Comprehensive information on spring plowing

Spring plowing: chūn gēng, English is spring ploughing, plowing the land before sowing in spring. After the beginning of spring, spring plowing is about to begin. In some areas of China, the custom of trial plowing has been passed down. However, due to different environmental and natural conditions in various places, the methods and times of the traditional customs of spring plowing are also different. Basic introduction Chinese name: Spring Plowing Foreign name: spring ploughing Start time: After the beginning of spring Definition:? Before sowing in spring, plowing the land Chinese Pinyin: chūn gēng Proverb: It is good to plow and harrow, and crops will grow but no grass will grow. Related poems: "February 8" Nippei City Leisure Walk" word definition, spring plowing history, origin, origin, spring plowing customs, spring plowing proverbs, spring plowing poetry, precautions, emperor's spring plowing, climate conditions, spring plowing taboos, word definition meaning: [spring ploughing] plowing the land before sowing in spring . Example: Han Dynasty Chao Cuo's "On Precious Millet Sparse": "Spring plowing, summer cultivation, autumn harvest, winter storage... between the four o'clock, rest on the dead day." Spring Plowing Song Dynasty Zeng Gong's "A Stroll in the North City on February 8th" Poem: "I set up a high pavilion near Beizhu, hoping to take advantage of the long days to encourage spring plowing." Zhou Enlai's "Land Reform and Party Consolidation Work in Old and Semi-Lao Districts" IV: "Where it is estimated that it is impossible to complete the land reform task before spring plowing, the land reform should be carried out The work will be postponed until after summer. "The history of spring plowing was based on agriculture in ancient China. Agriculture pays attention to seasonal integrity. Spring plowing, summer plowing, autumn harvest, and winter storage are all based on the seasons. Ordinary people can only determine the change of seasons by relying on changes in phenology, while wizards with astronomical knowledge can determine it by observing celestial phenomena. In ancient times, observation was usually done when it was just dark (called "twilight viewing"). The star being observed was called "the big fire", and the Western astronomical term was Scorpio a. In ancient times, the "Great Fire" star was visible at dusk during the Spring Equinox. On this day, Huo Zheng observed that the big Mars was located in the center of the south, so he announced to the people that the Spring Equinox had arrived and it was time for spring plowing and sowing. The ancestors of the Chu people probably served as the king of fire in ancient times. This is the origin of Shen Rong's name and the first duty of Huozheng. The Origin of Spring Plowing In ancient times, agriculture mostly practiced slash-and-burn farming. The year's farming work began with burning wasteland. People were nervous about the work and excited by the longing. They regarded burning wasteland as a prelude to a good harvest and held a cheerful and solemn ceremony. "Book of Rites: Jiao Te Sheng" says: "Fire comes out in the spring for burning." It is talking about the ancient ritual of setting fire to burn wasteland. Who will lead the fire that has been carefully preserved all winter into the wild and light the first fire of the wilderness? Of course it is the responsible Huozheng. In autumn, after the fire fades away, a ceremony of "receiving fire" is held to collect the fire. However, the ancient Huozheng were not mainly actual officials engaged in agriculture, but religious shamans engaged in sacrifices. The ancients found it incredible to see the regular movement of celestial phenomena. They always felt that there was a "hand of God" controlling natural and human activities, and the movement of fire was no exception. Moreover, there are wind, rain, thunder and lightning in nature, and there are abundance, misfortune, misfortune, and blessings in the human world. In order to pray for God to bestow eternal blessings on the human world, there is a ceremony to offer sacrifices to heaven. When offering sacrifices to heaven, animals should be killed and placed on the firewood pile. The firewood should be lit and the burning aroma of the meat would float up to the sky along with the clear smoke. When the Emperor of Heaven smells the fragrance of fireworks and meat in the world, he will show great mercy and give it to the human world. Be happy with peace. The task of Huozheng is to arrange, light and guard the pyre for worshiping heaven, and complete the burning ceremony. Spring plowing custom After the beginning of spring, spring plowing is about to begin. In some areas of China, the custom of trial plowing has been passed down. However, due to differences in environmental and natural conditions in various places, the methods and times of the traditional customs of spring plowing are also different. The first paragraph: During the spring plowing trial in northern Guangxi, urban activities were carried out more enthusiastically and grandly than in rural areas. Due to the cold weather in rural areas, people often try plowing for production and farming. They often walk into the cattle pen with an ox yoke and put the ox yoke on the neck of the cow. This shows that the cattle are pulling the yoke to plow the fields, which heralds the beginning of spring and the new beginning of spring. Grain sowing begins in the year, so we should prepare ourselves for the planting season, and don’t miss the opportunity to sow.

Town activities: It is said that in the past, in order to exaggerate the atmosphere of spring plowing and production and urge people to prepare for spring plowing, the government and county offices in the city sent their servants to build a thatched official factory on the wasteland next to the Chenghuang Temple in the county on the day before the beginning of spring. The yamen servants beat drums and gongs, played winds, and carried the county magistrate's spring oxen and plows tied with paper. They walked from the yamen along Yingchun Road to the official factory. People along the road set off firecrackers and threw rice and soybeans at the oxen. It means a good harvest in the new year. After the spring ox is carried to the official factory, incense must be burned to pay homage to the emperor's thick soil in the sky. There are three rituals and three obeisances. The county magistrate takes the lead, and all the squires follow behind to pay homage. Then they recite a prayer to pay homage to the gods of heaven and earth, and then the county magistrate personally helps the plow, After following the spring oxen, a demonstration of using oxen to plow the fields was carried out to signify the start of spring plowing. The shouts of the onlookers echoed through the sky. After the county magistrate tried plowing, the government officials lifted the paper-tied spring ox and paraded it through the streets, reminding people that the new year has begun, grains are waiting to be planted, and all industries are waiting to flourish. Everyone should bid farewell to their laziness and welcome the first day of spring plowing and production. After walking through the streets, Go back to the county government office to do the spring buffalo, and then burn the paper-tied spring cows. The second stage of spring plowing in Caoba Field is in Yaoshan. The head of each family has to carry a hoe to dig a few hoe in the field, or dig a few hoe in the rice field and vegetable garden. This means that in addition to starting the spring plowing, they also have to go up the mountain to cut a few bamboos. Inserting it in the field means planting it, and burying a few seeds in the ground means sowing and harvesting. In some places, the first day of February is regarded as the beginning of the Spring Festival. When they get up early in the morning, every household bangs the lid of the pot for a while to show off laziness and welcome the beginning of spring plowing and production. After breakfast this morning, the man went through the farm tools at home to see which ones needed to be repaired and which ones needed to be replaced, and made decisions one by one. On this day, you can start organizing farm tools yourself or hire someone to do it. After breakfast that day, the women would use the glutinous rice soaked the day before, grind it with a mill, chop the dried vegetables and bacon that had been pickled at the beginning of winter, and stick it into a fragrant filling. Then wrap it in the middle of the glutinous rice cake to make Yangchun cake. , pad it with grapefruit leaves, put it in a pot and steam it, then the whole family sits together and eats a hearty meal of "Yangchun cake". While eating "Yangchun cake", the head of the family told everyone about the production plan and variety arrangements to be planted in the New Year, and asked everyone to work hard to do a good job in Yangchun and strive for a good harvest in the new year. In Hunyuan, Shuoxian, Shanyin and other counties in Shanxi and parts of Hebei and Inner Mongolia. There is a popular folk custom of beating drums to welcome the spring. Before spring plowing, people hold sheepskin circular fan-shaped tambourines, beat and sing, praying for disaster relief and a good harvest after autumn. During the spring plowing and production season of the Honghe Hani people in Yunnan Province, a farmer performance team goes from village to village, performing original songs and dances that reflect the working life of local ethnic minorities, and sings a spring song for the plowing of the spring plowing. Spring plowing proverb: Autumn plowing is deep, spring plowing is shallow. Spring plowing is like turning cakes, autumn plowing is like digging a well. One inch of spring plowing can take up one manure. I refuse to be busy in spring plowing, and my face turns yellow from hunger after autumn. Spring plowing. If you plow well and harrow well, crops will grow but no grass will grow. The crops do not recognize their father and mother, so they cultivate more intensively and harvest more grain. Plant appropriately and closely according to local conditions. If you want the corn to form knots, you will have to do it only if the leaves are covered with leaves. Reasonable and dense planting is really good, only the seedlings will grow but no grass will grow. Close planting is good, close planting is strong, reasonable close planting requires more grain. The grain should be thin, the wheat should be thick, and the cattle should lie down in the sorghum field. Ships are used to prevent beaches, and fields are used to prevent drought. Spring drought is not too early, Akita is half dry. Don’t be lazy during the spring famine. Prevent famine and produce more. Hoe more in the spring and beat more in the fall. The bottom of the hoe reduces drought, and the mouth of the hoe produces gold. There are three things to look at when watering: look at the sky, look at the ground, and look at the crops. One more moth will be caught in spring, and one more basket of grain will be harvested in autumn. Plant trees early in the spring, and control pests in the summer. Killing one insect in spring is better than killing hundreds of insects in autumn. If the fields are cultivated for the winter, the insects will die and the soil will loosen. Spring Plowing Poems There are many poems describing spring plowing at home and abroad. For example: Yao Nai's "Mountain Journey" is a busy and lively picture of spring plowing: "The flying cuckoos urge early plowing, and the spring hoe rushes to take advantage of the early sunshine. Thousand-layered stone trees pass the road, and the sound of water is released from the paddy fields all the way." Wei Yingwu in " "Guan Tian Jia Shi" said: "A light rain brings new flowers, and a thunder starts to wake up. How many days will the Tian family be free? Farming begins from now on." Wang Wei said in "Staying in Zhengzhou": "The father of the field returns home from the grass, and the village boy grazing in the rain . "The spring thunder bursts, the drizzle falls, the grass and trees are reborn, the village boys rain and shepherd, and the farmers sow the seeds, and they also sow the hope for the year. Things to note During the busy season of sowing and raising seedlings, you should pay attention to the following: Sterilize and close good seeds. The specific methods are: ① Carry out sun-drying and seed selection before chemical treatment to enhance seed germination potential and improve seed germination rate.

② Disinfect seeds by soaking them with 25% prochloraz: First, presoak the seeds in clean water for 12 hours, drain them and then immerse them in a 3000-4000 times prochloraz solution, that is, a bottle of 1 ml of 25% prochloraz mixed with water for 6-8 hours Jin, about 6 kilograms of rice seeds can be soaked. After soaking the seeds for 24 hours, take out the rice seeds, and they can be sown or germinated directly without cleaning. It is necessary to ensure good germination and sowing. Seeds that have been soaked and sterilized should not be germinated or should be kept warm and germinated until their chests are broken and white. Seize the favorable weather of warm head and cold tail and sow in time. Seeds that have been coated can be sown directly without any treatment. It is necessary to manage the rice fields well. Urea cannot be used when preparing the seedling fields. It is advisable to apply an appropriate amount of high-quality seedling strengthening agent or a small amount of compound fertilizer. After sowing, the fields should be tightly covered with film to keep them warm. After planting the seedlings, if the weather is sunny and hot, pay attention to remove the film in time for ventilation to prevent the high temperature inside the film from burning the seedlings. When encountering low temperatures, cover the film in time to keep it warm. The Emperor's Spring Plowing The Emperor's Spring Plowing may sound novel, but it was a national ceremony in ancient times, called "Plowing in person" to express the emperor's intention to encourage farmers to harvest crops and pray for a good harvest. Spring Plowing Picture: The emperor of the Qing Dynasty personally plowed the land and chose it to be held on an auspicious Hai day in February or March. Since the Yongzheng period, before the emperor plowed the land himself, he would first go to the plowing field in front of Fengze Garden in Xiyuan (today's ***) to practice plowing to avoid becoming unfamiliar with the plowing. On the day of the official plowing ceremony, early in the morning, the emperor dressed in formal attire and took a carriage to the Xiannong Altar in the south of the city. After performing rituals such as offering sacrifices to the ancestors, the emperor came to the field in front of the Guangeng platform and stood facing south. The Minister of the Ministry of Households knelt down and entered the grass field, and the Yin of Shuntian Prefecture knelt and entered the whip. The emperor held the grass in his right hand and the whip in his left hand. In the front, two old men were leading the cows, and beside them were two farmers holding plows. In the back, the Prime Minister of Shuntian Prefecture was worshiping the green box, and the Minister of Hubu was responsible for sowing seeds. They were guided and escorted by six officials from the Ministry of Rites, Taichang Temple, and Luan Yiwei. , amidst the sound of drums and hymns, after three round trips, the personal plowing ceremony of "three pushes and three returns" was completed. The emperor's plowing was just a courtesy, but there were also cases where the emperor actually plowed the fields. According to "Yangji Zhai Conglu": In the 41st year of Kangxi's reign, Emperor Kangxi inspected the spring plowing situation in Boye in southern Beijing. He once plowed an acre of land in person with a plow. At that time, tens of thousands of people watched this scene. Li Guangdi, a great scholar, specially made a Wenle stone to commemorate his event. Climatic conditions "When it comes to the Jingzhe Festival, the hoes don't stop." When it comes to the Jingzhe Festival, most areas in China have entered the busy season of spring plowing. It is true that seasons wait for no one, and a moment is worth a thousand pieces of gold. The average temperature of the Jingzhe solar term in most areas is generally 12°C to 14°C, which is more than 3°C higher than that of the rain solar term. It is the fastest rising temperature in the whole year. The number of sunshine hours has also increased significantly. However, due to the alternation of warm and cold air, the weather is unstable and the temperature fluctuates greatly. In the Yangtze River Valley in southeastern South China, the temperature is stable above 12°C during emergency periods in most years, which is conducive to rice and corn sowing. In other areas, there are often low-temperature weather with the daily average temperature below 12°C for more than three consecutive days. Do not blindly start early broadcast. Although the temperature rises rapidly in Jingzhe, the increase in rainfall is limited. Spring plowing: The total rainfall during the hibernation period in central and northwest South China is only about 10 mm. After the normal winter dryness, spring drought often begins to emerge. At this time, wheat booting and rapeseed flowering are in a period of greater water demand and are sensitive to water requirements. Spring drought often becomes an important factor affecting early spring yields. This climate characteristic should also be taken into account when planting trees. After planting, watering should be done diligently to improve the survival rate of saplings. Spring thunder scares all insects. Warm climate conditions are conducive to the occurrence and spread of various diseases and insect pests. Weeds in the fields also sprout one after another. We should promptly carry out pest control, cultivating and weeding. "When peach blossoms bloom, swine fever comes." The epidemic prevention of poultry and livestock should also attract attention. Taboos for spring plowing: Insoluble phosphate fertilizers such as phosphate rock powder and bone meal cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash, lime ammonia, and lime. Otherwise, the organic acids in the soil will be neutralized, making it more difficult for the insoluble phosphate fertilizer to dissolve, making it impossible for crops to absorb and utilize it. Alkaline fertilizers such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers cannot be mixed with ammonium ammonia fertilizers. Because the mixed application of alkaline fertilizers and ammonium ammonia fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, etc. will cause and increase the volatilization loss of ammonia and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Farmyard manures such as human and animal manure cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers, plant ash, and lime. Because the main component of human and animal manure is nitrogen, if it is mixed with highly alkaline fertilizers, it will be neutralized and rendered ineffective. Chemical fertilizers cannot be mixed with bacterial fertilizers such as rhizobia fertilizers. Because chemical fertilizers are highly corrosive, volatile and water-absorbent, if they are mixed with bacterial fertilizers, they will kill or inhibit viable bacteria and render the fertilizer ineffective. Ammonia cannot be mixed with human feces, plant ash, potash fertilizer, ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, etc. Ammonium bicarbonate cannot be mixed with plant ash, human excrement, and potassium fertilizer.

Ammonium sulfate cannot be mixed with plant ash and ammonium bicarbonate. Ammonium nitrate cannot be mixed with plant ash, ammonia, etc. If the above fertilizers are mixed and applied, they will cause acid-base neutralization reactions and reduce fertilizer efficiency. Superphosphate cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers such as plant ash, lime nitrogen, and lime. Because superphosphate contains free acid and exhibits an acidic reaction, while the above-mentioned alkaline fertilizers contain more calcium, if the two are mixed and applied, it will cause an acid-base reaction, reduce fertilizer efficiency, and cause calcium to fix phosphorus, resulting in "lose-lose" situations. .