Asking about the method of training police dogs

Sniffing ability refers to the extent to which police dogs explore and feel the odor source after the dog trainer gives the "sniffing" password, that is, after conditional stimulation. Its performance is short-tempered, active and cautious.

In training, the cultivation of olfactory recognition ability is closely related to the source of smell and the code of "smell". Odor source refers to the smell carrier that police dogs can feel and can be used as the basis for smelling. It is the object that dogs look for. The "sniffing" command is a conditional stimulus applied by the dog trainer when making the dog feel the smell of the sniffing source. It can regulate the dog's search behavior and transform its instinctive behavior into sniffing ability. Therefore, the process of training the sniffing ability of police dogs is actually the process of establishing a good and stable conditioned reflex to the "sniffing" password.

First, the method of olfactory recognition ability training

(1) Accidental training method. When the dog trainer releases the dog, the dog often instinctively responds to the external environment, such as grass, stones, foreign objects and so on. , and take the initiative to go forward, lower the head to smell them. At this time, the dog trainer should take the opportunity to give the "sniffing" password and strengthen it with the "good" password, so that the dog can be familiar with the "sniffing" password inadvertently. This method is suitable for newly trained dogs, but we should pay attention to distinguish whether dogs seek reflex or food reflex. When the dog reacts to the discarded food and sniffs forward, it is forbidden to give the "sniff" command and strengthen it.

② Targeted training methods. The dog trainer consciously brings the dog to a strange environment, and the dog will instinctively have a strong exploration reflection on the external environment. At this time, the dog trainer selectively pointed out some large and difficult-to-obtain items, such as roots and bricks, to attract the dog's attention. At the same time, the dog was given the command of "sniffing", which naturally prompted the dog to smell and identify. At this time, the dog trainer gave full rewards and reinforcement. This method can be used not only for newly trained dogs, but also to consolidate the ability of dogs that have already reacted to the initial conditions of password formation.

(3) Special odor induction training method. During training, prepare some substances with special smell, such as minced meat and blood, smear them on the ground or larger objects, then take the dog to identify them, and give the password of "sniffing" at the same time, and strengthen them in time when the dog is induced by the smell of food. This method can be used to explore dogs with weak reaction ability, but it should be noted that minced meat cannot be given to dogs or used frequently. Generally only used when establishing initial conditioned reflex.

(4) Voice-induced training. Take the dog into a quiet training ground, let the dog sit down and take out items that can make sounds, such as key chains, mobile phones, bells, etc. And when the dog notices the object due to noise, give the password of "sniff", and the dog will naturally go forward and explore the sniff recognition seriously and carefully, and reward and strengthen it in time. This method can standardize the dog's sniffing behavior and prevent the dog from licking and biting.

(5) Random training method. After the above training, you can identify or hold the "sniffing" password of an item at will. When dogs have the desire to explore and smell, they should be fully strengthened in time. However, it should be noted that dogs should not be rewarded with things that dogs have sniffed, let alone trained with things that dogs usually take, so as to avoid dogs from developing the bad habit of not distinguishing between sniffing and taking.

(6) Search and arrest training method. The dog trainer took the dog to a quiet and clean training ground, tied the dog after breaking it up, and took out what the dog liked to tease the dog. When the dog expresses a strong desire to take it away, it will throw it out casually, and quickly run to hide or pretend to hide something, and then return to the dog for it to find. Driven by the desire to grab, dogs will take the initiative to smell grass and search for things. At this time, the dog trainer can repeatedly "sniff" the password and strengthen the "good" password. This method is generally used to consolidate the formed conditioned reflex, but it should be noted that in the initial training, the items should not be too far away from the dog and should not be covered too tightly. When pretending to hide things, it is best to put them back when the dog is not paying attention, and finally let the dog look for things.

(7) Implicit training method. After the dog trainer chooses a small object to tease the dog and attract the dog's attention, he will conveniently plug it into the cracks, cracks, small holes or sand (soil) piles found, and then give the password of "sniffing". When the dog can't see the object, it will take the initiative to play its sense of smell and sniff it actively and seriously, and fully strengthen it at this time. Be careful, don't let the dog lick and scratch the hidden items, and don't let the dog go to the place where the items are hidden.

(8) Holding training method. Dog trainers use tweezers to pick up things with human body odor, such as wood blocks, insoles, gauze and handkerchiefs. And shake it to attract the dog's attention, and then issue a "sniff" command. When the dog sniffs actively, seriously and carefully, this command will be fully strengthened in time. Note that dogs will not be strengthened when they are not careful or even licking or holding items. It is best to use new and different items for initial training.

(9) Pretend to train. After the dog has established a "sniffing" conditioned reflex, and its sniffing ability has a certain foundation, the dog trainer can use the dog's favorite item, Doby Dog, pretend to put the item in the identification jar or an object with the shape of the identification jar, and then give the dog a password to sniff, and the dog will come forward to sniff carefully under the stimulation of instinct and conditioned reflex. At this time, while rewarding the dog with a password and patting it, you can pretend to take things out of the jar to tease the dog, and then you can directly use things to strengthen the dog's strength, or you can put things into the jar to lead the dog away, so as to improve the dog's high-intensity reflection on the jar. In the initial training, you should use as few items as possible to strengthen the dog directly. This method can not only strengthen the dog's enthusiasm and excitement for the "sniffing" password, improve the dog's careful sniffing ability, but also improve and standardize the conditioned reflex that the dog has formed.

(10) Discriminatory training methods. Take the dog to a quiet place or house. The dog trainer took out one of a set of things that dogs like (with a specific human smell) to Doby dogs, then threw it into the identification jar and took the dogs to smell the identification jar. When the dog sniffs actively, actively, seriously and carefully, pat it in time and give a "good" password to strengthen it. Then, when the dog's face is taken out of the can and thrown into the homogeneous objects in the grass or field, the dog will be released. When the dog can retrieve the object decisively in many trainings, it shows that the conditioned reflex of "sniffing" is established stably and the good sniffing ability is cultivated successfully.

Second, the countermeasures to cultivate the ability of olfactory recognition

(1) In the actual training, it is not necessary to strictly follow the above ten steps, but to selectively train according to the nerve types of dogs and other specific conditions. Moreover, the above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and should be interspersed according to the problems existing in different stages of dogs, learn from each other's strengths and promote the whole.

(2) In the initial stage of establishing conditioned reflex, we should try to avoid rewarding and strengthening dogs with food and articles, and don't train subjects with titles at the same time in every training, so as to avoid the bad habit that dogs don't distinguish between smells and titles.

(3) The sniffer ability of police dogs will eventually be used for human odor training, such as tracking and recognition. Therefore, the articles used as the basis of smelling in training should gradually transition from the initial natural smell to the attached human body smell, and finally the attached human body smell is the main one. Of course, it is best to train with olfactory sources with human odor from the beginning.

(4) The cultivation of good olfactory recognition ability is a long-term and meticulous work, which cannot be cultivated by one or two methods. Therefore, this kind of training needs perseverance, perseverance and steady progress, and should be carefully observed, often found, analyzed and quickly corrected, and should not be eager for success and stick to the rules.

(5) At the beginning of training, dogs should be familiar with tweezers used to clamp things, and don't be too interested in tweezers. In addition, tweezers should be used in the whole training process, including identifying aircraft sniffing and pinching things with sniffing. It is forbidden to use tweezers to strengthen or mechanically stimulate dogs.

(6) The cultivation of olfactory recognition ability is mainly established by inducing and standardizing dogs' exploratory reflex. Therefore, dog trainers should pay attention to their own behaviors and actions, and adopt ways and methods in training. They should give priority to inducement, do not be hasty and hasty, and prohibit any mechanical stimulation to avoid passive reaction or develop the bad behavior of false sniffing.

In a word, in the training, the working ability of police dogs should be continuously improved and improved through the cultivation of the above-mentioned abilities and scientific training, so as to lay a solid foundation for giving full play to the important role of police dog technology in public security work. (Gao Hangfei, Police Dog Base of Sichuan Provincial Public Security Department, Wu Yangxixiong)