Four major injuries in the construction industry [five major injury prevention measures in the construction industry]

Five major injuries in construction industry and safety precautions

Five major injuries account for more than 90% of all accidents in the construction industry, among which falling from a height accounts for more than 45%, hitting by objects accounts for more than 20%, mechanical injuries account for more than 1 1%, collapse accounts for more than 6%, and electric shock accounts for more than 6%.

1, falling from a height

Parts or operations liable to fall from a height:

1, falling from work near the hole 2, falling from the scaffold 3, falling from the unloading platform.

4. Suspension of aerial work leads to falling. The lightweight board broke and fell 6. The roof fell on the edge.

7. Material hoist and tower crane fall during installation and disassembly. 8. Formwork falls during installation and disassembly.

9. Falling during climbing 10, falling during installation of structures and equipment.

The cause of falling from a height

Human factors:

1) The operators lack safety knowledge, weak safety awareness and weak self-protection ability, which leads to accidents;

2) The operators violate the rules and the managers violate the rules;

3) The management fails to make necessary and timely safety technical disclosure to the operators as required or the disclosure lacks pertinence;

4) The supervisor's supervision work is not in place;

5) On-site management personnel did not thoroughly and carefully check the safety of workers' operating points, did not find hidden dangers in time, did not even urge rectification in time, or even turned a blind eye; Some rectification results of some major accidents meet the requirements and have not been carefully reviewed in time;

Material factors:

1) No effective safety protection facilities were set, which laid a hidden danger for the accident;

2) Safety protection is not in place, or not in place in time;

3) Safety facilities and personal safety protection articles are unqualified, which cannot effectively meet the construction safety needs;

4) Bad working environment, such as insufficient lighting brightness, smooth working face (especially ramp outside the frame, floor edge, house edge), high temperature, severe cold, strong wind, etc. All these factors will lead to accidents;

Safety measures to prevent falling accidents from high places.

1) Strengthen the safety awareness education of operators, constantly improve their self-protection ability, and earnestly achieve the "three no injuries", that is, (do not hurt yourself, others, others);

2) Strengthen inspection and supervision, especially dangerous point sources should be included in key monitoring objects in time;

3) Erect all kinds of scaffolding in strict accordance with the specification requirements, and timely organize overall or partial acceptance according to the scaffold erection scale and construction requirements;

4) For all kinds of reserved holes formed in the construction process, fences or cover plates shall be set up in time, and effective and eye-catching warning signs shall be set up when necessary;

5) Carry out regular physical examination for workers working at heights to prevent those with contraindications (such as hypertension and heart disease) from working at heights;

6) Wear safety belts and safety helmets correctly when working in places where protective facilities cannot be erected or independent climbing operations can be carried out;

7) Do not engage in aerial work in gale or heavy rain, heavy snow or foggy weather with magnitude 6 or above;

8) Earnestly implement the responsibility system for production safety at all levels, especially strengthen the safety management of production teams, and ensure safety education before class, safety publicity in class and safety inspection after class (with or without hidden dangers).

Step 2 collapse

The types of collapse accidents mainly include:

1), foundation pit earthwork collapse 2), scaffolding collapse 3), formwork collapse.

4) Floor collapse 5) Wall collapse

Safety measures to prevent collapse accidents

1, pit, ditch, trough earthwork excavation, the depth of more than 1.5 meters, must be in accordance with the provisions, slope or support.

2, the excavation of earthwork construction should be carried out from top to bottom, it is forbidden to use the operation method of hollowing out waste, and drainage measures.

3. The excavated soil shall be placed or shipped out according to regulations, and shall not be piled up along fences or temporary buildings at will.

4, foundation pit, pit slope and support system should be checked at any time, found that the slope has cracks, loose and other dangerous signs, should immediately evacuate personnel to take reinforcement and other measures. , eliminate hidden dangers.

5, all kinds of template support, must be in accordance with the template support design requirements, the spacing between the vertical pole and the crossbar must meet the requirements, can't shrink and expand, especially the use of wood support construction method, to prevent the template concrete construction collapse.

6. In the process of construction, the quantity and weight of building materials, templates, construction machinery, machines and tools or other materials piled on the floor or roof must be strictly controlled, so as to avoid the load being too concentrated, which will cause the floor or roof to break and collapse.

7. When installing and dismantling the large formwork, the tower crane driver and the commander should always check the rigging and cooperate closely to ensure that the formwork is stable, stable and in place, so as to prevent the formwork from swinging too much and colliding with other objects, resulting in collapse.

8, demolition project must prepare the construction scheme and safety technical measures, approved by the superior department technical director rear can start, simple demolition project, also want to formulate effective and feasible safety measures.

9. Demolition of buildings should be carried out from top to bottom. It is forbidden to demolish several floors at the same time. When one part is demolished, other parts should be prevented from collapsing.

10, templates or other materials shall not be stacked on the shelf to prevent the shelf from collapsing.

3. Object impact

The main types of object attacks

1), materials and tools. Fell on the outer frame and hit it.

2), the hole, limb materials or tools fall.

3), cross homework caused by the object.

4), lifting equipment lifting objects.

Safety measures to prevent objects from hitting.

1. Anyone entering the construction site must wear a safety helmet correctly to prevent objects from hitting the head. Personnel must go through the safe passage when entering or leaving, and it is forbidden to cross or pass through the isolation zone at will.

2, the outer layer must be closed with a dense mesh safety net, the interface is sealed, and the skirting board is added; The scaffold board of the operation floor must be spread all over, and there must be no probe board and torsion board, and the spacing between the shelf and the wall shall not be more than 30CM.

3, it is strictly prohibited to pile up tools, equipment and materials on an outer frame, garbage must be cleaned up in time, it is strictly prohibited to dump or spill when cleaning, in order to prevent overweight or slipping.

4, an outer layer of demolition work must set up a warning zone, by the specialist care, it is forbidden to throw down steel pipes, fasteners, etc. , must pass.

Yes.

5, outside the frame, unloading platform, light well and the main isolation must be in place.

6, tower crane hoisting route it is forbidden to overhead, it is forbidden to dump truck hoisting, long and short pieces of mixed hoisting, bell man ultra vires.

Orders, etc. , abide by the "ten don't hang".

7, the mouth of the cave, limb must be protected in place, it is strictly prohibited to dismantle.

4. Mechanical damage

Main types of mechanical injuries:

1, steel production-straightener, bending machine, cutting machine, etc. Caused mechanical damage.

2. Wooden tools-circular saw, planer, etc. Causing mechanical damage.

3. Power tools-vibrators, cutters, grinders and hand-held power tools can cause mechanical injuries.

4, other machinery-hoist, mixer, material hoist and other mechanical damage.

Safety measures to prevent mechanical injury

1, the power cord of the fixed processing machinery must be protected by buried plastic casing to prevent the processed parts from being crushed and getting an electric shock.

2, do a good job in all kinds of electric machinery and hand-held electric tools grounding or zero protection, to prevent leakage.

3, all kinds of mechanical transmission parts must have a protective cover and protective sleeve, such as straightening machine, circular saw, etc.

4. The circular saw used on site shall be fixed accordingly. If there are two consecutive broken teeth and the crack length exceeds 2 cm, it cannot be used.

Wood shorter than 50CM should be pushed with a stick, and a safety baffle should be installed above the saw blade.

5, woodworking plane mouth should have a safety device. Plate thickness less than 3 cm, it is forbidden to use a plane plane. Planes and circular saws are not allowed.

Use the reverse switch.

6. It is forbidden to wear gloves when using threading machine, vertical drilling machine and woodworking planer.

7. When the concrete mixer is running, it is forbidden to put your head and hand into the hopper to check the feeding and mixing situation, nor can you put a shovel into it.

The mixing drum cleans the hopper pit and hangs the safety rope.

8, machinery in operation shall not be maintenance, maintenance, fastening, adjustment, etc.

9, mechanical operation, the operator shall not leave the post or give the machine to others to operate, irrelevant personnel are strictly prohibited to enter the operation.

Area and operation room. Concentrate on your work and don't work after drinking.

10, tamping machine should be operated by two people at the same time, and one person should manage the line. Wear insulating gloves and shoes when operating the machine. This is strictly forbidden.

When the machine is running, clean up the accumulated soil on the machine.

1 1. When using grinder and cutting machine, operators must wear protective glasses. It is forbidden to cut 22# steel bar with grinding wheel.

12. When operating the steel bar cutter to cut short materials below 50CM, keep your hands away from the incision above 15CM.

13, lifting machinery, material lifting machinery, concrete mixer, mortar machine, etc. Must be trained in professional safety technology.

Use the certificate. Stick to ten things.

14, the wastes around the processing machinery must be cleaned at any time to keep the feet clear and prevent the wastes from mixing together to cause accidents.

5. Contact electricity

Main types of electric shock accidents:

1, electric shock of welder 2, electric shock of tamping 3, electric shock of concrete vibrating

4, get an electric shock when using other electrical equipment 5, get an electric shock in life.

Safety measures to prevent electric shock accidents

1, three-level distribution, two-level protection, power box and lighting should be separated.

2, feeder erection to overhead, are not allowed to put the feeder on steel scaffolding and other electrical conductors, are not allowed to be used.

3, the power cord of concrete vibrator, it is forbidden to drag on the steel mesh.

4, without professional safety technical training, are not allowed to operate electrician, electrician must hold relevant certificates.

5. Plastic sockets and triangular plastic sockets for household appliances without boxes are not allowed in the construction site, and switch boxes must be used.

6, basement and damp workplace lighting, must use safe voltage.

7, the power connector with insulating tape, plastic bandages are not allowed, the connector can't be placed in wet ground and water.

First aid of electric shock accident

Quick action and accurate methods are the most important. First, cut off the power supply quickly. If the power switch is far away, the electric wire on the electrocuted person can be pulled away with an insulator, or the power supply can be cut off with a tool with an insulated handle. Don't use metal materials or wet objects as rescue tools, and don't touch the body of the person who gets an electric shock to prevent yourself from getting an electric shock.

When the patient is out of power supply, those who are not seriously injured and awake should rest quietly for one hour and then be sent to the hospital for observation; The injured man lost consciousness. When his heart is still beating and breathing still exists, he should lie on his back comfortably and quietly, ask a doctor for treatment or send him to the hospital immediately. If the injury is serious, breathing has stopped or both have stopped, artificial respiration and chest compressions should be performed immediately, and doctors should be asked for treatment or sent to the hospital immediately.

6. Fire

Several materials prone to fire in construction sites;

1, waterproof material; 2. Thermal insulation materials; 3, foam board, 4, saw foam, wood shavings; 5. Abandon the template;

6, paint; 7. Decorative boards, etc.

Several situations in which construction sites are prone to fire;

1, welding; 2, gas cutting; 3, wire short circuit; 4. Smoking in violation of regulations; 5, lighting baking; 6, other fire operation construction site fire management system:

1, inflammable and explosive goods management system; 2, toxic substances management system; 3, fire management system;

4, fire control facilities management system; 5, open flame operation approval system; 6, fire inspection system;

7, the construction site fire prevention system; 8, fire key parts management system; 9, electrical fire prevention system

Matters needing attention in fire self-rescue

Misappropriation or destruction of fire fighting equipment is prohibited. When a fire breaks out, report it to the person in charge of the site quickly and accurately, and actively participate in remedying the initial fire to prevent the fire from spreading.

Fire escape should pay attention to the following points:

1, don't panic, try to calm down \ calm down \ don't make a scene and crowd each other;

2, correctly judge the fire source, fire and spread direction, in order to choose the appropriate escape route;

3. Recall and judge the reverse direction and position of the exit, so as to find the exit in the shortest time;

4. Have the spirit of mutual assistance and friendship, obey the command and evacuate the fire in an orderly manner;

5. When surrounded by fireworks, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and walk or climb out of the scene in a low posture. When running away

The road is blocked by smoke, so you can cover yourself with a wet quilt and bend over to rush through the fire.

6, high-rise buildings on fire, the situation is critical, eager to escape, can use the balcony, sewer gap or self-help.

Ropes, etc. Slide to the floor or ground where there is no fire, and don't jump off the building.