Pinyin of tunnel

The pinyin of the tunnel is [suì] [dì ng], and the words are introduced as follows:

1. Introduction of the tunnel:

The tunnel can be used for irrigation, power generation, water supply, drainage, water conveyance, construction diversion and navigation. A tunnel with free water surface in the tunnel is called an unpressurized tunnel, which fills the whole section and makes the wall of the tunnel bear certain water pressure.

power generation tunnels are generally pressurized irrigation water supply and drainage tunnels, which can be pressureless or pressureless, while tunnels on canals and canals are pressureless. The hydraulic tunnel is mainly composed of a water inlet tunnel and an outlet section. The diversion tunnel for power generation is connected with a penstock behind the tunnel, and the water conveyance tunnel and navigation tunnel on the channel only have tunnel bodies. The gate can be located at an appropriate position in the entrance, exit or hole.

The exit is equipped with energy dissipation and scour prevention facilities. In order to prevent rock collapse and water seepage, the tunnel body is often anchored and sprayed, and the temporary support or permanent lining is made of anchor rod and sprayed concrete or reinforced concrete. The cross section of the tunnel body can be circular gate hole or horseshoe shape, and the pressure tunnel is mostly circular.

the selection of tunnel lines for entrance and exit layout and the shape and size of tunnel section are restricted by topography, geology, in-situ stress, hub layout, operation requirements and construction conditions, and need to be determined through technical and economic comparison.

2. Tunnel route:

The hydraulic tunnel is one of the important parts of the water control project, and the tunnel route must be adapted to the construction task of the water control project and selected according to the topography, engineering geology, hydrogeology and hydrology.

the line should be as short and straight as possible. when the high-speed pressure tunnel is arranged in a curved line on the plane, its radius and corner should be determined by hydraulic model test to avoid water flow falling off the wall and generating negative pressure and cavitation, while the high-speed pressure tunnel should not be provided with a curved line on the plane as far as possible.

the bottom slope of the pressure tunnel depends on the elevation of the entrance and exit, and the bottom slope of the unpressurized tunnel should be determined according to hydraulic calculation. In order to drain water by itself and facilitate tunnel maintenance, there should be a certain bottom slope, and the bottom slope of the tunnel constructed by rail transportation should not be too large.