Chinese Translation of Reading Comprehension in Recent Years (CET-4)

Connect upstairs. I'm just superficial. Baidu has a word limit, so we have to change the vest ... the rest will be sent to your personal center by message.

Overnight, the sea swallowed the soft limestone cliff under the garden. While experts were still studying the problem, hotels and those houses disappeared completely and slid into the sea along the cliff.

The corrosion of white cliffs in the South China Sea has always been a problem, but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of houses have to be abandoned because the sea water has penetrated farther and farther inland. Experts studied some of the most affected areas and drew a map for local people to predict the year when their houses will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.

Angry homeowners asked the government to build coastal defense projects to protect their homes. Government investigators point out that this is impossible in most cases. The new seawall will cost hundreds of millions of pounds. It will only make waves and currents rush along the coast and transfer problems from one area to another. They said: this danger may continue until the waves reach the inland made of hard rocks, which will not be eroded like limestone. At the same time, if you want to buy a cheap house with uncertain future, you can apply to the real estate agent in the threatened area on the south coast of Britain. You can buy a house at the lowest price, but it may also be fragile.

Translation of the second paragraph

Exercise is not only a physical challenge, but also a spiritual challenge. Criticism from coaches, parents and other athletes and the pressure of winning will bring excessive anxiety and pressure to young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional and psychological, and research shows that stress can lead to fatigue. Fatigue is always described as the end of a once pleasant activity.

The first few years of adulthood are a crucial period to know yourself. Sports environment is a place where valuable experience can be produced. For example, young athletes can learn how to cooperate with others, how to make friends, and how to acquire other social skills that will be useful to them all their lives. Coaches and parents should always be aware that their feedback to teenagers has a great influence on children. Teenagers may seriously consider the criticism of their parents and coaches and find out their own shortcomings.

Coaches and parents should pay attention to the fact that participating in juvenile sports activities is not a child's occupation. The result of the competition should not be more important than studying sports and other life training. In today's youth sports environment, young athletes may be more worried about who will win than enjoying sports. After a game, many parents and coaches focus on the results and find fault with the performance of teenagers. Whatever the outcome, we should actively support it. Research shows that positive support can stimulate learning motivation more than criticism and is more helpful to learning. Moreover, criticism will also cause great pressure and make people lose hope.

Translation of the third paragraph

The water used by human beings is slightly less than half of the world's available water. But water shortage and drought are causing hunger and poverty in some areas, and industrial and agricultural by-products are polluting water sources. Because the world population is expected to double in the next 50 years, many experts believe that we are on the verge of a large-scale water crisis.

But this is not necessarily the result. If we begin to cherish water resources more now than in the past, water shortage will not necessarily embarrass the world. Just as we began to pay more attention to oil after the oil crisis in the 1970s, today we must start to look at water from a new economic perspective. We can no longer think that we can use as much as we want, but we are actually releasing resources.

On the contrary, except for the water supply needed by poor families, the government reflects the actual value of water in all water prices. This means not only the cost of water supply, but also the cost of water itself.

The government should also use more economical and environmentally friendly methods to supply water to protect this resource. For example, the cheapest way to supply irrigation water in arid tropical areas can be carried out through small-scale projects, such as collecting rainwater in depressions and pumping it to nearby crops.

No matter what measures are taken to supply water more effectively, the government must change the water use system and laws. Instead of decentralizing management power to hundreds or even thousands of local, regional and national institutions, it is better for the government to set up a central institution to coordinate water supply policies.

The fourth translation

By observing the appearance of instant coffee, we can see the process of product life cycle. When it first appeared, most people didn't like it as much as "ordinary" coffee, and it took several years for people to generally accept it. However, instant coffee was once famous, and many brands appeared [rapid development stage]. Not long after, people only liked one brand, and sales leveled off [mature stage]. When freeze-dried coffee appeared, the sales of instant coffee declined slightly.

The importance of product life cycle to businessmen lies in that different stages of product life cycle need different strategies. Its purpose is to extend the product life cycle, so that sales and profits will not be attenuated. One strategy is called market regulation. This means that the sales manager is looking for new users and market share. For example, do you know that the backpacks carried by so many students were originally designed for soldiers?

Market adjustment also means finding new uses among existing customers or opening up another market, such as the market for the elderly. Businessmen can reposition their products to attract new market share.

Another product expansion strategy is called product adjustment. This includes improving the quality, appearance or style of products to attract users or existing users to use new uses of products. American automakers regard improving quality as a way to regain the world market. It should also be noted that automobile manufacturers change their styles year after year to keep the demand from falling.

June 2002 5438+ 10 College English Band 4 Translation

Translation of the first paragraph

Some pessimistic experts think that cars are doomed to be abandoned. They see that one day in the near future, all cars will be abandoned and left to rust. However, other authorities believe that cars will still exist. They think that in the foreseeable future, cars will still be the main means of urban transportation.

There is no doubt that there will be great changes in cars in the next 30 years. It should be smaller, safer and more economical, and should not be driven by a gasoline engine. Future cars should be more pollution-free than today's cars.

No matter what energy is used, cars will still be the main problem of urban traffic congestion in the future. One solution to this problem is the automatic highway system.

When the car enters the expressway system, a telescopic arm falls off the car and comes into contact with the rail, which is similar to the rail that supplies power to the underground train. Once connected to the rail, the car is powered by the system and the operation of the car is handed over to the central computer. Then the computer will monitor all the conditions of the car.

The driver will input the destination instructions into the monitoring system by telephone. The computer will calculate the best route and reserve a passage for the car so that it can drive directly to the right highway exit. Then the driver can rest freely, just waiting for the buzzer to remind him that he has reached the exit. It is estimated that the automatic expressway can transport 1 10,000 cars per hour, while the current expressway can only transport 1500 to 2,000 cars per hour.

Translation of the second paragraph

Foxes and farmers can never live in harmony. These small animals like dogs were condemned for killing farm animals. Foxes are officially classified as pests, and farmers reduce the number of foxes by shooting and poisoning.

Farmers can also ask local people for help to control the number of foxes. Hunting is to hunt foxes in the countryside with a group of specially trained dogs, followed by men and women riding horses. When the dog finally caught the fox. Dogs kill it or hunters shoot it.

People who take part in hunting regard it as a sport. They wear special uniforms with red shirts and white trousers and strictly abide by some rules. But owning a horse and hunting regularly is expensive, so most hunters are rich.

It is estimated that as many as100000 people watch or participate in fox hunting activities. But in recent decades, the number of people who oppose fox hunting has risen sharply because they think it is cruel. Nowadays, there is hardly a hunting without some kind of conflict between the hunter and the blocker. Sometimes these incidents lead to violence, but most obstructionists intervene in hunting by misleading riders or disturbing the smell of foxes followed by hounds.

The noisy conflict between hunters and blockers is very common, and it has almost become as important as the fox itself in the whole hunting process. But this year, supporters of the fox hunting movement face a greater threat. Mike, a member of the parliamentary workers' party? Foster tried to get parliament to approve a new law that it is illegal to use dogs to hunt wild animals. If this law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected by the British prohibition order.

Translation of the third paragraph

For more and more American college students, gerontology has suddenly become a fashion. The reason is obvious: the aging population in the United States means some employment opportunities. With the aging of baby boomers, the extension of people's life expectancy means that the elderly population in the country will inevitably increase significantly in the next 50 years. By 2050, the number of Americans over 65 will increase from 1995 to 14% to 25%. Of course, this change has brought some profound problems to the government and society. But it has also created employment opportunities in the fields of health care, law and business. Edward of the College of Gerontology at the University of Southern California? Schneider said: "In addition to doctors, we will urgently need more sociologists, biologists, urban planners and professional lawyers."

Lawyers can become experts in the laws of the elderly, including property entrustment, real estate, abuse in nursing homes and age discrimination. Businessmen see great business opportunities in the elderly market, because 74 million baby boomers are likely to become the richest retirement group in human history. A professor said: "As long as any student has a professional knowledge and degree in gerontology, such as a master's degree in business administration or a law degree, it is like having a license to print money."

Margaret. Santos is a 2 1 year-old senior student at the University of Southern California. She was a biology major in college, but she found that she was "really tired of bacteria". So she took a course in gerontology and found that she liked it very much. She said: "I am a volunteer in the retirement welfare home, which makes me very satisfied."

The fourth translation

The long-term concern of social analysts about the decline in moral standards has finally attracted the attention of ordinary Americans. As a social analyst, Jane? Bisk? Elton is very happy.

An ethics professor at the University of Chicago said: Ordinary American citizens have now begun to seriously think about the national moral atmosphere, which gives us reason to hope that new ideas will be generated to improve this situation.

But don't underestimate this challenge. Utilitarians in American society are the two biggest obstacles. Ms Alston said: "The idea of' I did it for myself' is deeply rooted in the national consciousness."

Some of these aspects should be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities that care about each other among neighbors, she said. Because of today's greater mobility, many couples work, and this connection has been weakened, replaced by more emphasis on self.

In an American opinion poll from 65438 to 0996, moral decay ranked first among the biggest problems facing the United States. Elston said that the public is right to realize this: data show that Americans are struggling with problems they never heard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and the birth rate of unmarried mothers.

Alston said that the desire to improve moral standards is not an elegy for a nonexistent "golden age", nor is it wishful thinking for an era that refuses to give opportunities to women and ethnic minorities. In fact, most people are in favor of reducing discrimination.

She said that until people overcome the utilitarian methods in society, moral decay is irreversible. "Slowly you will realize that the important things are those you can't buy."

June 2002 CET-4 Translation

Translation of the first paragraph

In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Lach compiled a list of factors leading to stress. They appreciate the confusing view that any major change will bring pressure. Things with negative effects such as "family members are seriously ill" top the list, but turning points with positive significance such as "marriage" are also on the list. When you take the Holmes-Lach test, you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress, but only the degree to which you have to deal with it. We now know that the way you handle these events will greatly affect your chances of staying healthy.

In the early 1970s, Holmes and Rahe conducted hundreds of similar studies. Millions of Americans who live and work under pressure are very worried about this research report. For some unknown reasons, this study is considered as an unforgettable revelation. For example, the title of women's magazine is: stress leads to disease! The article says that if you want to stay healthy, you must avoid things that cause stress.

But it is impossible to adopt this simplistic proposal. Although things that cause stress are harmful to health, such as the death of a loved one, many of them are inevitable. Moreover, any warning that can avoid all stress is actually a prescription to avoid trouble and lost opportunities. Since any change will bring stress, a person who wants to get rid of stress completely should never get married, have children, choose a new job or move.

The idea that stress makes people sick also ignores a lot of our understanding of people. It believes that facing adversity is fragile and passive. So how to treat people's initiative and creativity? After stress, many people are more energetic physically and mentally than in the past. At the same time, we also know that a long-term life without any changes or challenges may lead to boredom and physical and mental exhaustion.

Translation of the second paragraph

Shacott explained that most absentmindedness is caused by inattention, such as not remembering where to put things, or forgetting what to do when you enter a room. You should have memorized something, but you didn't code it carefully.

Schacte explained that coding is a special way to focus on something and has an important impact on future memory. Incorrect coding can lead to very annoying situations. For example, you put your mobile phone in your coat pocket and didn't notice it because you were talking. You probably left your jacket with your cell phone in the closet. Schacte said: "There is nothing wrong with your memory itself, but you have not provided the memory system with the information it needs."

In addition, lack of interest can also lead to absentmindedness. Zalinski said: "A person who can recite sports statistics 30 years ago will probably forget to put the information in the mailbox." Women's memory is slightly better than men's, probably because women pay more attention to the surrounding environment, which is exactly what memory depends on.

Shakot said that visual clues can help avoid being absent-minded. He reminded: "But make sure this is a clear and visible reminder." If you want to remember to take medicine at lunch, put the medicine bottle on the table, never put it in the medicine cabinet, and then write a note and put it in your pocket.

Another absent-minded phenomenon is that when you enter the room, you forget what you want to do. You may be thinking about other things. Zalinski said: "Everyone will do this." The best way is to go back to the place before you entered the room, so that you may remember it.

Translation of the third paragraph

It is difficult to find the trace of the largest animal in the ocean, the blue whale. Commercial whaling almost wiped them out, so now blue whales are listed as endangered animals. It is difficult to install a radio device for the blue whale, and the naked eye observation is unreliable, so it is impossible to observe the behavior of the blue whale carefully.

Earlier this year, biologists were very happy. Because with the help of the navy, they were able to track the blue whale for 43 days by listening to its voice. This is possible because the navy's top secret submarine monitoring system crosses the ocean.

After the end of the cold war, the navy partially decrypted the global submarine monitoring system established for tracking potential enemy ships for decades and began to share it with others. Tracking blue whales is just one example of an exciting new world open to civilian scientists.

At a recent news conference, earth scientists announced that they had used this system for the first time to carefully observe deep-sea volcanic eruptions and planned to do similar research.

Other scientists suggest using this network to track ocean currents and predict ocean changes and global temperatures.

The speed of sound propagation in water is about one mile per second, which is slower than that on land, but faster than that in air. Most importantly, different levels of seawater can be used as sound channels, collecting sound like a stethoscope, and transmitting the faint sound of the patient's chest to the doctor's headphones. This convergence of sounds can explain why even relatively weak sounds (especially low-frequency sounds) can travel thousands of miles in the ocean.

The fourth essay

The fitness exercise originated from the late 1960s to the early 1970s is mainly aerobic exercise. Millions of people take part in various aerobic exercises. In order to take advantage of people's interest in this new fitness sport, especially women's interest in aerobics, thousands of fitness centers have indeed appeared all over the country. Many fitness centers appeared before the rise of aerobic fitness, and even national chain fitness centers appeared in most big cities. However, their focus is not on aerobic exercise, but on weightlifting. These activities are mainly designed for male fans, aiming at strengthening muscle fitness, enhancing physical fitness and improving endurance. These fitness centers don't seem to get economic benefits from aerobic exercise to promote health, because the medical view at that time was that weightlifting had little or no impact on health. But in recent years, bodybuilding training has become more and more popular among men and women. At present, the focus of many projects is not only to exercise muscles and endurance, but also to pay attention to aerobic fitness.

Historically, most physical fitness tests usually include muscle strength and endurance, which is not for health, mainly because these health indicators are related to sports performance. However, recent evidence shows that training programs designed mainly to enhance muscle strength and endurance are also beneficial to human health. The American College of Sports Medicine suggests that weightlifting training should be part of the fitness program for healthy Americans. In 2000, more and more people participated in this kind of training, which was one of the specific sports activities and fitness goals of the National Health Year in 2000-promoting national health and achieving the goal of disease prevention.

June 2003 5438+ 10 College English Band 4 Translation

Translation of the first paragraph

Like many people of my age, I have the weakness of worshipping heroes. However, we all began to doubt our heroes and our need for them more or less. This makes us wonder: What is a hero?

Although there are great cultural differences, heroes in the world generally have some qualities that guide and inspire people.

Heroes often do things worth talking about. Every hero has an adventure story to tell and someone will listen to his story. But heroes are more than just famous.

Heroes serve rights and norms greater than themselves. Just like a high-voltage transformer, heroes can get energy from higher power and pass it on to ordinary people.

The hero's life is worth imitating. Those who imitate real heroes experience a new life of depth, enthusiasm and meaning. The question to test who will be heroes is: why or for whom do they serve? What are they willing to live for and die for? If the answers or signs show that they are only for their own fame, then they may be celebrities, but they are not heroes. Mcna and Mike? Jackson is a celebrity, but who can say that their admirers think their lives are enriched by them?

Heroes are catalysts for change. They are condescending. They have the skills and charm to impress the public. They can create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be a part of the British Empire. No Rosa? Parks and Martin? Lu Se? Kim, we may also have isolated buses, restaurants and parks. Of course, without these charismatic leaders, large-scale changes will take place, but the pace of change will certainly be slow, the prospects will be uncertain, and the Committee meetings will be endless.

Translation of the second paragraph

According to a survey based on more than 65,438+088,000 students, freshmen of normal age today are "more practical and selfish" than any opinion poll since 65,438+07.

In these difficult years, it is not surprising that students' main purpose is to "pursue economic wealth". Cultivating a meaningful outlook on life is the least important. "So, the most fashionable course today is not literature or history, but accounting.

Interest in teaching, social services and some areas of "altruism" is also weakening. The enrollment scale of business, engineering and computer science is expanding.

The following situation is not surprising. A friend of mine (a sales agent of a chemical company) earned twice as much money as her university teacher in the first year-she hasn't even finished her assistant internship for two years.

It is true that we all need careers, but at the same time, we should also see that civilization has accumulated a lot of knowledge in some fields far from its own careers. Because knowing the contribution of these civilizations, whether scientific or artistic, our life will be better. By studying the wisdom of others, we learned how to think. Perhaps more importantly, education has taught us to discover the connection between things, and at the same time, it has also taught us to explore things beyond our immediate needs.

Every week we read in the news that some unions went on strike for higher wages, but the boss went bankrupt. No company, no job. In the long run, how short-sighted!

But the most fundamental argument of general education should be to improve one's moral concept while learning the wisdom accumulated by predecessors. Recently, I read a cartoon about a group of businessmen sitting around a conference table, looking puzzled. One of them is talking on the intercom. "Team Baxter," he said, "can you call someone who can tell right from wrong?"

In the long run, this is exactly what education should do.

Translation of the third paragraph

New technologies have connected the world as never before. Our earth is getting smaller. Now it is a "global village". By fax, telephone or satellite, the distance between countries is only a few seconds. Of course, foreign language ability has greatly improved our ability to benefit from high-tech communication equipment.

It is modern businessmen who often use this new technology. They attach great importance to the economic benefits of international trade. In today's market, successful overseas business contributes to domestic business activities.

Working abroad has become very important for the improvement of management level. Managers stationed in another country no longer have to worry about being ignored or forgotten. He (she) can be sure that his (her) overseas efforts are the core of the company's successful plan, and promotion is often accompanied by or accompanied by overseas tasks. If an employee can successfully complete a difficult overseas task, bosses will have more confidence in his or her ability to handle affairs after returning to the United States, because cross-cultural considerations and foreign language problems are becoming more and more common in the United States. Because of the relatively cheap communication equipment between various commercial applications, even small American companies can enter the international market.

English is still the international business language. But there is a growing demand for people who can speak another language. A second language is not a necessary condition for finding a job in business, but other things being equal, the language skills of competitors are his winning advantage.

A foreign employee who can speak the main language of the host country can have the opportunity to quickly promote some agreements and can judge when to proceed slowly through cultural insight. Obviously, if the office staff of domestic companies can communicate well with foreign customers by telephone or fax machine, they are very useful resources for the company.

The fourth translation

In recent years, because Israelis are richer and more mature, their consumption demand has been increasing. Traveling abroad is popular all over the country; This summer alone, one in ten citizens will travel abroad. After being exposed to high-standard services from all over the world, Israelis hope to get the same service after returning home. American companies have also flooded into Israel. KFC, McDonald's, Pizza Hut and other chain stores have set new customer service standards to ensure the friendly service of front-line employees through stricter staff training and regular supervision. Even the American idiom "I wish you happiness" to bid farewell to customers is popular all over Israel. Itsk Cohen, the manager of a consulting company, said, "No one will wake up in the morning and say,' Let's be friendlier.' . If there is no competition, nothing will happen. "

Privatization or the threat of privatization is also a stimulus. Monopolists who never cared about customers in the past are now afraid of what Michael Perry, a professor of marketing, calls "retaliating against customers". When the government introduced competition to Bezaq Telephone Company, its international branch lost 40% market share, even though it was competitive in price. Perry said, "People want revenge for years of bad service." The power company's monopoly may be short-lived, and it suddenly no longer requires users to wait for half a day to receive services. Now, any booking service only needs half an hour in advance. The infamous Israel Airlines, which was auctioned off, emphasized the service of retraining its employees and boasted the results of the training in its advertising slogan, "You can feel the change in the air." For the first time, in the customer questionnaire, praise is more than criticism.