Grassland disaster prevention and reduction work system

1. Fully understand the importance and urgency of strengthening grassland protection and construction

(1) Grassland plays an important role in the national economy and ecological environment. Our country has a large grassland area, mainly distributed in the borders of the motherland. Grassland is the main inhabited area of ??ethnic minorities. It is the basic means of production that herders rely on for survival. It is the main vegetation that maintains ecological balance in arid areas in the west and north. Grassland animal husbandry is the pillar industry of the pastoral area economy. Strengthening grassland protection and construction is of great significance for promoting unity in ethnic minority areas, maintaining border stability and social stability, maintaining ecological security, accelerating economic development in pastoral areas, and improving the living standards of herders.

(2) It is urgent to strengthen grassland protection and construction. At present, 90% of the available natural grasslands in my country are degraded to varying degrees, and the area is increasing at a rate of 2 million hectares every year. The trend of grassland overgrazing has not fundamentally changed. Phenomenons such as indiscriminate mining and excavation that destroy grasslands occur from time to time, and the area of ??desertification continues to increase. . The continuous deterioration of the grassland ecological environment not only restricts the development of grassland animal husbandry and affects the increase in the income of farmers and herdsmen, but also directly threatens the national ecological security. Grassland protection and construction need to be strengthened urgently. In accordance with the overall requirements of overall planning, classified guidance, highlighting key points, giving priority to protection, strengthening construction, and sustainable utilization, effective measures should be taken to curb the trend of grassland degradation, improve grassland production capacity, and promote sustainable utilization of grassland. After a stage of efforts, a virtuous cycle of grassland ecology has been achieved and the coordinated development of the economy, society and ecological environment has been promoted.

2. Establish and improve the grassland protection system

(1) Establish a basic grassland protection system. Establish a basic grassland protection system, and classify grasslands with special ecological functions such as artificial grasslands, improved grasslands, important grazing areas, mown grasslands, and grassland nature reserves as basic grasslands, and implement a strict protection system. No unit or individual may requisition, occupy basic grassland or change its use without authorization. Local people's governments at or above the county level must effectively perform their duties and do a good job in delineating, protecting, supervising and managing basic grasslands within their own administrative regions. The measures for implementing the basic grassland protection system shall be formulated by the relevant departments of the State Council as soon as possible.

(2) Implement a grass-livestock balance system. According to the amount of forage grass provided by the grassland in the region in a certain period, the amount of livestock feeding is determined and a balance between grass and livestock is implemented. The Ministry of Agriculture should formulate grassland livestock capacity standards and grass-livestock balance management methods as soon as possible, and strengthen guidance, supervision and inspection of grass-livestock balance work. Provincial-level animal husbandry administrative departments are responsible for the organization, implementation and technical guidance of grass-livestock balance within their respective administrative regions. County-level animal husbandry administrative departments are responsible for the specific management of grass-livestock balance within their respective administrative regions, and regularly verify the livestock carrying capacity of grasslands. Local people's governments at all levels should strengthen publicity, enhance farmers and herdsmen's awareness of ecological protection, encourage farmers and herdsmen to actively develop forage feed production, improve livestock breeds, control the number of grassland livestock, gradually solve the problem of overloading and overgrazing of grasslands, and realize the dynamic equilibrium.

(3) Implement zoned rotational grazing, rest grazing and grazing ban systems. In order to rationally and effectively utilize grassland, implement rotational grazing in pastoral areas; in order to protect the normal growth and reproduction of pasture, implement seasonal rest grazing during the spring greening period and autumn grass fruiting period; in order to restore grassland vegetation, in ecologically fragile areas and degraded grassland In severe areas, grazing is prohibited and enclosed. All localities should actively guide and organize the implementation of rotational grazing, rest grazing and grazing bans in a planned and step-by-step manner. Local animal husbandry administrative departments at all levels should proceed from reality and adapt to local conditions to formulate practical plans for zoning rotational grazing, rest grazing and grazing bans.

3. Stabilize and improve grassland production capacity

(1) Strengthen the construction of grassland infrastructure focusing on fences and pastoral water conservancy. Focus on the construction of infrastructure such as grassland fences, pastoral water conservancy, livestock pens, and forage feed reserves, rationally develop and utilize water resources, strengthen the construction of forage feed bases, artificial grasslands, and improved grasslands, and enhance the capacity of forage supply.

(2) Accelerate the management of degraded grasslands. Local people's governments at or above the county level should adopt biological, engineering, agronomic and other measures to speed up the management of degraded grasslands in accordance with the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and treating both the symptoms and the root causes. The state encourages units and individuals to manage degraded grasslands.

At present, we must focus on the management of degraded grasslands in the western region and gradually restore the ecological functions and production capabilities of grasslands.

(3) Improve disaster prevention and reduction capabilities. Adhere to the policy of “prevention first, combining prevention and control” to do a good job in grassland disaster prevention and reduction. Local people's governments at all levels must conscientiously implement the "Regulations on Grassland Fire Prevention of the People's Republic of China", strengthen the prevention and fighting of grassland fires, and improve fire prevention and fighting methods; they must organize the delineation of grassland fire prevention responsibility areas and determine the responsibilities for grassland fire prevention. Units shall establish a responsibility system for grassland fire prevention; for grassland fire prevention work in key grassland fire prevention areas, the administrative leadership responsibility system of relevant local people's governments and the leadership responsibility system of departments and units shall be implemented. It is necessary to intensify the prevention and control of rodent pests in the grassland, strengthen the prediction and forecasting of rodent pests, formulate rodent pest control plans, and adopt comprehensive prevention and control measures such as biological, physical, and chemical to reduce the harm of rodent pests in the grassland. It is necessary to highlight the use of biological control technology to prevent grassland environmental pollution and maintain ecological balance.

IV. Implementation of returning cultivated grassland to grassland

(1) Clarify the scope and key areas of returning farmland to grassland. For cultivated grasslands that are conducive to improving the ecological environment, suffer from serious water and soil erosion, and have a tendency of desertification, we will return farmland to grassland. In the near future, the focus of returning farmland to grassland will be in river source areas, sandstorm source areas, agriculture-pastoral ecotones, and areas that have a significant impact on the ecology. It is necessary to give priority to ecological benefits, take into account the production and life of farmers and herdsmen and local economic development, and accelerate the work of returning farmland to grassland.

(2) Improve and implement various policies and measures for returning farmland to grassland. The state provides grain, cash, and grass seed subsidies to farmers and herdsmen who return farmland to grassland. In accordance with national policies and measures related to returning farmland to forest and grassland, the Western Region Development Leading Group Office of the State Council will work with the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Grain Bureau and other relevant departments to formulate specific implementation opinions on returning cultivated grassland to forest and grassland. Relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government should organize project counties to prepare implementation plans for the project of returning cultivated grassland to grassland, do a good job in the design of township operations, and implement project tasks to farmland plots and farmers. Local animal husbandry administrative departments at all levels should strengthen the construction of grass seed bases to ensure the supply of high-quality grass seeds; provide technical guidance and services to improve the quality of the project to return farmland to grassland. After the task of returning farmland to grassland is completed, the animal husbandry administrative department at or above the county level will verify the registration, perform the land use change procedures in accordance with the law, and the people's government at or above the county level will issue a grassland use right certificate.

5. Transformation of grassland animal husbandry management methods

(1) Actively promote the method of raising animals in pens. In grassland grazing ban, rest grazing, and rotational grazing areas, it is necessary to gradually change the production method that relies on natural grassland grazing, vigorously promote the confinement method, actively build high-yield artificial grassland and forage feed bases, and increase forage feed production. The state provides food and financial subsidies for the implementation of captive breeding. The specific subsidy standards and methods will be formulated separately by the Ministry of Agriculture in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance and other relevant departments.

(2) Adjust and optimize the regional layout. In accordance with the principle of adapting measures to local conditions and giving full play to comparative advantages, adjust and optimize the regional layout of grassland animal husbandry, and gradually form a production pattern of breeding in pastoral areas, and fattening in agricultural areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas. Pastoral areas should highlight the protection of grasslands, scientifically and rationally control the number of livestock, strengthen the improvement of natural grasslands and livestock breeds, and increase the slaughter rate and commodity rate of livestock. Semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas should vigorously develop artificial grass planting, implement grassland rotation, and promote the technology of raising livestock and returning straw to fields.

6. Promote scientific and technological progress in grassland protection and construction

(1) Strengthen grassland scientific and technological research and development. Strengthen basic theoretical research on the mechanisms of grassland degradation and ecological succession laws, and strengthen the research and development of key technologies such as macro-control technology for the restoration and reconstruction of grassland ecosystems and the selection and breeding of high-quality stress-resistant forage species. Animal husbandry administrative departments and science and technology departments at all levels must focus on key technologies that have a significant impact on grassland protection and construction such as grass seed production, natural grassland vegetation restoration, artificial grassland construction, grass product processing, rodent and pest biological control, etc. . All localities should pay attention to the application of biotechnology, remote sensing and modern information technology in grassland protection and construction.

(2) Accelerate the introduction of new grassland technologies and new forage varieties. Scientific research units should change their concepts and strengthen technology introduction and exchanges.

At present, we must focus on the introduction of new drought-resistant and cold-resistant pasture varieties, and strengthen the introduction of advanced technologies such as grass seed breeding, grassland ecological protection, grass seed and grass product processing.

(3) Increase the promotion of technologies suitable for grasslands. Strengthen the construction of grassland technology extension teams, improve service methods, and enhance service capabilities. Accelerate the promotion of applicable technologies such as restoration of degraded grassland vegetation, construction of high-yield and high-quality artificial grasslands, and biological pest control and rodent control. We will promptly establish a number of scientific and technological demonstration sites for grassland ecological protection and construction to promote the rapid transformation of grassland scientific research results. Relevant departments in various localities should strengthen technical training for farmers and herdsmen.

7. Increase investment in grassland protection and construction

(1) Scientifically formulate plans and strictly organize and implement them. Local people's governments at or above the county level shall prepare grassland ecological protection and construction plans within their own administrative regions based on the grassland protection and construction plans at the higher level and in combination with local actual conditions. After approval by the people's government at the same level, implementation shall be strictly organized. The grassland ecological protection and construction plan should be connected with the overall land use plan, the plan for returning cultivated grassland to grassland, and the plan for desertification prevention and control, and coordinate with the pastoral water conservancy plan, soil and water conservation plan, and long-term forestry development plan.

(2) Expand funding sources and increase grassland investment. Local people's governments at all levels should incorporate grassland protection and construction into local national economic and social development plans. The central and local finances should increase investment in grassland protection and construction, and state-owned commercial banks should increase credit investment in areas such as forage industrialization. At the same time, we should actively guide social funds, expand the scale of utilizing foreign capital, broaden financing channels, and increase investment in grassland protection and construction.

(3) Highlight the key points of construction and improve investment efficiency. The state's investment in the protection and construction of grasslands is mainly used for the restoration and construction of natural grasslands, the management of degraded grasslands, the restoration of grazing areas in ecologically fragile areas, and the return of cultivated grasslands to grassland. It is necessary to strengthen project quality management and improve the efficiency of fund use. At present, the relevant departments of the State Council must summarize the experience of natural grassland restoration and construction, coordinate and cooperate, and focus on promoting the restoration and construction of natural grassland.

8. Strengthen grassland supervision and management and monitoring and early warning work

(1) Strengthen grassland supervision and management in accordance with the law. All localities must conscientiously implement the "Grassland Law of the People's Republic of China" and strengthen grassland supervision and management in accordance with the law. Grassland supervision and management departments must effectively perform their duties and do a good job in promoting grassland laws and regulations and grassland law enforcement. At present, we must focus on investigating and punishing cases of man-made damage to grasslands such as indiscriminate reclamation and indiscriminate mining and excavation. The collection and sale of Nostoc must be prohibited, and the collection and management of wild plants such as licorice and ephedra must be strictly controlled.

(2) Strengthen the construction of grassland supervision and management teams. Grassland supervision and management departments are the main force for people's governments at all levels to protect grasslands in accordance with the law. It is necessary to improve grassland supervision and management institutions and improve grassland supervision and management methods. Grassland supervision and management departments must strengthen their own team building and improve personnel quality and law enforcement levels.

(3) Earnestly carry out grassland ecological monitoring and early warning work. Grassland ecological monitoring is the basis for grassland protection. Local agriculture and animal husbandry administrative departments at all levels must promptly establish and improve grassland ecological monitoring and early warning systems, focusing on monitoring grassland area, production capacity, ecological environment conditions, grassland biological disasters, and grassland protection and construction benefits.

9. Strengthen leadership over grassland protection and construction

Local people’s governments at all levels must include grassland protection and construction on their important agenda, and provincial people’s governments in key pastoral areas must Take overall responsibility for grassland protection and construction, and implement the municipal (prefecture) and county (city) government target responsibility system. At the same time, we should further promote the grassland household contract system in accordance with the long-term and household-based principle, implement the responsibilities for grassland production, management, protection and construction, and mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen to protect and build grasslands. All relevant departments must cooperate closely to carry out various supporting work for grassland protection and construction. Local animal husbandry administrative departments at all levels must do specific organizational work to ensure the smooth progress of grassland protection and construction work.