What is the third-line construction? What's the background?

First-line areas refer to front-line areas located on the border and coastal areas; The second-line area refers to the eastern half of Anhui, Jiangxi and Hebei, Henan, Hubei and Hunan provinces between the first-line area and the Beijing-Guangzhou railway; The third-line area refers to the vast area south of the Great Wall, north of Shaoguan, Guangdong, west of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and east of Wushaoling, Gansu.

First and third line construction background

20 18 to 10 The Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China made it clear that the "three-line spirit" of "hard work, selfless dedication, unity and cooperation, and courage to innovate" is an important part of the national spirit. The "three-line spirit" embodies the enterprising spirit, the responsibility spirit with the overall situation in mind, the unity spirit of sincere cooperation, the innovative spirit of being the first, and contains the feelings of home and country and firm ideals and beliefs that dare to pay or even sacrifice for the party and the country and socialist construction.

From 1964 to 1980, a large-scale national defense, science and technology, industry and transportation infrastructure construction was carried out in the central and western regions of China 13, which is called the third-line construction in history.

Second, the third line construction content

Mainly including Sichuan (including Chongqing), Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and other provinces, as well as parts of Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guangdong and other provinces. Among them, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan in the southwest and Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai in the northwest are commonly known as the "big third line", and the hinterland of the first-and second-tier areas is commonly known as the "small third line". Say something about administrative divisions: first-line areas: Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Xinjiang and Tibet. Third-tier areas: Sichuan (including Chongqing), Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and the hinterland of Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi and other provinces, * * * involves 13 provinces. The area between the first layer and the third layer area is the second layer area.

In the first-and second-tier provinces, a number of provincial-level "small third-line local military enterprises" have been established, led by the Provincial Defense Industry Office, to produce semi-automatic rifles, 7.62 mm intermediate power rifles, grenades, fuses, mortar shells, heavy machine guns, medium and small caliber mortars, rocket launchers, rocket launchers, anti-aircraft machine guns and recoilless gun, that is, the firepower of infantry battalions. Strive to "save" the war of self-defense and persist in resistance in the future war against aggression. Acheng and Shangzhi are small lines in Heilongjiang, Huinan in Jilin, Lingyuan in Chaoyang in Liaoning, Yiyuan in Shandong, Jiyuan in Henan and Xiangyang in Hubei. Loudi in Hunan, Lianjiang in Guangdong, Hechi in Guangxi, Lu 'an in Anhui, Weinan in Shanghai, Wanzai in Jiangxi, Anfu, Sanming in Fujian, Yunhe in Zhejiang, Longquan, Xuyi in Jiangsu, Aragou in Hejing County in Xinjiang and Pingliang in Gansu.

There are many new projects in Guizhou, the eastern mountainous areas of Sichuan, the central plain of Sichuan, Hanzhong and the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, with large scale and large industrial population. Among them, Chengdu, Sichuan mainly receives light industry and electronics industry, Mianyang and Guangyuan receive nuclear industry and electronics industry, while Chongqing is a conventional weapons manufacturing base, even including the third plutonium production reactor (8 16 factory) and conventional submarine manufacturing (Wangjiang Shipyard); Guiyang, Guizhou mainly undertakes the photoelectric industry, and Anshun mainly undertakes the aircraft industry. It should be noted that not all the third-line construction is the inward migration of coastal industries, but also a large number of basic industries such as Changqing Oilfield, Panzhihua Metallurgical Industry, Liupanshui Coal Industry and a large number of supporting railways and highways.

1After the 1980s, with the reform and opening up and the easing of the Cold War, the word "secrecy" gradually appeared in newspapers. After the reform and opening up, many third-line construction units are difficult to develop because of their remoteness and isolation. 1983 65438+in February, the government of China established the third-line office of the State Council in Chengdu (/kloc-0 was changed to the third-line office of the State Planning Commission in the 1990s, and it was renamed the third-line coordination center of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense in the 2nd century).

19841/kloc-0 held a meeting in Chengdu in October, and the first batch of 12 1 units was determined, and 48 units were migrated and merged, all of which were converted into 15 units. Later, some third-tier enterprises moved to nearby small and medium-sized cities, such as Xianyang, Baoji, Shashi, Xiangfan, Hanzhong, Guangyuan, Deyang, Mianyang and Tianshui. Technology-intensive enterprises and military science and technology enterprises moved to Chengdu, Chongqing, Xi, Lanzhou and other big cities.

Extended data:

From 1964 to 1980, during the period of 16, which runs through the three five-year plans, the state invested 205.268 billion yuan in the central and western regions of 13 provinces and autonomous regions, accounting for more than 40% of the total national capital construction investment in the same period. 4 million workers, cadres, intellectuals, PLA commanders and tens of millions of migrant workers, under the call of the times of "food is the most important thing for the people" and "being a good person and going to the third line at once", packed their bags and waded across mountains and rivers to the deep valleys and desert wilderness in the southwest and northwest of the motherland, where they camped and bravely shouldered heavy burdens, and built 65,438+with hard work, sweat and life.

Third-line construction

Third, the significance of third-line construction

Third-line construction interprets the profound connotation of national sense of hardship. The Chinese nation is a disaster-ridden nation. During its thousands of years of development, it has cultivated a profound sense of hardship and cultural belief. It is precisely because people of insight in the past dynasties put national security in an important position from the national interests that the Chinese nation has turned from internal troubles and foreign invasion to safety again and again, and has stood among the nations of the world for thousands of years. Because the industrial layout of coastal cities and regions is too concentrated and the strategic rear is missing, national security is seriously threatened. Not only the key enterprises involved in industry and transportation should be relocated in time, but also the related scientific research institutes should be moved to the inland hinterland. Based on the strategic guidance of "preparing for war and preparing for famine", the CPC Central Committee quickly unified opinions, formed a * * * understanding, and decisively made strategic arrangements for the third-line construction. A general war involving 13 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions and tens of millions of human resources has received positive response and support from the people of the whole country.

Third-line construction has accelerated the widespread spread of modern industrial civilization. In order to consolidate the new political power and change the unreasonable economic situation, the party and the state pay more attention to the inland construction while focusing on building the industrial base in Northeast China. Mao Zedong clearly stated in "On Ten Major Relationships" that "the relationship between coastal industries and inland industries should be handled well", which laid the foundation for the proposal of the third-line construction. After the development of the third-line construction, China transferred some industrial productivity to the southwest and northwest inland areas. In this process, core projects such as metallurgy, transportation and national defense industry have developed rapidly. In the 1970s, the third-line construction was rolled out in an all-round way, and a large number of key enterprises related to the national economy and people's livelihood mushroomed in the western region, forming iron and steel enterprises represented by Pangang Group and Jiugang Group. Space centers represented by Jiuquan and Xichang; A coal base centered on Liupanshui and Weibei; Conventional ordnance bases represented by Chongqing and Xiangxi; Gas fields represented by Jianghan, Changqing and Zhongyuan. Invested in the construction of 10 railway trunk lines in Sichuan and Guizhou, Cheng Kun, Guikun, Xiangyu and Xiang Qian, with a total length of nearly 8,000 kilometers and 250,000 kilometers of highways, forming 45 major product specialties, more than 2,000 scientific research bases, large-scale backbone enterprises and scientific research units. At the same time, factors of production such as capital, technology, talents and machinery and equipment quickly gathered in the western region. A large number of scientific and technical personnel and skilled workers have also moved to the third-tier areas. As representatives of advanced productive forces, they also sent advanced technology and management experience to the west, which injected great vitality into western industrial civilization. In particular, it has trained a large number of talents for the construction and development of the western region, promoted the renewal of the concept of the western region, initially changed the unbalanced economic development between the eastern and western parts of China, and promoted the social progress in the inland and frontier areas of China.

Third-line construction has promoted the emergence and blending of immigrant culture. From 1964 to the end of the early 1980s, the third-line construction experienced a migration tide of 17 years, spanning 13 provinces and regions, and more than 4 million experts, scholars, skilled workers, technicians and party and government cadres moved from industrial centers such as Shanghai, Shenyang, Harbin, Jilin, Beijing and Qingdao to the mainland and Qingdao. The influx of immigrants has had a far-reaching impact on the living conditions of local people and regional culture. According to the principle of "relying on mountains, hiding and dispersing" formulated by the central government at that time, most of the third-line construction projects, especially large and medium-sized enterprises and national defense factories, are located in the valley. In addition to the production facilities, a set of living security systems, such as hospitals, nurseries, schools and public security sub-bureaus, have been built, providing support for the daily life of immigrants and building a platform for the emergence and integration of immigrant culture. After getting married and having children, a builder from different regions left his hometown, which not only brought his hometown feelings, but also brought his hometown customs. This has also injected fresh blood into the local culture, and all new elements have been integrated into his daily life, dress and manners. After the arrival of the relocation factory, the relocated workers from all over the country have a cultural psychology of "being strangers" in addition to their hometown complex. Some relocated factories, especially large and medium-sized factories, generally have their own production and living systems, forming a special community that looks like a "small society", thus forming new thinking, new ideas and new mechanisms and cultivating strict organizational discipline. The relaxed cultural atmosphere, relaxed cultural psychology, broad cultural vision and diversified cultural life have promoted the collision and new liberation of immigrants' thoughts, formed a hospitable, open, novel, tolerant and inclusive quality of life, realized the organic integration of foreign culture and local culture, and laid a deep cultural foundation for today's open, developed, harmonious and harmonious multicultural western region.