What can past participles do in sentences and what part of speech are they? Please elaborate with examples.

The part of speech of past participle in non-predicate verbs is equivalent to adjectives and adverbs, so its usage (that is, it mainly refers to the components that can be used in sentences) is equivalent to the components that adjectives and adverbs serve in sentences. Common components are: attributive, predicative, complement and adverbial.

For example:

attribute

(fallen leaves)

A gift (given by parents) In English, a phrase should be postpositioned as an attribute, which is called postpositioned attribute.

predicative

I am interested in this book.

supplement

I have never heard this song sung in English.

I had my hair cut last week.

Adverbial (past participle phrase as adverbial)

Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful to us.

(caught in a heavy rain), he was soaked through.