What are the four parts of the national band?

General knowledge of large-scale national orchestras (groups)

The large-scale national orchestra consists of four parts: wind orchestra, plucked orchestra, percussion orchestra and chord orchestra. Organizations that specialize in playing large national orchestras are called large national orchestras. At present, large-scale national orchestras in China include Central National Orchestra, Central Broadcasting National Orchestra, Shanghai National Orchestra and large-scale national orchestras in some provinces and cities. They are large-scale professional groups established to develop China's national cultural undertakings, learn from the organizational forms of foreign symphony orchestras, and cooperate with some professional composers in China to create large-scale national instrumental works. Like foreign symphony orchestras, it can not only show various themes of history, war, stories and love, but also show China's folk customs by playing different kinds of folk instrumental music in China. Sometimes, China composers also bring some foreign symphonies, which are adapted and performed by large national orchestras, and also have good effects. Due to the rich expressive force and technical performances with national characteristics of large-scale national orchestras, their performances at home and abroad are generally welcomed by the audience.

Establishment and seating arrangement of large-scale national orchestra

The establishment of a large-scale national orchestra is generally about 70 people, in which the blowing group includes 8 suona, 4 flutes, 4 sheng, 2 pipes and 1 flute. The plucked instrument group includes 4 pipa players, 4 zhongruan players, 2 Ruan players, 2 dulcimer players, 2 guzheng players and 1 sanxian player. The string instrument group includes 8 Gao Hu, 10 erhu, 5 zhonghu, 1 banhu, 6 cellos and 4 cellos. The percussion instrument group consists of six people, and the national percussion instruments used are gong, drum, cymbal, Qing, xylophone, cloud gong, triangle iron and so on. Sometimes, according to the needs of the work, the band can appropriately increase or decrease the number of performers when rehearsing the performance.

In the rehearsal and performance seating arrangement of large-scale national orchestras, string instruments and plucked instruments with weak voices are generally arranged in front of the stage near the audience, while wind instruments with strong voices are arranged in some seats in the middle and back, and percussion instruments are arranged in the last seat. This seating arrangement is easy to achieve the volume balance and timbre unity of the whole band, and it is also convenient for the conductor to conduct and the players to cooperate.

Music performance of large-scale national orchestra

The four components of a large-scale national orchestra all have their superb playing skills and rich expressive force, such as plucked instruments, which flourished in the Tang Dynasty. Some Tang Daqu and court banquets are often played by them as the main instruments, and they have their own unique styles from playing techniques to shaping various musical images. They can not only express comfortable and beautiful singing melody artistic conception, but also show cheerful mood with strong beating. In addition, when they are combined together, they can play various chord connections, and when they are accompanied by a band, they can show a clear sense of rhythm and good elasticity. When they are used to describe various natural emotions, plucked instruments can also show their special skills. For example, the twisted strings of pipa can show the screams of war horses, the sliding of guzheng can show the flowing water, and the combination of the bass of dulcimer with zhongruan and Ruan can show the rough character of men. Wind bands also have a long history. From the Xia Dynasty to the present, it has always been an indispensable strong instrument in the band, and it was very popular in the Song Dynasty. This group of suona has three styles: high, medium and low, and is self-contained. They can not only be played in unison, but also with various chords. Their sonorous and bright timbres are very combative and are often used to show some scenes of war and victory. In addition, they are often the main players to show the warm atmosphere of celebrations. Their performance was magnificent, rough and powerful, and the climax and strongest sound in the big band were played. Unique flute playing, touching and gentle timbre can be used to express some delicate feelings. When playing adaptations of foreign symphonies, they are usually played as brass instruments. Like the flute in western orchestras, the flute is often used to play some smart and fast music fragments and form counterpoint with other instruments, and its loose board performance is suitable for expressing pastoral scenery. Pipes also have special timbre and skills. When it is solo in a big band, it often produces some unique sound effects. Sheng is the only wind instrument that can play harmony alone. It is an alto instrument, which can play various chords to supplement the middle part of the band. Together with its timbre, the timbre of various wind instruments can be integrated into one furnace, so that the timbre of the wind instrument group can be unified. In addition, it also plays a transitional role to other musical instruments, such as plucked music group and string group. The silk stringed instrument group was formed late, and its embryonic form appeared in the Tang Dynasty. It was not until the Song and Yuan Dynasties that it was officially seen in the literature. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, its performance techniques and music performances reached a prosperous period, and jumped to the leading position of national bands. Its application in the band is equivalent to the violin instrument of the western orchestra. It is not only suitable for playing lyric and instrumental melodies, but also can play music with various rhythms and emotions, and its timbre is the best. After playing in a band for a long time, the audience will not get bored. All kinds of connections, expansions, tone changes and climaxes in large-scale national orchestras are often inseparable from their performance. In addition, the timbre of this group of instruments is relatively uniform, and all kinds of harmony and polyphony music can be played well as a whole. Of course, its timbre brightness, playing techniques and musical expression are still far behind those of western orchestras. In the percussion group, China has two kinds of percussion instruments. One is percussion instruments with fixed pitch, such as chimes, bells, gongs and timpani, and the other is percussion instruments without fixed pitch. These percussion instruments have different styles and images. Take gongs, drums and cymbals as examples. Only the same instrument has 10. In the band's performance, some percussion instruments can solo, but most percussion instruments play the role of rendering atmosphere, creating climax and color matching in the band. For example, when the band changed from weak to strong, various musical instruments were added, and the timpani and snare drum Jr.' s broken voice gradually increased to the maximum volume, the percussion cymbals were thumped like a bolt from the blue, thus achieving the sound effect of shocking the whole theater. Another example is that when the whole band is playing gradually, the knocking of the big gong gives people a feeling of death and desolation.

The repertoire of a large national orchestra

The works performed by large national orchestras in China can be roughly divided into the following three categories:

Different kinds of music performances

In most cases, the works of different kinds of music in China are played by semi-professional bands composed of folk artists when they participate in folk activities. The performance of this kind of works has a wide mass. Adapting them into a large-scale national orchestra can not only expand the scope of performance, but also enrich the expressive force of music. When performing on the stage, they often get good performance results and are very popular with the audience. For example, Qin Xianglian, a Hebei blowing song, is played by a large-scale national orchestra of the Central Broadcasting National Orchestra. Among them, three instruments are tenor suona, pipe and tenor suona. Zhou, a young musician who was born in Hebei, the hometown of blowing songs, plays the soprano suona. His performance is unique in tone and skill. People gave him the title of "Golden Suona". Another example is Zhoushan gongs and drums, fishing with nets, and victory. It was played by a large national orchestra, all of which won gold medals in the World Youth and Student Performance Festival.

Adaptation of Western Symphony

Such adaptations include Carmen Overture, Firebird Suite, Photo Exhibition and other works, as well as China's western orchestral music Shanglugen, Spring Festival Overture and Yao dance music. Mr. Peng Xiuwen, composer and conductor of the Central Broadcasting National Orchestra, changed the theme song adagio ■ from the original violin performance to Gao Hu's performance in the first paragraph of this work, showing the scene of ethnic minority girls dancing in the moonlight at night. Allegro in the middle part was originally played by bassoon, but now it is played by Da Sanxian and Da Ruan to show the rough dance scenes of boys and men.

Category of creative works

The solo works of China folk instrumental music are more common. At present, there are not many ensemble works of large-scale national orchestras like this, but the works such as Rising Sun, Harvest gongs and drums, Erhu Concerto, Random Thoughts on the Frontier and so on have great influence. When Mr. Peng Xiuwen created Harvest Gong and Drum, he used the gongs and drums of Chaozhou, the "fierce wind" of Beijing Opera and the beating of southern Jiangsu as playing materials, and applied them to his own works through innovation, which won unanimous appreciation from the audience and peers.