What is the design of quick questions for the postgraduate entrance examination of architecture and urban planning?

PART 1 The reference book "Rapid Architectural Design 100 Case" was published by Li Zhitao Southeast University Press, and the second edition is available in the market. The beige cover 16 is square. The style of this book is a typical "Southeast Style". As we all know, Li Lao is an expert in this field, and he is also responsible for the annual southeast fast-topic remedial class. In short, the works included in the book are free and unrestrained, and the collected works have a typical effect of expressing excellent works by hand. Moreover, the book makes a relatively in-place comment on each of the collected works from both positive and negative angles, and the advantages and disadvantages are clear at a glance. Of course, some contents and statements are inevitably controversial, and everyone can keep their own views to compare and consider the problem. In addition, the preface of this book was specially added by Li Lao in the second edition, which is concise and enlightening to practice.

Editor-in-Chief of Architectural Design Guidance Series: Rapid Architectural Design Methods, published by Xu Weiguo Tsinghua University Publishing House, with black cover 16. This book is theoretical, but slightly weaker than the last one. However, due to its integrity, many problems are described in detail in the chapter. At the same time, the collected works have the rigorous style of Tsinghua University, and the lines are difficult to express. Most of them are expressed by ruler tools, which is suitable for students who are preparing to apply for Tsinghua and those who are good at ruler expression.

The second part is the preparation before quick questioning and related matters needing attention.

This is a part that many people will ignore. Everyone's attention is often focused on the design and expression of some quick questions themselves. However, sharpening the knife does not mistake the woodcutter. Some of my common tricks are shared with you here.

1. Paper and related preparations

The choice of papers only exists when candidates prepare themselves. Many colleges and units tend to have their own examination papers, because they have their own inspection purposes. For example, copying paper (also called sketch) is suitable for investigating the most commonly used paper for architects to express their design intentions and design results quickly. What I want to say is not how to use each kind of paper, but that in the process of practice, everyone should participate in the expression practice of various papers, so that they will not panic when they meet the unified exam in the examination room.

On the other hand, when the examination paper is provided by the examinee, there are many preparations that can be made:

(1) General principle of paper selection: First of all, it is important to give full play to your good expressive force, and then use a piece of paper with low transparency but enough to see the pencil lines below. All kinds of paper have different characteristics, so you should try to figure it out by yourself in the process of practice. As far as transparency is concerned, being too transparent is not allowed in some colleges and universities, and being completely opaque is not conducive to improving the speed of comparing and overlapping drawings. This side ball is still to be played.

⑵ Auxiliary axis grid: Use HB or B pencil to gently spread a grid with a certain scale on the paper. If you can see clearly, don't be too deep, which will affect the expressive force of the painting, and the lines are too shallow to see clearly. It is best to cover the same piece of paper with a suitable depth. The grid spacing is drawn with the design module commonly used by oneself and the drawing ratio that I practice (for example, 8mx8m, 6mx6m, drawn on paper with the ratio of 1: 200, that is, 4cmx4cm, 3cmx3cm). This is mainly for the axis, whether it is freehand expression or ruler expression, it will play an auxiliary role, and secondly, it will eventually form a certain composition effect on the map.

⑶ Font: Write the name of the design project in a square with a side length of 3-4 cm (such as "Sales Department"), and then write "Quick Design" on it in a slightly smaller font. It is recommended to use simple and generous fonts.

Similarly, the design of the grid describes the design name (such as 1 plan, etc.). ) can also be laid in advance. However, considering the inverted composition of drawings and the size of various drawings, it is still recommended to make layout when designing grids, because layout has a great influence on the drawing effect. Or you can write it on a small piece of paper and then stack it on the map during the exam.

(4). This is the most critical but not necessarily point: choose the appropriate papers according to the expression methods and tools you are good at. The specific operation should be considered according to your own situation, so I won't go into details here.

2. Use a pen:

A. stylus-brand: optional. Goyle disposable stylus is recommended.

This disposable needle-tube pen has a variety of thickness specifications ranging from 0.05 to 1.2, which is very suitable for expressing pen bone lines in more rigorous technical drawings.

B. Art pen-brand: optional, recommended heroes 238 and 59.

In the free and unrestrained freehand brushwork expression, a good art pen plays the role of multiple needles with different thicknesses and specifications at the same time, which makes the expression effect richer, but saves the time of changing pens. Although the time for changing pens is not long, you should know that every minute counts in the examination room. If the pen indicates a heavy weight, the time consumption for changing pens will accumulate.

The third part expresses relevant matters needing attention.

Generally speaking, there are some tips that can be used immediately, but they are far less than the above aspects. Mainly because the quick questions themselves need long-term practice and accumulation.

1. General drawing sequence and work content:

① Scheme stage

The scheme stage referred to here generally covers all the plan, main elevation, spatial perspective and layout design, which is the most important drawing content to determine a scheme. Other drawings, discrete surfaces and general plans can be generated by the first three.

(Note: The site design of the general plan should be completed together with the entrance plan, and the effects such as coloring at all stages can be completed together or after all drawings are completed, but it is suggested that the effects such as coloring should be completed together with the drawing of bone lines. )

② entrance plan

(3) Sketch of the second floor plan (local three floors).

What needs to be explained here is that the so-called "sketch" refers to the sketch that can directly guide the drawing, not the conceptual intentional sketch. For students who are quick-handed, you can finish the sixth step here in advance. The reason why he and surveying and mapping are divided into two steps is because the overall progress requirements-the main elevation and perspective/axonometric drawing are two very important links.

④ Main elevation view

Whether the perspective is one point, two points or three points, the main facade is an important design source. After completion, it can be said that the perspective/axonometric drawing is 1/3.

⑤ perspective/axonometric drawing

The axonometric drawing has always been the requirement of Tongji University. In addition, I have never heard of other universities taking this form of investigation. I haven't experienced it before, so I don't want to elaborate here. I hope someone can make it up.

A little perspective is the simplest and time-saving method, and the advance and retreat relationship of depth space can be directly pulled out from the main facade. But the effect is not good, and it is only applicable to the scheme with clear advance and retreat relationship of the main facade. Two-point perspective is the most commonly used. In addition to directly using the design results of the main elevation, you can also design the secondary elevation synchronously, which will be used in the subsequent secondary elevation drawing. It is suggested to use two-point perspective, because we all know that the graphic effect of quick questions is very important, the design improvisation may not have too good inspiration, or the reasons accumulated on weekdays are not enough to shock the world, but graphic expression is a link that can be added as much as possible, so we must take it seriously and pay enough attention to it. As for the three-point perspective, spatial expression and layout composition are the best.

⑥ Complete the second floor plan (local three floors).

Through the entrance plan and the completed main elevation and perspective view.

All landowners introduction

Grasp it through the completed plane main elevation and perspective views of each floor.

Today's elevation

By the completed main facade, the plan and perspective to grasp.

Pet-name ruby general plan

Grasp by the entrance layer plane

Attending design analysis/structural details, titles, design instructions, etc.

You can prepare the text work described in PART 1 in advance.

Analysis mainly refers to the volume analysis, and the effect of hand-drawn volume analysis chart is very pleasing. Structural details are some simple expressions of the main structural relations, and creative architectural details can also be prepared in advance before the exam.

Note: the time spent in each stage should be determined according to your own habits, and a fixed schedule can be formed. How much time is the best for each stage? Every time I draw a picture, it takes different time at different stages according to the specific situation. However, it is always found that the first five steps of the above 10 step should account for 55% (4-hour quick questions) -65% (6-hour quick questions), which is a point. If we can stick to this point, the overall quality will be guaranteed. Of course, everyone's own situation is different, but the general idea is not to be eager for quick success and instant benefit, to ensure the stability of the preliminary design, to put the thinking work on the scheme ahead as far as possible, and to focus on the performance work behind as much as possible.

2. About drawing color expression:

From everyone's different expressions, we can get a target effect of color expression on the picture, but many people wander between various expression types: is it colored lead? Marker? Watercolor? Colored chalk? Or something else?

I roughly divide the color expression into three categories: 1 is an all-round and large-area color expression, 2 only represents the scenery, and 3 only represents the architecture (mainly the key design details of the architecture).

What I admire most is the second method, which has four advantages:

(1) Only painting the scenery will be of great benefit to saving time, and the painting methods of the scenery are also very rich. Choosing the right scenery painting method is enough to achieve the effect of active painting, without worrying about cutting corners. The color expression of architectural design details that really needs to be expressed can be described as embellishment.

⑵ Only draw matching colors, which is convenient for the color system of drawings and will not appear messy. Most of the scenery is mainly green, supplemented by various shades of brown and gray, which can not only set off architectural drawing, but also show a full sense of hierarchy, and the drawing effect is unified and rich.

(3) The expression of architecture can focus more on the expression of lines. No matter what unit or college, it is quite popular to practice vivid line expression in quick questions. Li Lao also mentioned in his book that "the wonder of drawing pen line drawings is actually expressing lines". In order to achieve good graphic expression, the rich line description in architectural expression can never be replaced by the large-area color blanket of rapid expression tools such as markers.

(4) Contrary to the above-mentioned linear expression architecture, the area expression matches the scenery. In this way, the color blocks can be unified, and secondly, it is a good expression of layout design. For example, the perspective view and vertical view or plane view can be connected into a color block, and the brightness and tone are slightly uneven, so that the scenery can be regarded as the line of sight to attract elements in the layout design, and the overall effect of connecting the whole picture in series can be achieved.

Is it enough?