Kong's birthday

September 28th is the birthday anniversary of Confucius, a great thinker in ancient China.

■ Confucius (55 BC/KLOC-0 BC/-479 BC) was a thinker, politician and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and was the founder of Confucianism. The famous mountain, the word Zhong Ni. Lu (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong Province) was born. Ancestors were nobles of the Song State. Jin Mu, the father of the fifth ancestor, took refuge in Lu, and later decided to avoid Lu. My father's uncle is a warrior of Lu. He is famous for his bravery.

■ Confucius lost his father at the age of 3, and moved to Kuili with his mother Yan Zhizai to be taught by him. When Confucius was young, he "played for his children and the imperial guards made a gift." . When I was young, my family was poor. 15 years old was determined to learn. The dragon, on the other hand, has been a "Commissioner" in managing warehouses and a "farmer" in managing cattle and sheep. He is open-minded and eager to learn, and has no fixed teacher. According to legend, he once invited Li to learn happiness from Changhong, and learned piano from his teacher. At the age of 30, he has become a well-known local scholar, and learned from his teacher in Quezhong, setting a precedent for setting up a private school. Its ideological core is "benevolence", and "benevolence" means "love". He regards "benevolence" as the norm and purpose of benevolence, so that "benevolence" and "courtesy" can be used mutually. It is advocated that rulers should govern the people with morality and treat others with courtesy, so as to reproduce the prosperous time of the Western Zhou Dynasty when "rites and music were conquered from the emperor" and realize their ideal of "great harmony".

■ At the age of 35, Confucius left because of civil strife in Lu. In order to get close, he became a vassal of the nobles of Qi State. The following year, Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about political affairs. Confucius said: "A monarch should be like a monarch, a minister should be like a minister, a father should be like a father, and a son should be like a son." Gong Jing admired Confucius very much and wanted to use him, but Yan Ying, king of Qixiang, stopped him, so he gave up. I want to return to Shandong as soon as possible, continue to learn knowledge and train my disciples. At the age of 5 1, he was appointed as the commander of the capital of Lu (now a local official in Wenshang West). Due to good governance, "all directions will be followed within one year". At the age of 52, he was promoted from the commander-in-chief to an ordinary patrol in Lu. In 500 BC (the tenth year of Lu), Confucius put forward that "those who have military affairs must have weapons and those who have military affairs must have documents". Want to threaten LuJun submission, Confucius reprimanded with courtesy, saved the national dignity, Qi Huangong had to promise an alliance to make peace and return Lu 'an and the three places to Lu. When Confucius was 54 years old, Ji entrusted him to take pictures. In order to improve the authority of the monarch, he put forward the idea of "reducing the three capitals" and restraining the three Huan (Dr. Lu Guosan), but the result was opposed by three doctors and failed. At the age of 55, the monarch and minister of Lu accepted the beauty presented by Qi and indulged in debauchery all day. Disappointed, Confucius abandoned his official position and left Shandong, leading his disciples around the world to find another opportunity to display his talents. During this period, he worked for more than 70 emperors, but nothing happened. In 484 BC (eleven years), Ji Kangzi of Lu listened to the persuasion of Confucius' disciples and sent someone to pick him up from Weiguo.

■ After Confucius returned to Lu, although he was honored as the "old man of the country", he was still not reused. He no longer seeks official positions, but concentrates on continuing to engage in education and document sorting. He trained more than 3,000 disciples in his life, 72 of whom were proficient in six arts (etiquette, music, archery, imperial defense, calligraphy and mathematics). In teaching practice, a whole set of educational theories, such as teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, paying equal attention to learning and thinking, drawing inferences from others, inspiring and inducing, the teaching spirit of tireless learning and teaching others, and the learning attitude of "knowing what it is, not knowing why" and "not ashamed to ask questions" are praised by later generations. He has deleted poems and books, ordered rites and music, and revised Chunqiu, which comprehensively sorted out the ancient documents of China. A sense of security and happiness for the elderly has reached the realm of "Bian Wei's Three Musts".

His only son, Kong Li, died at the age of 69. At the age of 7 1, Yan Hui, a favorite pupil, died of illness. Confucius was so sad that he lamented, "The sky is lost! The sky is lost! " This year, someone caught a monster named Lin in Luxi and died soon. He thought that the appearance and death of Kirin, a symbol of kindness and auspiciousness, was an ominous sign of world chaos, so he stopped compiling the book Spring and Autumn Annals. When I was 72 years old, I suddenly learned that Zhong You had died in a national disaster, and I was deeply saddened. In the second year (479 BC), in February of the summer calendar, Confucius was ill for 7 days and died.

■ The main words and deeds of Confucius' life were compiled into The Analects by his disciples and re-disciples, which became the classics of later Confucian schools.