Discussing how construction companies can provide safety education and training for migrant workers

With the acceleration of urbanization in our country, more and more farmers are entering the city to work, especially in the construction field. We call them "migrant workers".

While they brought new blood to the city, many safety incidents also occurred.

How to reduce the occurrence of safety accidents has become an issue that needs to be discussed and solved urgently.

Practice has proven that safety education and training is one of the most effective means of reducing the incidence of accidents.

However, due to various subjective or objective reasons, there are many problems in the safety education and training of migrant workers.

This article takes the construction industry as an entry point to briefly analyze the current safety work status of migrant workers, existing problems in safety education for migrant workers, and explore ways and means to make up for the shortcomings, aiming to enhance the safety production of migrant workers. awareness to create a harmonious production atmosphere of "safety first, prevention first" for the construction industry.

Keywords: Safety education and training for migrant workers in the construction industry 1. Current safety situation of migrant workers Since the reform and opening up, with the acceleration of urbanization in our country, a large number of rural laborers have transferred out of the countryside and entered urban employment. , and most of them have poured into the construction field. As of August 2005, there were approximately 32 million migrant workers in my country's construction industry, accounting for more than 90% of the total number of construction workers.

It is undeniable that the entry of rural labor into employment in the construction field has positive significance in many aspects, such as increasing farmers’ income, adjusting rural employment and economic structure, and promoting the development of urbanization and industrialization. Migrant workers have become An important part of my country's industrial workers, a large number of rural laborers have migrated to cities for employment, filling the gaps in labor employment in cities due to economic structural adjustments.

The 2004 Central Document No. 1 pointed out: "Migrant workers who have gone to cities for employment have become an important part of industrial workers, creating wealth and providing tax revenue for the city.

" However, the seemingly "optimistic" employment situation of migrant workers has become a concern for Premier Wen Jiabao.

In April 2006, when Premier Wen Jiabao inspected work in Chongqing, he said: "In recent years, migrant workers have been one of the things that have worried me most.

" The reason is that migrant workers The current status of safety operations is still far from satisfactory.

First of all, migrant workers are still "cheap labor."

Secondly, migrant workers are still "overtime laborers."

Finally, and crucially, migrant workers are still a "high-risk labor force."

The overall manifestations include a weak legal concept of production safety, low awareness of production safety, lack of knowledge of production safety, poor emergency response capabilities, low level of operational skills, ignorance and recklessness, illegal command, illegal operations, violation of labor disciplines, etc. Phenomenon.

These bad tendencies are the result of neglecting the occupational safety education and training of migrant workers (laborers), resulting in low safety quality of migrant workers, and are also the direct cause of accidents.

2. Problems in safety education and training for migrant workers Currently, there are the following outstanding problems in safety education and training: 1. Safety education and training responsibilities are not clear, and safety education and training cannot be implemented concretely.

Some companies use various reasons and excuses to ignore and weaken production safety education and training, turning it into an empty display, with no one responsible for implementing the specific work.

2. Safety education and training time is not guaranteed, the content is not specific, and the methods and methods are rigid and inflexible.

Some companies pursue construction progress and economic benefits one-sidedly and ignore production safety education and training. They believe that using this time for education and training is a waste of time and money, so it is difficult to guarantee time.

3. Safety education, training and publicity activities cannot be organically unified.

Many companies make superficial statements, shout slogans, and go through formalities, and do not use publicity activities to achieve educational purposes.

4. Insufficient supervision of production safety education and training.

3. Ways and methods to solve the problem of safety education and training for migrant workers. The safety education and training for migrant workers in construction companies is the key to doing a good job in safety production in enterprises and is the key to improving the safety awareness and skills of migrant workers. level and safety culture quality, and are the most fundamental measures to prevent accidents.

Therefore, safety production education and training for migrant workers should reflect the characteristics of series, long-term effectiveness, diversity and flexibility.

1. Introductory training and vocational skills training before transfer to employment.

Most of the migrant workers are illiterate, semi-illiterate, or have only primary school or junior high school education.

With low cultural quality and lack of labor skills, they can only engage in "dirty, heavy, hard, and dangerous" manual work.

To this end, it is necessary to raise the awareness of "reducing casualties" in rural labor transfer training to increase the safety factor during employment.

This sub-project requires strong support and investment from government departments at all levels.

2. Three-level education and training before employment.

The three levels of education and training include company education, project department education and team education.

Before migrant workers enter the construction site, they must be organized to receive three-level safety education and training. After the training, they must be assessed, and those who fail to pass the test will not be allowed to work.

This is not only a condition to ensure the safe production of construction companies, but also a right granted to migrant workers (laborers) by national law.

Chapter 2, Article 21 of the "Work Safety Law of the People's Republic of China and the State" stipulates: "Production and business units shall provide education and training for employees on production safety to ensure that employees have the necessary skills. Knowledge of production safety, familiarity with relevant production safety rules and regulations and safe operating procedures, and mastering the safe operation skills of this position.

Practitioners who have not received qualified production safety education and training are not allowed to work.

” In addition, there are relevant provisions in laws and regulations such as the Labor Law and the Regulations on Safety Production Licenses, so that safety production education and training are legally based, safeguarding the rights of employees to safety education and training, and also Guaranteed the safe production of enterprises.

3. Open night schools for construction site workers to provide long-term education.

Construction sites should set up night schools for workers at the construction site, and use the night schools as a good platform to provide long-term safety education and training to migrant workers. They must set up a curriculum and insist on training.

Local public security, fire protection and other departments can also be invited to the construction site to conduct on-site education at an appropriate time.

In addition to education on relevant national guidelines and policies, safety laws and regulations, and education on rules and regulations, employee night school education should also include the following safety production technical knowledge education: ① General safety production technical knowledge training and education.

This is the basic safety production technical knowledge that all employees of construction companies, including migrant workers, must have. It mainly includes: A. Basic knowledge and precautions for dangerous equipment and areas and their safety protection; B. Related Basic safety knowledge of electrical equipment; C. Safety knowledge related to hoisting machinery and on-site transportation; D. Basic knowledge of safety protection for toxic and hazardous raw materials used in production or toxic and hazardous substances that may emit toxic and hazardous substances; E. Fire protection systems and regulations at construction sites ; F. The correct use of personal protective equipment and methods for reporting casualties; G. Emergency rescue and self-rescue technical measures and methods when production safety accidents occur.

② Professional safety production technical knowledge training and education.

It refers to the professional safety production technical knowledge education that workers engaged in a certain operation must have.

This is more professional and in-depth, and it includes education on safety production technical knowledge, industrial hygiene technical knowledge, and various safety production operating procedures based on these technical knowledge and experiences.

According to the nature of production, it is divided into: construction safety technology and mechanical safety technology.

According to the nature of mechanical equipment and types of work, it is divided into: metal processing safety technology; woodworking safety technology; assembler safety technology; boiler and pressure vessel safety technology; electrical, gas, and welding safety technology; hoisting machinery operation and transportation Operation safety technology; safety technology for fire prevention, explosion protection, blasting operations, etc.; motor vehicle driving safety technology; safety technology for high-altitude operations.

Industrial hygiene technical knowledge includes anti-virus and dust-proof safety technology; vibration and noise control technology; radiation and laser protection technology; and high-temperature operation safety technology.

There is also education on safe production technology knowledge on new materials, new processes, new equipment, new technologies, etc.

③ Safety production skills training and education.

Safety production skills refer to people’s skills and abilities to complete their work safely.

It includes operational skills, skills in mastering operational safety devices and facilities, and skills in properly handling emergency situations.

Through specific operation drills, the technology of safe palm support operation is an education for workers’ actual safe working level and ability. It is a combination of knowledge education “should know” and skills education “should know”. It is an important tool for enterprises. Carrying out "on-the-job training" and "teacher-to-apprentice" activities is the focus of safety production skills training and education, and has far-reaching significance for the development of enterprises.

④ Safety production awareness education.

Create a cultural atmosphere for safe production in the enterprise, and subtly influence workers by holding exhibitions, distributing wall charts, hanging safety signs and warning signs, posting and hanging large safety slogans, making it a conscious action, and establishing " I want safety, safety first" thinking.

⑤Accident case education.

Through the analysis and introduction of actual accident cases, understanding the conditions, processes and realistic consequences of accidents plays a major role in understanding the rules of accidents, summing up experience, learning lessons, and preventing the recurrence of similar accidents. .

4. Combine safety production education and training with publicity activities.

By organizing and carrying out various forms of safety production activities, we fully mobilize the enthusiasm and participation awareness of migrant workers (laborers), vigorously create a good safety production atmosphere, and improve the safety cultural quality and safety of the entire people. production consciousness.

Safety education and training cannot just be limited to lectures. The more flexible the means and the more diverse the forms, the easier it will be for people with lower cultural literacy to accept it.

Ultimately, a safety production culture system will be formed within the enterprise, keeping safety production in a stable and controllable state.

5. Migrant workers (laborers) themselves should be self-disciplined and self-reliant.

No matter how well the education and training work is done, it will ultimately be implemented by migrant workers working on the front line.

All migrant workers should consciously improve their awareness of production safety, resolutely implement the "Production Safety Law", "Safety Operating Procedures" and various production safety laws and regulations during operations, and use various rules and regulations to restrain their behavior , do not violate rules, laws, or disciplines, and dare to refuse operations when unsafe factors are found.

And you must become familiar with the working environment and process flow as soon as possible to reduce unnecessary risks.

6. Increase the supervision of safety production education and training.

For a long time, my country's production safety education and training work has been solely supervised and managed by government functional departments, with a single approach and insufficient intensity.

I think this issue can be strengthened from the following points: (1) Strengthen dynamic supervision after the issuance of the "Safety Production License".

(2) Strengthen the role of public opinion in supervision.

We should make extensive use of newspapers, television, the Internet and other media to promote safety production education and training, expand the scope of supervisory bodies for safety production education and training, and create good public opinion guidance.

In short, the safety training and education for migrant workers by construction companies should not be just a formality, but should be implemented into actions and should be persevered so that migrant workers can always tighten their awareness of safety in production. String, we must integrate production safety into their thinking to improve the effectiveness of production safety management, prevent the occurrence of casualties, protect the safety of people's lives and property, and lay a solid foundation for the survival and healthy development of enterprises.