What are the fire safety knowledge for large supermarkets?

Firefighting is a very social and scientific work, and is one of the important guarantees for the safety of people's lives and property and the construction of socialist economy. What kind of fire safety knowledge do you have in large supermarkets? This article is a compilation of information on fire safety knowledge in large supermarkets compiled by the editor of DNTV. It is for reference only.

Large supermarket fire safety knowledge Do not place things under the fire shutter doors of shopping malls, because this will hinder the normal operation of the rolling shutter doors, which will be very destructive in the event of a fire.

Fire doors must be opened during business hours, and people in the event of a fire must evacuate quickly, so fire doors must be kept open during business hours.

Fire extinguishers and fire hydrants in shopping malls must be ensured to be in normal use. These equipment can be used to extinguish fires in the event of a fire. If they are not used in time, they will cause great damage

Promote fire protection knowledge to employees regularly. , Smoking is prohibited in reservoir areas and shopping malls. A big fire is caused by a small thing. You must remember.

Organize fire drills for employees regularly. Teach how to use fire hydrants and fire extinguishers.

Common sense of fire safety in shopping malls 1. Fire hazards in shopping malls and markets

(1) Analysis of fire risks in very large shopping malls

1 , fire management was not in place and the fire was serious. Due to owners' weak legal concepts and fire awareness, imperfect systems, unclear responsibility systems, and insufficient capital investment, fire safety work is out of control and leaks occur. Employees do not know hidden dangers, do not understand fire protection knowledge, and do not know fire extinguishing, escape and self-rescue skills.

2. If the area is too large, the fire load will increase and the fire will develop and spread rapidly. The interior decoration and display of goods are all flammable and combustible items. Once a fire breaks out, the fire will spread rapidly along various holes, stairwells, pipe wells, etc., making it extremely difficult to put out the fire.

3. The smoke is very toxic and can cause suffocation. Thick smoke and high temperature in fires are the direct causes of casualties. Shopping mall fires often produce a large amount of incomplete combustion products to form thick smoke and toxic gases such as CO and H2S. According to data, more than 85% of those who died in fires were caused by smoke poisoning, accounting for about 1/3-2/3 of the deaths.

4. People are highly concentrated and it is difficult to evacuate and rescue people. Due to the excessive passenger flow in the shopping mall, fire safety exits, evacuation distances and evacuation widths are relatively insufficient to meet the requirements. Once a fire accident occurs, thick smoke, psychological panic and riots among customers can easily lead to mass deaths and injuries.

5. The building fire protection facilities are complete and usable. Many very large shopping malls lack qualified fire management personnel, have poor management and maintenance of fire protection facilities and equipment, and are seriously damaged, misappropriated, and blocked. Some shopping malls also close or deactivate fire protection facilities without authorization, resulting in failure to function when a fire occurs.

6. There are many factors that lead to fires

There are many fire, electricity and gas equipment points. If management is neglected or employees work in violation of regulations, fires can easily occur.

(2) Fire risk in the market

The fire risk in the market is mainly reflected in the poor fire protection conditions of the building; there are many flammable commodities; there are dense people; the use of fire and There are six aspects: large electricity and gas consumption; insufficient or no fire prevention distance between merchants; and weak safety management. The existing fire hazards are mainly concentrated in the following four points:

1. Various fire protection facilities are imperfect and the market design does not meet the requirements of national building design regulations.

2. There are serious phenomena of chaotic fire safety management, random modifications, illegal building construction, random connection of electrical lines, and illegal use of fire and electricity.

3. The government has not done enough to supervise the rectification of fire hazards in the market and has not taken decisive measures.

4. The fire safety awareness of the market’s own management departments and operators is weak.

Key points: All employees must understand the fire hazards of their unit and master the corresponding emergency measures.

2. Contents of the four fire safety abilities

1. The ability to inspect and eliminate fire hazards. That is to check the use of fire and electricity and illegal operations; check the exits of passages and block them; check the facilities and equipment to prevent damage and misappropriation; check key parts and prohibit out-of-control leaking pipes.

2. Ability to put out initial fires. That is, after a fire occurs, employees at the fire site will form the first fire-extinguishing force within one minute; after the fire is determined, the second fire-extinguishing force will be formed within 3 minutes.

3. Organize evacuation and escape capabilities. That means being familiar with evacuation passages and safety exits, and mastering evacuation procedures and escape skills.

4. Fire protection publicity and education capabilities. That is, there are fire propaganda personnel, fire propaganda positions, fire propaganda signs, and a training mechanism for all employees to master fire safety knowledge.

Key points: By promoting the construction of "four capabilities", all employees can achieve "three understandings and three meetings": that is, they understand basic fire protection knowledge and can check and correct fire hazards; they understand how to use fire protection facilities and equipment, Be able to put out initial fires; understand escape and first aid skills, and be able to organize personnel evacuation.

3. Fire safety management system

Fire and electricity safety management system; fire safety education and training system; fire inspection and inspection system; fire protection facilities and equipment maintenance management system; Fire control center management system; fire hazard rectification system; fire extinguishing and emergency evacuation plan drill system; fire safety work evaluation and reward and punishment system.

Key points: Continuously improve various safety systems and standardize the unit's fire safety work.

IV. Fire alarm knowledge

1. Remember the fire alarm phone number; 2. State the name and detailed address of the fire unit; 3. State the fire situation: state the fire substance and the location of the fire. , the size of the fire, the spread of the fire, the presence of flammable and explosive chemicals, whether people are trapped, water sources, etc.; 4. Leave the name and phone number of the caller for easy contact; 5. Send a dedicated person to guide the fire at the intersection The car arrived at the fire scene in time.

Key points: Timely and effective alarms can greatly reduce fire risks and losses.

5. Fire prevention inspections and fire prevention inspections

(1) Key fire safety units should conduct daily fire prevention inspections and determine the personnel, content, location and frequency of inspections. Other units can organize fire prevention inspections as needed. The contents of the inspection should include:

1. Whether there are any violations in the use of fire and electricity;

2. Whether the safety exits and evacuation passages are smooth, and whether the safe evacuation instructions and emergency lighting are clear. In good condition;

3. Whether fire-fighting facilities, equipment and fire safety signs are in place and intact;

4. Whether normally closed fire doors are closed and whether they are stacked under fire shutters The items affect the use;

5. The presence of personnel in key fire safety areas;

6. Other fire safety conditions.

Fire prevention inspections of public gathering places during business hours should be conducted at least once every two hours.

(2) Fire prevention inspections should be conducted at least once a month, and the inspection contents should include:

1. The rectification of fire hazards and the implementation of preventive measures;

2. Safety evacuation passages, evacuation signs, emergency lighting and safety exits;

3. Fire truck passages and fire water sources;

4. Fire extinguishing equipment distribution _ and effective status;

5. Whether there are any violations in the use of fire and electricity;

6. The mastery of fire protection knowledge of key types of workers and other employees;

< p>7. The management of key parts of fire safety;

8. The implementation of fire and explosion prevention measures for flammable and explosive dangerous goods and places, as well as the fire safety of other important materials;

9. Fire protection (control) duty status and facility operation and recording status;

10. Fire prevention inspection status;

11. The installation, integrity and effectiveness of fire safety signs ;

12. Other contents that need to be checked.

Key points: Proficient in the content of fire prevention inspections, combined with the fire risk of the unit, and carrying out targeted fire prevention inspections in an orderly and standardized manner, which is the key to preventing fires and extinguishing and escaping after fires. effective measures.

6. Key points and precautions for the use of simple fire-fighting facilities and equipment

(1) Key points for the use of dry powder fire extinguishers:

1. Occupy the upper (side) wind direction; 2. Keep an appropriate distance (2 to 5 meters) and turn the fire extinguisher upside down several times to loosen the dry powder in the cylinder; 3. Pull out the safety pin and press the handle; 4. Aim at the root of the flame; 5. From far to near , spray horizontally;

Notes:

1. The fire extinguisher should be kept upright and should not be used horizontally or upside down; 2. When extinguishing a scattered liquid fire, the fire extinguisher should be sprayed horizontally.

3. When putting out a fire in a container, the nozzle should be aimed at the wall of the container; 4. Once used, the fire extinguisher must be refilled.

(2) Key points for using indoor fire hydrants:

1. Press: press the alarm button to start the pump; 2. Release: put the hose to the fire point; 3. Connect: Connect the fire hydrant hose and water gun into one; 4. Open: turn on the fire hydrant switch.

Notes:

1. Use fire hydrants to extinguish the fire with at least three people, two holding water guns and one person opening the valve (to prevent the interface from detaching and causing high-pressure water to injure people).

2. The water hose should be laid in the direction of the fire scene to avoid twisting. When extinguishing fire at close range, it should be laid in an S shape.

3. When using a fire hydrant, you should first check whether the power is cut off and then perform rescue operations after the power is cut off.

4. Substances that burn or explode when exposed to water cannot be extinguished with water or water-containing fire extinguishing agents.

5. Flammable liquids that are lighter than water or insoluble in water.

Key points: Mastering the use of fire-fighting facilities and equipment is an effective way to extinguish initial fires and control the spread of fires.

7. Evacuation methods and precautions

(1) Use simple protective equipment and leave the danger area immediately. When escaping, you can use a wet towel or wet mask to cover your mouth and nose, crawl on the ground and walk through the danger zone, or wrap your head with a wet towel, wrap your body with a wet quilt or blanket, and lean over to rush out of the danger zone.

(2) Choose simple and safe passages and evacuation facilities and leave the fire scene quickly.

(3) Make your own simple life-saving rope and do not jump off the building. When all passages are blocked by fireworks, bedding, sheets, etc. can be torn into strips, twisted into ropes, tied to solid objects, and then slowly slid down the ropes to the ground or lower floors to escape.

(4) Create temporary shelter and wait for rescue. If all passages are cut off and there are no other equipment (such as life-saving ropes, life-saving bags, etc.) available, you should retreat indoors, seal the doors and windows with wet quilts, clothes, etc., and continuously pour water upwards to create a temporary shelter. At the same time, they called the police for help by making phone calls, banging on the washbasin, throwing things out, shouting, and turning on lights and flashlights at night.

Notes:

(1) Employees and evacuation guides should remain calm and calm in the face of danger. Guide people present to overcome fear, light tending, habitual psychology, and imitation (herding) psychology.

(2) Employees and evacuation guides should be alert to smoke, high temperature injuries and collapse damage of building structures during the evacuation process, and promptly remind those present.

The persons responsible for fire safety, managers and employees of hotels and restaurants should achieve "four proficiencies":

Proficient in evacuation and escape routes; Proficient in guiding evacuation procedures; Proficient in escape How to use facilities; be proficient in fire scene self-rescue skills.

Key points: By carrying out fire safety education and training and fire emergency evacuation drills, employees can master the correct evacuation and self-rescue methods, which can effectively reduce casualties at the fire scene.

8. Emergency measures for common fires

(1) Emergency measures for fires on people

If your body is on fire, take off your clothes and hats quickly; If you don't have time to take off your clothes or can't take them off, immediately lie down and roll on the spot to put out the flames on your body; if there are other people present, you can pour water on the person who is on fire or wrap your body with a wet sack or blanket to put out the fire. , but do not use a fire extinguisher to spray directly on the person on fire; if there is a nearby river, pond, etc., you can quickly jump into shallow water. However, if the burn on the human body is too large, it is not advisable to jump into the water to prevent infection.

(2) Emergency measures for electrical appliance fires: First, power off the electrical appliance, and then use dry powder fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, and 1211 fire extinguishers to put out the fire. It is not advisable to directly use water to put out the fire before the power is cut off.

(3) Emergency measures for oil pan fire. When the oil pan catches fire, cover the oil pan with a lid to suffocate it. If a fire occurs while cooking, you can add chopped vegetables to the pot to lower the temperature in the pot. It is strictly forbidden to pour water into the pot to prevent splashing, which may cause the fire to increase.

(4) Emergency measures for liquefied petroleum gas fire: first close the valve of the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder, then use a wet towel, wet blanket, etc. to extinguish the fire, and move the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder to a safe and ventilated area.

Key points: Emergency measures are an effective way for us to deal with emergencies and avoid risks.

Editor’s note: Safety is a systematic project for the whole society, but for every individual, safety is a kind of cultivation. Safety focuses on awareness, requires accumulation, and relies on dissemination.

This article only collects and organizes some of the most basic hotel and restaurant fire safety knowledge. I hope you will gradually develop a safety awareness in your work and living habits, accumulate safety wealth in a subtle way, and spread safety seeds in your coming and going. ** *Together we create a harmonious social collective, a safe working environment and a healthy family.

Basic knowledge of fire safety in shopping malls. Employees are advised to prevent fire hazards before they are ignited. In order to strengthen the safety production management of shopping malls, each employee must enhance safety awareness and be familiar with and understand the "Four Understandings, Four Meetings",? In order to ensure the safe, orderly and normal operation of the mall, the detailed contents of the "Four Understandings", "Four Meetings" and "Four Capacity Buildings" are now clearly stated as follows:

1. 1. Four understandings:

Understand the fire hazards of this position,

Know the measures to prevent fires,

Know how to put out fires,

Know how to escape.

(1) Understand the risk of fire in this position

Whether the wires in the counter are aged or have poor contact, whether the power supply of the electric iron is cut off in time when not in use, and whether open flames such as electric welding are used in the mall. Report to leadership for approval.

(2) Understand fire prevention measures

Items in the warehouse should not be stacked too high and should be kept 30-50 centimeters away from lighting. It is prohibited to use open flames such as lighters for lighting. Leave the warehouse with ease Turn off the lights and prohibit counter spotlights from illuminating flammable items at close range.

(3) Know how to put out fires

If live equipment catches fire, you should call immediately and cut off the power supply to get a dry powder fire extinguisher nearby. When live equipment (wires) catches fire, it is strictly prohibited to use water to put out the fire without cutting off the power supply.

(4) Know how to escape:

Be familiar with and understand the evacuation passages on this floor, and know how to escape yourself.

2. Four meetings:

Be able to call the police,

Be able to use fire extinguishing equipment,

Be able to put out the first fire,

Customers will be directed to evacuate.

(1), will call the police

Alarm procedure: first confirm the size of the fire and what kind of materials are burning, then call the fire alarm number: 119 or 110. Don’t panic and call the police. Know the location, floor, burning materials, size of the fire, name and phone number of the caller, and send someone to the intersection to greet the fire truck.

(2) Be able to use fire extinguishing equipment

When using a dry powder fire extinguisher, first unplug the safety pin, aim the nozzle at the root of the fire, keep a distance of 1 to 2 meters, and press Press the handle, swing the spray left and right, and advance in parallel; when using the water hose in the fire hydrant to extinguish the fire (two people are required to operate), don’t panic. Take out the water hose first and shake it off, connect the water gun and valve interface, pull the water gun to the fire scene, and open the valve Fight the fire. If the length of the hose is not enough, you can take out the hose from another fire hydrant and connect it to the nearest fire hydrant to extinguish the fire.

(3) Be able to put out the first fire

In addition to calling the police immediately as soon as a fire breaks out, you should immediately take out the dry powder fire extinguisher nearby, unplug the safety pin, stand upwind of the fire, and turn the nozzle Aim at the root of the fire point and press the handle with your hands 1-2 meters away from the fire source. You can also go to the nearest fire hydrant box, open the water hose, connect the water gun and valve interface, and open the water valve to extinguish the fire.

(4) Will guide customers to evacuate

Be familiar with the safe evacuation passages on this floor. Once a fire is confirmed, evacuees should not panic, try to comfort customers and guide customers to the nearest place in an orderly manner. safe escape route.

2. Four Capacity Buildings

1. The ability to organize inspections and eliminate fire hazards

2. The ability to organize and fight fire hazards that arise

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3. The ability to organize and guide personnel to evacuate and escape

4. The ability to organize fire safety publicity, education and training

3. What must be done in daily work

1. Be familiar with the fire hydrants, fire extinguisher placement locations and evacuation routes on this floor, and fully understand the store's "Fire Fighting Plan".

2. The fire door should be kept normally closed, the fire passage should be clear, and no objects should be placed under the fire shutter door.

3. When goods are coming in and out, the goods on the truck cannot be stacked too high to avoid breaking the sprinkler heads, smoke detectors and other equipment; it is strictly prohibited to hang lanterns and advertisements on fire sprinklers and smoke detectors. , decorations, etc.

4. It is strictly prohibited to place containers, goods, trucks, shopping carts, paper sheets, pallets and other debris in passages, freight elevators, under fire shutter doors, in front of fire hydrants and fire extinguishers. Please dispose of pallets promptly when they are used up. Put them away; it is strictly forbidden to place tableware, tea sets, etc. on the boiling water bucket; it is strictly forbidden to place debris on the passage, dry clothes, towels, etc.

5. Warehouse goods should be stacked in a standardized way, and there should be entry and exit passages. Large and heavy items should not be stacked too high. Garbage such as paper and cardboard generated in the warehouse should be cleaned up in time.

6. It is strictly prohibited to use open flames such as lighters and candles for lighting in the warehouse. Turn off the lights when you leave the warehouse.

7. If you find someone smoking, children playing with fire, or damaging fire-fighting equipment in the mall, you should stop them immediately.

8. After proofing in the mall, turn off all power supplies (except for night use); promptly remove paper and other garbage generated on the day to the unified garbage storage area of ??the mall.

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