The principle of using fish medicine in pollution-free aquatic products and how to treat fish harmlessly.

The production of pollution-free aquatic products must meet the requirements of environm

The principle of using fish medicine in pollution-free aquatic products and how to treat fish harmlessly.

The production of pollution-free aquatic products must meet the requirements of environmental conditions such as water quality, soil and atmosphere, and have higher requirements for the production of inputs (feed, fertilizer, fish medicine, etc.). ), in which disease prevention drugs are the most critical technical measures. Therefore, aquaculture must master the principle of using fish medicine.

First, choose the medicine. The selection of fish medicine should strictly abide by the relevant regulations of the state and relevant departments. On the basis of not endangering human health and destroying the ecological environment of waters, fish medicine with three effects (high efficiency, quick response and long-term effect) and three small effects (small toxicity, small side effects and small dosage) should be selected. Fish medicine has many functions, which mainly include the following aspects for aquaculture production: preventing diseases, curing diseases, eliminating and controlling enemies and improving the environment. At present, drugs commonly used to prevent and treat bacterial and viral aquaculture animal diseases and improve water environment include calcium oxide (quicklime), bleaching powder, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorine dioxide, dibromohydantoin, quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine and so on. Commonly used fish medicines for killing and controlling parasitic protozoa include sodium chloride (salt), copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, potassium permanganate and trichlorfon. These fish medicines are often used for soaking the body, hanging baskets and splashing wine in the whole pool. Commonly used oral drugs include oxytetracycline, orotic acid, sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole. Chinese herbal medicines include garlic, allicin powder, rhubarb, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Cortex Phellodendri, Galla Chinensis, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Sophora flavescens. Pour the wine into the whole pool and mix the bait to take orally.

Second, scientific and rational drug use. Whether the medication method is appropriate or not plays a decisive role in the prevention and control effect. The methods of administration include oral administration, whole pool wine splashing, whole body soaking, basket hanging and bag hanging, injection, local application and indirect administration. There are three most commonly used. L. the efficacy of this method is not affected by the appetite of cultured animals. As long as the medicine is fully dissolved and the wine is poured evenly, all individuals can come into contact with the medicine. 2. Bath is one of the effective methods to prevent diseases, improve the survival rate of seedlings and protect the environment. The method is to concentrate the fry in a small container filled with water, use high-concentration drugs for a short time, force the bodies of cultured animals to receive drugs, and disinfect the body surface. This method has the advantages of low dosage and good control effect, but it is more troublesome. 3. Oral method is also called drug bait method. According to the situation of cultured animals, the corresponding drugs are mixed in the feed, and the drugs are taken into the body with the feed, thus playing a role in the body. This method has a good effect on preventing parasitic and bacterial infections in the body. When taking drugs, it is necessary to prevent drug abuse, blindly increase the dose or increase the number of times of use, and extend the use time.

Third, prevent drug residues. The so-called drug residue refers to the prototype compound of fish medicine and its metabolites, including impurities related to the drug body, remaining in any edible part of aquatic products. The limit of pesticide residues in pollution-free food and aquatic products (ny5O7O-2OO2) stipulates that chloramphenicol, furazolidone, diethylstilbestrol and olaquindox should not be detected in aquatic products. The maximum allowable amount/concentration of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfonamides and synergists (such as iodopyrimidine and sulfadiazine) on the surface or inside of aquatic products is 100μg/kg. At the same time, we should pay attention to the withdrawal period, that is, the shortest time from the last stop of medication to the sale of aquatic products as food. Such as the withdrawal period of some commonly used drugs: bleaching powder? Five days. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, chlorine dioxide? Oh, my god Oxytetracycline? 30 days (eel)? 2l days (catfish). Oral quinic acid? 25 days (eel)? 2l days (carp, fragrant fish)? L6 days (other fish); Sulfamethoxazole 37 days (eel); Florfenicol? 7 days (eel).

Fourth, put an end to fish drugs. The Guidelines for the Use of Fishery Drugs for Pollution-free Foods (ny5O7l-2OO2) stipulates that it is strictly forbidden to use fish drugs with high toxicity, high residue or three toxins (carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and teratogenicity). It is forbidden to use fish medicine that seriously damages the water environment and is difficult to repair. It is strictly forbidden to pour alcohol antibiotics directly into aquaculture waters. It is forbidden to use newly developed new drugs for human use as the main or secondary components of fish medicine. Prohibited fish medicines include the following kinds and varieties: trichlorfon, bhc, lindane, toxaphene, DDT, calomel, mercury nitrate, mercury acetate, carbofuran, chlordimeform, diclofenac, cypermethrin, sodium pentachlorophenol, malachite green, trypan arsone, antimony potassium tartrate, sulfathiazole, sulfadiazine and furacilin. These drugs are absolutely forbidden in the production of pollution-free aquatic products, otherwise, they will be banned.