laboratory is set; Only the product exhibition hall and power room are set on the south floor. The plane layout is simple and reasonable, the hall with doors attached to the slope connects the preceding with the following, and the internal space is square and orderly, making each space convenient and efficient. Based on the characteristics of the base, functional spaces with different volumes are arranged on the general plan, and they are integrated with the environment. The seemingly random composition is quite clever, which embodies a kind of structural logic.

(B) clear functional zoning, clear streamline settings.

The functional division is clear, and the space of each area in the plane layout is relatively independent and easy to contact. The reception area faces the direction of foreign guests' flow, and is set between the office building on the second floor and the product display area on the first floor in combination with the terrain. The service route is short and convenient, and it is organically combined with other functions of the R&D building, which is beneficial to management. The logistics entrance is located in the northeast side of the building, close to the city road, which is both hidden and convenient for the entry and exit of daily equipment. The secondary entrance connects the meeting area and the product display area, and the internal office staff are arranged in an orderly and orderly manner, which is full of aesthetic sense of spatial order. The power area reflects the service function space, which is located on the first floor and the top floor respectively, so as to minimize the impact on the office building. Considering the concealment of future land reserve space and equipment access, it is located in the southeast side of the building. All kinds of people and logistics are clear, which makes the internal functions of the building reasonable and orderly and improves the quality of use. (Figures 3 and 4)

Third, pay attention to high-quality construction technology.

Rationalism's attention to technology is mainly reflected in the structural means of architectural details and the rationality of the use of detailed structures. Karubenin Bosch said: "The idealism of architecture is finally best expressed in the details. After the usual overall treatment method is exhausted, details can provide vitality and surprising discoveries for the building. " [1] Visible details are very important for the architectural experience. Because the office building is arranged in the east-west direction, the wall of the building adopts silver-gray steel plate with high reflectivity, which can avoid most thermal radiation. At the same time, the steel plate lining 100 mm thick rock wool thermal insulation material ensures the thermal insulation and energy-saving effect in winter. The external windows are all made of heat-insulating aluminum alloy profiles and hollow coated glass, which greatly weakens the influence of western sun exposure on building energy conservation. An intelligent shutter system is added to the facade, which can automatically control the opening of the shutter by sensing the illuminance and calculating the sun irradiation angle, which can block the direct sunlight and save the air conditioning cost. Therefore, while preventing direct sunlight from entering the room, we should keep good visual effects as much as possible, make natural light reflect on the indoor ceiling and increase the indoor angle. [2] In the detail design of the facade, the light-controlled louver, external wall insulation and external window are carefully studied and strictly controlled, which can effectively achieve the purpose of energy saving and low carbon, adjusting indoor light and achieving a high degree of unity of function and appearance design while ensuring proper indoor illumination. (Figure 10- 13)

Fourth, take modern industrial materials as the carrier.

Industrial buildings take materials as the carrier, which makes the building itself more real, concise and powerful. With the help of the texture of the material, the unique expression and character of the material itself are purely displayed without too much modification, and it is integrated with the whole building to achieve a natural industrial architectural temperament, which is the rational beauty of industrial architecture.

The original intention of the office building design is to build a R&D office building with distinctive features and the spirit of Bosch, and then make it one of the important buildings in Changsha Economic and Technological Development Zone. After repeated consideration, modern industrial materials such as steel plate, glass and aluminum alloy plate are widely used in the whole building. The reception area and exhibition area on the basement level are well lit and transparent. In the aspect of facade treatment, the choice of exterior wall decoration materials gives people a sense of gradual visual transition, and strives to reflect the temperament of office buildings in industrial workshops through the combination of modern materials and exquisite craftsmanship. The interpenetration of different materials and shapes highlights the level and texture of the building. The glass curtain wall, aluminum curtain wall and corrugated steel plate are used flexibly in the treatment of the main materials of the facade, and the silver-gray corrugated steel plate controls the style of the whole building well. The light-controlled aluminum alloy louver outside the aluminum frame glass curtain wall better embodies the composite function of energy saving and decoration. The decorative aluminum plate at the door barrel is dark gray and "Bosch Red". Combined with the design of colonnade, the choice of material scale has also been carefully considered and repeatedly scrutinized, and the effect after completion also gives people the feeling of finishing touch. (Figure 7-9)

V the significance of rationalism in the development of industrial architecture

The design of Bosch R&D Center in Changsha embodies the concept of "people-oriented, sustainable development" and has important economic, humanistic and aesthetic significance. Not only that, it has irreplaceable ecological significance for the construction technology of energy conservation and environmental protection of existing resources and improving energy efficiency, and turns the concept of green building into reality.

(A) improved the comprehensive economic benefits of the building

The office building of Bosch R&D Center in Changsha is simple in design, overall in space and regular in layout, which effectively shortens the project construction period, reasonably controls the cost and puts more funds into the application of new technologies. On the other hand, the design adopts new building materials and construction technology, which improves the comprehensive benefits of the building and makes it have obvious economic value. Nowadays, more and more buildings are pursuing forms and patterns, blindly seeking novelty and novelty, extravagance and waste, destroying the environment and wasting energy. This rationalist "style" of "opposing waste" and symbolizing "golden mean" has been recognized by the public and society, which further illustrates the rationality and inevitability of the social demand of rationalist architecture.

(B) adhere to the "people-oriented", reflecting humanistic care

The design closely combines the natural environment, architecture and manual sketches; Strict and meticulous handling of structural details, adhering to the "people-oriented" design concept, while meeting functional requirements, create a pleasant, comfortable and fashionable architectural environment, so that business people have a sense of belonging and reflect humanistic care, thus transforming into higher work enthusiasm to serve enterprises.

(C) to create ecological harmony between ecological people and buildings

Energy-saving and environment-friendly building materials and building technologies that can improve energy efficiency are adopted in the external wall of the building, so that energy can be converted in an orderly and cyclic manner in the building ecosystem, and an efficient, low-consumption, waste-free, pollution-free and ecologically balanced building environment can be obtained, the concept of green building can be turned into reality, and the ecological harmony between people and buildings can be created. In the case of limited and non-renewable natural resources, this undoubtedly shows great social benefits and ecological significance.

Return to rationalism

Aesthetic characteristics: One of the rational beauty of industrial architecture is the return of aesthetics. When people's aesthetic concept changes, the social recognition of rational beauty makes it a cultural progress and rises to an aesthetic principle. The Bosch R&D Center in Changsha fully proves the aesthetic characteristics of rationalism, such as simplicity, preciseness, logic and order, with its clear and complete space, suitable structural form and exquisite details. The beauty expressed in construction through function, structure, materials and technical means is the beauty of transforming architectural language into technical rationality. This idea of rational beauty has universal guiding significance for the design of industrial buildings.

Conclusion of intransitive verbs

"So, also. Length and size, Fiona Fang's firmness and crispness, light and heavy white and black are the reasons. " ("The History of the Later Han Dynasty"). The rational beauty of architecture is the quality permeated from its unique prototype, function, technology and materials. Architecture comes from use, and it should also reflect its authenticity in production. [3] The designer's duty is to solve the functional and technical problems faced by architectural design with creative and infectious methods, rationally use rational thinking of logic and order, and always run through the process of solving problems in architectural design, making architectural design more rational and spiritual. In the precise and elegant design, the form and temperament expressed by industrial buildings are finally determined, and the design brings people deep feelings.

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