Understanding of drama

The question is a bit general. I don't know what you want to know.

China people first came into contact with western drama, and some diplomats went to the west. They watch the performances of western dramas either out of diplomatic etiquette or out of curiosity. Obviously, they are very novel and most interested in this: first, they talk about the beauty of western theater architecture, "more magnificent than palaces"; Secondly, I am surprised at the noble status of western artists. The so-called "British vulgar performers are artists, not as low as China's actors", "the voice of actors is so heavy that they compete with princes"; The third is to lament the realistic scenery of western drama. "If the audience experiences the scene, it is suspected that it is not a person"; Fourth, attach importance to or exaggerate the social function of western drama. Take France as an example. It is said that after the German war, France was defeated, so it collected huge sums of money to build a theater to "encourage Chinese people to take revenge bravely."

Later, with the opening of coastal ports in China, some western missionaries and foreign nationals poured into China, and Shanghai became their main gathering place. Here, they entertain themselves by performing some western dramas. 1866, foreigners founded the first western-style theater in Shanghai-Lanxin Grand Theatre. It is run by foreigners, and plays edited and performed by amateur troupe ADC are regularly staged.

Some China people who have studied abroad or are interested in western drama often visit Lanxin Grand Theatre. They were lucky enough to watch western dramas in China, and gradually got a more specific understanding of this new artistic style.

It should be pointed out that at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, when a large number of western dramas flooded into China, China's traditional operas were also experiencing the impact of the trend of change. At that time, some people in the field of traditional Chinese opera were very dissatisfied that the old dramas could not reflect the reality of China society. So a wave of opera improvement was set off, and "current affairs new drama" came into being.

To improve the reference of China's traditional opera is the western realistic drama in the eyes of China people. At that time, the famous opera artist Wang Xiaonong (1858- 19 18) created and adapted many operas, satirizing the corruption of the Qing government and advocating "political reform". In the performance of current events in this new drama, the lines of life, Dan, net, end and ugliness are not clearly divided, and the stage scenery tends to be realistic. So, we saw the people of that era, wearing yellow jackets with flowers and feathers on the river, shuttling on the stage with realistic scenery. Even some foreign stories have been made into new dramas on current affairs, and some "foreigners" in suits and ties are allowed to perform the routine actions of China opera. For example, the drama "Poland's subjugation" only adds some dialogue and reduces some singing.

In China, another force to promote the reform of traditional Chinese opera comes from the new school. At that time, some schools imitated western students' plays, and used holidays to let students hold drama benefit performances aimed at praising God or disaster relief. Obviously, it is not easy for students to master the difficult China Opera Kung Fu, while western drama expresses its meaning through dialogue and action, which is easy for them to imitate. Therefore, it is reasonable for them to give up opera and adopt western drama in their performances.

1899, China students from St. John's College wrote and performed a new drama "The Ugly History of Officialdom". The play describes a rich man from the countryside visiting an aristocratic family in the city. When he saw the luxurious scene, he was at a loss and made many jokes, which greatly humiliated him. After returning to China, this man decided to be an official and actually donated a county magistrate. Although he also learned some official etiquette, he will not end the case. Later, he was finally dismissed, and his official clothes were stripped off on the spot, but what was revealed inside was the peasant's homespun clothes.

This drama is "neither a player nor a worker", and its performance method is very different from traditional opera, but some plots draw lessons from traditional opera. The development of students' performance activities broke the limitation of China people's traditional consciousness that performance is a cheap occupation, and laid the foundation for the later performances of foreign students and literati. In addition, this kind of performance, with actors from China, attracts most ordinary people in China, which makes western drama no longer exclusive to a few foreigners, but gradually moves towards the folk in China. Therefore, students are regarded as pioneers of China's early dramas.

Information about China's dramatic art;

Traditional Chinese opera is a traditional form of drama in China. It integrates literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts. Its origin has a long history. As early as the primitive society, song and dance sprouted. In the long process of development, after more than 800 years of continuous enrichment, innovation and development, a relatively complete system of traditional Chinese opera art has gradually formed. Although its origin comes from three different artistic forms: folk song and dance, rap and burlesque, the biggest feature that distinguishes a drama is that it comes from different vocal systems. These musical vocals are based on the language, folk songs and folk music in the region where they are produced, and are produced by absorbing music from other regions. Most of the characters in various dramas are filled by foot color quotient with different faces such as life, Dan, Jie and Ugliness. The focus of the performance is to use routine movements extracted from life and virtual space processing. Paying attention to singing, doing, reading and looking for art, performing and dancing are rich and high in technology, which constitutes a complete opera art system different from other operas.

According to incomplete statistics, there are about 360 kinds of traditional operas and tens of thousands of traditional plays in ethnic minority areas in China. After the founding of New China, many traditional plays have been adapted, and new historical plays and modern plays that express the theme of modern life have been warmly welcomed by the audience. The more popular and famous operas are: Beijing Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yue Opera, Henan Opera, xiang opera Opera, Guangdong Opera, Qin Opera, Sichuan Opera, Pingju Opera, Shanxi Opera, Han Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Fujian Opera, Qi Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Huangmei Opera and Hunan Opera. There are more than 50 operas, especially Peking Opera, which is the most popular and spread all over the country. According to legend, in the early Qing Dynasty, there were four major operas in Beijing, namely Nankun, Yi Bei, Liu Dong and Xibang. According to the records in the eighth year of Jiaqing: "In the Ming Dynasty, there was Kunqu opera, and the sound was heard, while many Yiyang, Bangzi, Qin and Liu in the north and south were homophonic, singing and dancing, and many musicians were unmoved by Beijing." It also illustrates the historical grand occasion at that time. Among them, the so-called Nankun is the Kunshan dialect popular in Kunshan area in the south of the Yangtze River. The combination of northern Yi Guide Opera and northern Quju Opera originated from Yiyang Opera in Yiyang, Jiangxi Province, which was the high-pitched opera spread to the north, which was the Peking Opera prevailing in Beijing at that time. Liu Dong is a popular Liu Qiang in Shandong. Xibang is naturally a Bangzi opera, which is widely circulated in northwest China, that is, Shaanxi opera. It shows the grand occasion of artists from all directions gathering in Beijing.

At present, the above four major tunes have gone far beyond their original scope, and some of them have spread all over the country. Yiyang Opera (that is, high-pitched opera) is widely spread in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hebei and other places. Therefore, people concerned think this statement is unscientific, but this historical statement still objectively reflects historical facts. Judging from the current distribution of operas, Kunqu opera still has a considerable audience base in Shanghai, Nanjing, Zhejiang, Hunan and other places. Yiyang Opera not only took root and sprouted in the north, but also played an important role in the formation of Peking Opera and some northern operas from the Qianlong period, especially in many northern language areas. Although Liu Zi Opera (including Liuqin Opera influenced by it) is popular in northern Henan, northern Jiangsu, southern Hebei and northern Anhui, its important activities are Qufu, Tai 'an and Linyi in Shandong. Although Shaanxi Opera (Shaanxi Bangzi) and the Bangzi from Shanxi, Henan and Hebei are popular in the north so far, the Shaanxi Opera we saw in Gansu, Ningxia and Shaanxi has deeper roots, is older and has a wider audience, so it is called "Nankun, Yi Bei, Liu Dong and Xibang".

Characteristics of China's Opera

1, starting from the leaver and ending with

China opera is a comprehensive stage art form. Its characteristic is that many art forms are gathered together by a standard, and their respective personalities are reflected in the same nature. These forms mainly include: poetry, music and dance. Poetry refers to its literature, music refers to its music accompaniment and dance refers to its performance. In addition, it also includes stage art, clothing, makeup and so on. These artistic factors are all for one purpose in China traditional operas, that is, acting stories; Follow a principle, which is beauty.

2, opera, that is, singing and dancing to play the story.

In a word, China's traditional opera is characterized by "singing and dancing to tell stories" (Wang Guowei, a scholar in the late Qing Dynasty). Traditional Chinese opera and drama in China belong to drama, and they all play characters through actors, and express stories of a certain length through dialogues and actions. The difference is that China traditional opera uses musical dialogue and dance movements to express real life, that is, the means of singing and dancing. Also known as "singing, reading, doing and playing".

3. Get out of the form and take its meaning, get carried away.

China's traditional operas express life in a way of "taking its meaning and abandoning its form", such as freehand brushwork in Chinese painting, which embodies all the beautiful things in life with vertical and horizontal strokes. Therefore, there are red-faced Guan Yu and white-faced Cao Cao on the opera stage; When you were in Long song, you cried and danced with long sleeves; With the spring scenery without flowers and trees, there is no river without waves.

4. Small stage, big stage of heaven and earth

As a stage art, China opera needs to face the contradiction between the narrowness of the stage and the vastness of life. Unlike drama, China traditional opera does not squeeze life with the principle of "three unifications" to facilitate expression. Instead, we use virtual means to create flexible time and space, and complete the description of the vast world with the help of the vivid performance of actors and the imagination and understanding of the audience. Therefore, opera can create the illusion of night under bright lights, and it can ride horses and sail on an empty stage.

Brief introduction of various plays

1, Kunqu opera

Kunqu Opera, also known as "Kunqu Opera" and "Kunqu Opera", is an ancient opera. Originated in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, it became popular after the middle of Ming Dynasty. At that time, most of the legendary operas were sung by Kunqu Opera. In addition to maintaining the characteristics of early Kunqu Opera, Nankun has formed many branches in China, such as Kunyi in the north, Xiang Kun, Chuankun and so on. Kunqu Opera, with its graceful and soft style, delicate and lyrical performance, singing and dancing, and rigorous program, is the representative of China classical operas.

2. High cavity

Gaoqiang is the general name of China traditional opera tune system. Because it originated in Yiyang, Jiangxi, it was originally named "Yiyang Opera" or "Yi Opera". It is characterized by simple performance, popular lyrics, high-pitched and exciting singing, one person singing while everyone is in harmony, and only golden drums are used to play festivals without orchestral accompaniment. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, it has spread from Jiangxi to all parts of the country, and has formed high-pitched operas in different styles, such as Sichuan Opera, xiang opera Opera and Gan Opera.

3. Bangzi cavity

Bangzi Opera is the general name of a kind of opera vocal system. It originated from "Shaanxi Bangzi" at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi, and is characterized by high-pitched and powerful singing and high-five with wooden bangzi. Then it developed eastward and southward, forming different forms of Bangzi cavity in different areas, such as Shanxi Bangzi, Hebei Bangzi, Henan Bangzi and Shandong Bangzi.

4. Peking Opera

Peking Opera, also known as "Pihuang", is composed of two basic tones, Xipi and Huanger. It also sings some local tunes (such as Liu Zi Opera and Blowing Opera) and Kunqu Qupai. 1840 was formed in Beijing and prevailed in 1930s and 40s. It is sometimes called "National Opera". It is still a big drama with national influence. It is the representative of China modern opera, with comprehensive business, mature performance and magnificent momentum.

Step 5 get together by chance

In the late Qing Dynasty, Pingju was formed on the basis of the ditty "Opposite Lotus Falls" in Luanxian County, Hebei Province. It was first popular in rural areas of Hebei province, and then entered Tangshan, and was called "Tangshan Xiazi". It was popular in Northeast China around the 1920s, and a number of actresses appeared. After 1930s, under the influence of Peking Opera and Hebei Bangzi, Pingju became more and more mature, and schools such as Bai, Cailian and Ai Lianjun appeared. After 1950, Liu Qiaoer, Flowers as Media, Yang Sanjie's Complaints, Qin Xianglian and other plays had a great influence throughout the country, with new, famous and famous actors appearing. Pingju is still very popular in Hebei and Beijing.

6. Hebei Bangzi

Hebei Bangzi is a Bangzi opera popular in Hebei and Beijing. It originated from Shanshan Bangzi at the border of Shaanxi and was introduced to Hebei via Shanxi, and was formed by combining Hebei dialect and Beijing dialect. It keeps the characteristics of bangqiang, sings loudly and violently, and is good at performing tragic plots. Hebei Bangzi's famous dramas include Butterfly Cup, Yuanmen Chopper, Du Shiniang and so on.

7. Jin Opera

Jin Opera, also known as "Middle Road Bangzi", developed from Shanshan Bangzi at the junction of Shanxi and Shaanxi to Shanxi, and was formed by combining the characteristics of Shanxi language. Now it is popular in central Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei. It keeps the characteristics of clapping with the beat, and its musical style is not only high-pitched, but also gentle and delicate. The performance is simple and popular. Famous plays include Golden Branch, Little Banquet and Selling Paintings to Open the Door.

8. Pu Opera

Pu Opera, also known as "Zhou Pu Bangzi", was developed from Shanshan Bangzi, the first Shanshan Bangzi. Now it is popular in the southwest of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, with a similar accent and Shaanxi dialect. Famous dramas include hanging pictures, killing dogs and killing post stations.

9. Shangdang Bangzi

Shangdang Bangzi, one of the four major Bangzi in Shanxi, is developed from Zhou Pu Bangzi in southwest Shanxi and is popular in Shangdang area in southeast Shanxi. Besides Bangzi, it also sings Kunqu Opera, Pihuang Opera and Luoluo Opera. Plays include "Three Customs Banquet" and "East Gate Meeting".

10, Yanxi

Yan Opera, also known as "North Road Bangzi", developed from "Zhou Pu Bangzi" and is popular in northwest Shanxi, Zhangjiakou, Hebei and Inner Mongolia. It is said that it has a great influence on the formation of Hebei Bangzi. Dramas include Bloody Handprints and Jinshui Bridge.

1 1, Shaanxi opera

Shaanxi Opera, also known as Shaanxi Bangzi, is the earliest opera of Bangzi, which was formed in the middle of Ming Dynasty. His performance is rough and simple, his singing is loud and exciting, his voice is like a roar, and he is good at expressing tragic plots. The repertoires include Butterfly Cup, You Gui Shan, Three Drops of Blood and so on.

12, table for two

Errentai is a popular opera in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province. It was formed on the basis of Inner Mongolia folk songs and Shanxi folk tunes, and then gradually matured by absorbing the performance elements of Shanxi opera. The performance is full of life and the lyrics are well-known. Most of the dramas are small dramas that show rural life, such as "Walking West" and "Five Brothers Grazing Sheep".

13, Ji Xi

Ji Opera is a popular drama in Jilin Province. Developed on the basis of the "Errenzhuan" in Northeast China in 1950s, it has light tunes, popular words and expressions, simple and popular performances, and plays such as Yan Qing and Bao Gong's Compensation.

14, Longjiang Opera

Longjiang Opera, popular in Heilongjiang Province, was formed on the basis of "Errenzhuan", Latin Opera, Shadow Play and Northeast Local Folk Songs in 1950s. Its performance is relaxed and humorous, and its lyrics are well-known. Plays include Shuang Suoshan and Baoyu in the Wasted Capital.

15, Henan Opera

Henan Opera, also known as "Henan Bangzi". Shaanxi Bangzi, which was introduced to Henan in the late Ming Dynasty, was developed by combining Henan dialect and folk tunes, and is now popular in Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong and other provinces. At first, there were four schools, namely Eastern Henan, Western Henan, Xiangfu and Sha Hetiao. At present, eastern Henan and western Henan are the main areas. Chang Xiangyu, Chen Suzhen, Cui Lantian, Ma Jinfeng, Yan Lipin and other famous actresses appeared in succession. The repertoires include Mu in Command, Matchmaker, Hua Da Chao, Hua Zhuan Gun and modern drama Chaoyanggou.

16, Cantonese

Yuediao is a local opera in Henan, which is popular in Henan and northern Hubei. It is also called "four-stranded string" because it is the main accompaniment instrument. Music is dominated by banqiang, and qupai is also sung. Famous actors include Shen et al. Plays include Jiang Wei, Li Tianbao's Wedding Clothes, and Zhuge Liang's Funeral.

17, Qufu, Henan

Henan Quju is a local opera in Henan province, which is popular in Henan province and northwest Hubei province and developed from Quyi "Henan Quzi". Singing softly and tactfully, he is good at tragic content. Plays include Tong, Chen Sanliang and Hua Ting Hui.

18, Shandong Bangzi

Shandong Bangzi is a local opera in Shandong Province, which is popular in Heze, Shandong Province. Because of its ancient name "Cao Zhou", it is also called "Cao Zhou Bangzi". This bangzi system was formed after Shanshan Bangzi was introduced to Shandong via Henan. The main play is The Story of the Wall.

19, Lu Opera

Shandong Opera is a local opera in Shandong Province, which is popular in central Shandong, Jiangsu and Henan. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was developed from the folk rap art "Shandong", and 1950 was named "Lu Opera". Lu opera performance is full of life, popular and simple, simple singing, easy to learn and sing. Therefore, Lu Opera has a great influence in the vast rural areas. Dramas include The Borrowing of the King, Sister Xian and The Remarriage of Li Ernian.

20. Huai Opera

Huai Opera is a local opera in Jiangsu Province, which is popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Anhui. It originated from Jiangsu folk drama, and then absorbed the artistic factors of Huizhou opera, and gradually developed and matured. His performance was crude and simple. The repertoire includes the traditional repertoire "Female Judge", "Three Women Grab the Board" and the new drama "Golden Dragon and the Ephemera".

2 1, Shanghai Opera

Shanghai Opera is a popular local opera in Shanghai, which originated from a folk song in Pudong, Shanghai, and later formed Shanghai Tan Chun Diao, which was influenced by Suzhou Tan Chun. In 1930s, it was performed in Shanghai in the form of civilized drama, and it was named Shanghai Opera. Most of the plays are modern themes, such as laughing and crying, marriage, arhat money and Lu Danghuo.

22. farce

Burlesque is a traditional China drama popular in Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang. "One-man show" originated in Shanghai, and later developed into a farce with complicated tunes and funny performances. The main repertoires are San Mao's Students' Intention and 123 trot.

23. Yue Opera

Yue Opera is a local opera popular in Zhejiang. Originated in "Duban" in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province, it entered Shanghai around 19 16 and performed in the name of "Shaoxing Literary Opera". First it was dominated by actors, then it became dominated by actresses. After 1938, use the name "Yue Opera". During the period of 1942, the actors of Yue Opera, led by Yuan Xuefen, reformed their performance and singing, absorbed the advantages of Kunqu Opera, and formed a gentle and delicate performance style. There are many artistic schools, such as Yuan (Xuefen) School, Yin () School, Fan (Ruijuan) School, Fu (Quanxiang) School and Xu (Yulan) School. Yue operas include Xianglinsao, butterfly lovers, A Dream of Red Mansions, Five Birthday Women, The West Chamber and so on.

24. Wu Opera

Wu Opera is a local opera popular in Jinhua, Zhejiang, also known as "Jinhua Opera". This is a multi-part opera. Its vocal cavity is composed of Gao Qiang, Kunqu Opera, Tan Chun and Hui Diao, each with its own repertoire and performance characteristics. The repertoires include Monks and Monks' Meeting, Peony Going to Class, Broken Bridge and so on.

25. Shao Opera

Shao Opera is a local opera popular in Shaoxing and Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, which was formed in the late Ming Dynasty. With "357" and "Fan Er" as the main vocal cavity, he is good at martial arts in performance, and his style is rough and simple. Plays include Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon, Long Hudou, Hanging Impermanence, etc.

26. Huizhou Opera

Anhui Opera is a popular drama in Anhui, Jiangsu and other regions, which was formed in the middle of Qing Dynasty and is a multi-voice drama. The main voices are bazi, Chuiqiang and Huang Er, and they can also sing Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang and Xipi. 1790, Huiban went to Beijing to celebrate Qianlong's birthday, which later evolved into Peking Opera. Most of the plays are historical themes, such as Seven Armies under Water, which is adapted from Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

27. Huangmei Opera

Huangmei Opera originated in Anhui and is popular in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei. Its predecessor was the tea-picking tune in Huangmei area. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, a folk opera called "Huangmei tune" was formed, which was sung in Anqing dialect. In 1950s, under the reform of Yan Fengying and others, Anhui Opera became more and more mature and developed into an Anhui local opera. Famous plays include The Fairy Match, The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, The Woman Xu and so on.

28. Fujian Opera

Fujian opera, a kind of opera popular in Fujian. It rose in the middle of Ming dynasty and basically took shape in Qing dynasty, but on a smaller scale. At the beginning of the 20th century, the influence of Peking Opera became more and more great, and the vocal cavity was basically complete, including five kinds: funny cavity, foreign cavity, Jianghu, minor and bango. Plays include Lian Yin and Swan Banquet.

29. Puxian Opera

Puxian Opera is a local opera in Fujian, formerly known as Xinghua Opera, which was fully mature in the mid-Ming Dynasty and was popular in Putian and Xianyou. The music is Qupai style, and the performance is quite quaint and lyrical. Plays include Zhang Xie's No.1 Scholar, After Reunion, Spring Grass Running to the Moon Hall and so on.

30. Liyuan Opera

Liyuan Opera is a kind of opera with a long history, which can be said to be a "living fossil" of opera. Many southern operas in the Song and Yuan Dynasties have been preserved, such as ghosts, Jing, Liu, worship and killing in Zhu Wen. After 1950s, Dong Sheng, Shi Li and Yin Jiefu were edited and performed.

3 1, Gaojia Opera

Gaojia Opera, popular in Jinjiang and Longxi areas of Fujian Province, originated in the middle of Qing Dynasty, and gradually formed a scale after absorbing the performance factors and repertoire of Liyuan Opera. In the 1920s, influenced by Peking Opera, it gradually matured. Its main business is clowns, and its performances are like puppets, which are very distinctive. The plays include "Continuously Ascending to Level 3" and "Jin Kuixing".

32. Gan Opera

Gan Opera is a kind of opera popular in northeast Jiangxi, which developed from Yiyang Opera in Ming Dynasty, and is composed of Yiyang Opera, Qingyang Opera, Kunqu Opera and Luantan Opera. Plays include Dou Eyuan, Chai Jing Ji, Pearl Ji, Rebirth Ji and so on.

33. Tea picking drama

Tea-picking opera is a popular opera in Jiangxi province, which is mainly developed by combining folk songs and dances sung by local tea farmers when picking tea. Jiangxi Tea-picking Opera is divided into East, South, West, North and China, and has its own characteristics in performance. Plays include Sun Cheng Da Jiu and so on.

34. Han Opera

Han opera generally refers to operas popular in Hubei, Henan, Shaanxi and other places. It originated in Hubei and was originally called "Chu tune" or "Han tune". The main melody is Xipi tune, and Huang Er tune is also sung. It has a history of nearly 300 years. The main plays are Frontline of the Universe, Two Plums, Shen Tao University, etc. In addition, there are Han operas in Changde, Hunan and Guangdong, all of which are multi-cavity operas, which are very different from those in Hubei.

Xiang opera.

Xiang opera is a local opera in Hunan Province, which is popular in Changsha and Xiangtan. It originated from Yiyang Opera in the Ming Dynasty, and later absorbed Kunqu Opera and Pihuang Opera, forming a multi-cavity opera including high-pitched, low-pitched, Kunqu Opera and random play. Plays are mainly high-pitched and casual, such as Pipa, White Rabbit and Yue Bai.

36. Qi Opera

Qi Opera, also known as "Qiyang Opera", is popular in Qiyang and Shaoyang areas of Hunan Province. Originated from Yiyang Opera in Ming Dynasty, the vocal cavity is dominated by high notes, and it also sings Kunqu Opera and Opera. The repertoires include Biography of Mulian, Biography of Zhongjing, Master Play and Guanyin Play.

37. Hunan Flower Drum Opera

Hunan ancient painting drama is the general name of Hunan ancient painting and lantern drama, including Changsha ancient painting, Yueyang ancient painting, Changde ancient painting, Hengyang ancient painting and Shaoyang ancient painting. They have different stage languages and formed their own styles. The performances of ancient paintings are simple, cheerful and lively, with xiaosheng, Xiao Dan and clown as the main businesses, and they are good at using fans' towels. Plays include Shooting Birds and Chopping firewood with bangs.

38. Cantonese Opera

Cantonese opera is popular in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Formed in the early Qing Dynasty, it was a combination of high-pitched tune, Kunqu opera, yellow skin and bangzi imported from other places and local folk music. Music is both a board cavity and a musical style. Plays include Search College and Guan Hanqing.

39. Chaozhou opera

Chaozhou Opera is popular in Shantou, southern Fujian and Taiwan Province Province. Mainly influenced by Yang Opera, Kunqu Opera and Han Opera imported from other places, it was formed in the middle of Ming Dynasty, and many works of Song and Yuan Dynasties were preserved in the repertoire, such as Chen Sanwu Niang, Sweeping the Window, Lulin Hui and so on.

40. Guangxi Opera

Guangxi Opera, popular in northeastern Guangxi and southern Hunan, was formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Its singing method is mainly Pihuang, and it also sings Kunqu opera, Gao Qiang and Chuiqiang. Plays include grabbing umbrellas, picking up jade bracelets, cabinets and so on.

4 1, hue

Colored tones, formerly known as "tones" or "tea picking", are popular in Guangxi. Formed on the basis of local folk songs and dances, it has a history of nearly 200 years. 1955 was named "Caidiao". Its performance is free and lively, full of life. The most famous play is Third Sister Liu.

42. Zhuang drama

Zhuang drama, popular in Guangxi, Yunnan and other Zhuang areas, is divided into two factions: South Road and North Road. The former originated from the local "bench play", and its main plays are Long Wen and Xiao Ni. The latter originated from "Double Spring Opera", and its main play is "Treasure Hulu".

43.sichuan opera

Sichuan Opera is a local opera in Sichuan Province, which is popular in Sichuan and its surrounding areas. It consists of Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera, Tanxi Opera and Dengxi Opera, each with its own repertoire. Sichuan opera has a high-pitched and exciting singing voice, humorous performances and a strong flavor of life. The main repertoires include the traditional repertoire "Hosta", "The Story of Liu Yin" and "Capturing Wang Kui alive", as well as the new repertoires "Dead Water", "FACE/OFF" and "Gold".

44. Guizhou Drama

Guizhou Opera is a popular local opera in Guizhou Province, which is developed from the folk art "Qin Wen" and accompanied by dulcimer, with strong local characteristics. Plays include Zhu Niang Lang Mei and Mrs. Luxury Fragrance.

45. Yunnan drama

Yunnan Opera is a local opera popular in Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou, which was formed in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It is composed of imported Sixian, Xiangyang and Huqin, with Sixian as the main one. The play includes Niu Hao's deception and breaking into the palace.

46. Dai Opera

The Dai opera, popular in the Dai inhabited areas of Yunnan Province, was formed in the middle of Qing Dynasty, originated from local folk songs and dances, and absorbed the artistic nutrition of Beijing Opera and Yunnan Opera. With erhu as the main accompaniment instrument, the performance is simple, singing and dancing. Plays include E and luo sang.

47. Tibetan opera

Tibetan operas popular in Tibet, Qinghai and other Tibetan areas are sung in Tibetan. Formed in the17th century, mainly represented by Buddhist stories and folklore. Actors wear masks when performing. The performance is divided into three parts, the first part is the opening, named "Dun"; The second is a drama called "Bear"; The third part is the blessing at the end, called "Tashi". The most famous play is Princess Wencheng.

48. Shadow play

Shadow play is also called "shadow play", "light shadow play" and "local shadow play". A drama in which the outlines of characters carved from animal skins or cardboard are illuminated with lights to perform a story. Traditional Chinese opera and aria mostly interact with local operas, which are manipulated by artists and sung with music. China movies have a history of 1000 years. Due to the differences in popular areas, vocals and silhouette materials, many categories and operas have been formed, among which the donkey shadow play in Tangshan, Hebei Province and the cowhide shadow play in Northwest China are the most famous. Among them, Tangshan shadow play has developed into a comprehensive art with exquisite carving skills, dexterous manipulation skills and lyrical singing music.