What are the impacts of military high technology?

The so-called military high technology refers to those technologies that are applied in the military field and can have a major revolutionary impact. The rapid development of military high technology has not only raised weapons and equipment, combat theories, and war forms to a new level, but as one of the material conditions for war activities, it will also inevitably have a huge impact on the military. ?

High-tech military technology has injected great vitality into military strategy, which has made great progress

Technology determines tactics, which is a basic point of Marxist military theory. The application of high and new technologies in the military has greatly improved weapons and equipment, which has provided new material means for war leaders to implement strategies and added many new contents to ancient military strategies. ?

The development of virtual reality technology will make it possible to "conquer the enemy without fighting"

"Conquer the enemy without fighting" is what every war director strives for The ideal state is also the highest goal pursued by military strategy. In past military struggles, war leaders usually used mental warfare methods such as force deterrence in an attempt to achieve "conquering the enemy without fighting." However, because of its great uncertainty, it has achieved little success. The development of virtual reality technology and its application in military affairs have made the means to achieve this ultimate goal concrete and real. At present, virtual reality technology has been widely used in military training, campaigns, tactical confrontation exercises and other military fields in the armies of developed countries such as the United States. It can be concluded that with the continuous development of virtual reality technology, it is possible to know the outcome of the war through computer simulation, so as to achieve "conquering the enemy without fighting." ?

The development of information technology has made the strategy of "capturing the king" easy

"Capture the thief first, capture the king" is one of the principles of military strategy highly praised by military strategists at home and abroad in ancient and modern times. Information technology has equipped modern weapons with "ears" and "eyes", making the strategy of "capturing the king" easy and comfortable. In a war, any hostile party can carry out a devastating blow to the enemy's leader and enemy command and control center. Late at night on April 21, 1996, while making a phone call in the field, Chechen rebel leader Dudayev was attacked by two air-to-surface missiles dozens of kilometers away and was killed immediately. In the Gulf War, the first thing the multinational forces led by the United States attacked was the Iraqi command and control center. ?

Modern weapons and equipment make the "deception" strategy shine

We never tire of "deception" in military battles. The core of "deception" is to conceal the truth and reveal the lie in order to confuse the enemy. purpose. Modern weapons and equipment have made the "deception" strategy even more powerful, and thus in modern local wars, scenes of "deception" dramas, true and false, and false and true, have been staged. In June 1981, Israel staged a fake long-distance attack on the Iraqi nuclear reactor; in May 1982, the British army made a surprise attack on the Falklands; in June 1982, Israel launched a "machine" and "bomb" raid on the Bekaa Valley; in February 1991, the multinational force "clearly "Repair Kuwait and secretly cross Ishak" (the main attack direction is actually the junction of the three countries of Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait on the western front), and successfully implemented the "left hook". All of these are achieved with the help of advanced modern weapons and equipment. ?

The development of reconnaissance technology has enriched the connotation of the "Yong Jian" strategy

Sun Tzu said: "If you want to know the enemy's situation, you must use Jian." What Sun Tzu refers to as "Jian" "That's what we usually call a spy. Today, due to new reconnaissance technology and its military application, it has become a reality to "know the enemy's situation without any delay". Reconnaissance satellites in the sky, reconnaissance aircraft at high, high, and low altitudes, reconnaissance submarines traveling under the sea, and various electronic reconnaissance stations on the ground. The quantity, scope, and means of obtaining intelligence are unmatched by ancient spies. During the Gulf War, the multinational forces had 34 reconnaissance and surveillance satellites of various types in space, 110 reconnaissance aircraft and electronic warfare aircraft of various types at medium and high altitudes, 200 tactical reconnaissance aircraft and electronic warfare aircraft at medium and low altitudes, and 200 reconnaissance aircraft and electronic warfare aircraft at medium and low altitudes. There are countless kinds of electronic reconnaissance equipment. These reconnaissance equipment constitute a reconnaissance system that covers the entire battlefield from space to the ground (sea) surface, providing more than 95% of the intelligence for multinational forces.

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Modern technical equipment makes the "attacking the heart" strategy come up with new tricks

"Attack the heart first" is one of the important principles of military strategy. Modern technical equipment makes this ancient strategy more effective. New strategies come out frequently. One evening during the Gulf War, two lightweight fighter jets of the US military took off from an aircraft carrier and flew straight into the sky over Iraq. With the long "air tail" ejected from the tail and superb flying skills, they quickly "painted" the sky over the desert. Display a huge Iraqi flag. After the air raid warning, the Iraqi officers and soldiers hiding deep in the tunnel looked out and saw: High in the sky, there was a national flag covering an area of ??several hundred square kilometers. They immediately cheered in unison, thinking that this was "a gift from God and a gift from God." Metaphor, we will definitely win." However, at this moment, the two US planes quickly turned back and flew across each other, making a cross through the four colors on the "national flag". The Iraqi officers and soldiers were shocked when they witnessed this tragic scene. The ominous omen quickly spread in the minds of the officers and soldiers, and their morale was greatly reduced. ?

The development of computer technology has provided an effective means for "choosing the best"

Although the strategy has been produced, does it conform to objective reality? Is it based on the most complete information possible? Are there any contradictions in its own deduction? Can it achieve the expected purpose? These questions are difficult to answer accurately by manual operations alone. With the development of electronic computer technology, electronic military command systems (C3I systems) with electronic computers as the core have been equipped with a large number of troops. It can integrate command, control, communication and intelligence functions to achieve information acquisition, transmission, The automation of processing, display and decision-making assistance can provide strategists with scientific judgments to support the formation of strategic optimization plans and reduce the blindness of strategy.

While high-tech military technology brings opportunities to military strategy, it also faces many severe challenges.

Just like the law of development of anything, high-tech military technology is also bringing opportunities to military strategy. While the military strategy is injecting vitality and vitality, challenges inevitably come to the military strategy. As a military strategy to guide war, under high-tech conditions, it will mainly face the following challenges. ?

High technology has added powerful "propellant" to the suddenness of war, making it more difficult to "plan first and fight later"

Today's intercontinental missiles can fly in half an hour Leap 12,000 kilometers away to attack any corner of the earth. Strategic bombers can fly more than 10,000 kilometers continuously to carry out combat missions at a speed of more than 1,000 kilometers per hour, and the range of airborne strategic cruise missiles can reach 3,000 kilometers. A naval warship formation can maneuver more than 600 nautical miles day and night, and the radius of activity of carrier-based attack aircraft reaches 1,300 to 1,800 kilometers. The conventional equipment of the army, navy and air force has also unprecedentedly improved its long-range attack and penetration capabilities. With the development of various armed transport aircraft, ground troops can be airlifted hundreds or even thousands of miles away in a very short time. Go into battle on the battlefield outside. In this case, the initiator of the war can launch a sudden strategic attack on an enemy country thousands of miles away without having to travel far across the ocean, or the army can directly launch its troops from its permanent area without having to concentrate and deploy its troops and weapons in advance. Move forward to launch a surprise attack. For example, in the 1986 U.S. air strike in Libya, combat aircraft took off from the U.S. military base in the UK and flew more than 10,000 kilometers continuously to carry out the attack mission, achieving the combat goal in only 12 minutes. During the Gulf War, in order to achieve the suddenness of the "Desert Saber", multinational forces used aircraft and ground transportation to move the 18th Airborne Army 400 kilometers westward the day before the battle; the 7th Army moved 160 to 270 kilometers northwest , the maneuvering speed is shocking. This suddenness of war that "a wise man fails to plan and a brave man fails to respond to anger" provides the defensive side with the possibility of predicting war and leaves time to react to the war, which is the same as "preventing the enemy from defeating the enemy first and then waiting for the enemy to be victorious." military strategy principles, forming a sharp contradiction.

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The "five-dimensional integrated" three-dimensional war increases the difficulty of overall planning

The application of high and new technologies in the military has strengthened land, sea and air weapons and equipment , the deployment of space weapons and equipment has been gradually expanded, and electronic warfare weapons have also been put into use in large numbers. This has greatly expanded the combat space, causing a qualitative change in the previous three-dimensional concept of war, and making the modern battlefield more open to land, sea, air, space, and The development of electromagnetic "five-dimensional integration" joint operations. In any combat operation, even some small-scale local wars, high-tech weapons of sea, land, air, space and electricity will be widely used on the battlefield. The air battlefield, sea battlefield, and land battlefield will be integrated, making the modern battlefield multidimensional. On such a battlefield, a single or a few military services can no longer meet its requirements. This means that once a war breaks out in the future, it will be a multi-level and all-round three-dimensional war on the ground and underground, on the water and under the water, in the sky and in space. The extremely vast war space and the complex situation of joint operations of many services and arms are undoubtedly an extremely severe challenge to "based on the overall situation and overall planning" based on understanding the overall situation of the war and grasping the development trend of the war. ?

The high speed and fast pace of war have added difficulties to timely decision-making in military strategies

Due to the development of high-tech military technology, combat weapons with high mobility and fast response, Various weapons with fast speed and high lethality will flood the battlefield. At present, the degree of mechanization of land battlefield weapons and equipment has reached as high as 70%. 90 armored personnel carriers can transport 1,000 infantrymen to combat locations thousands of kilometers in about 16 hours; the running speed of weapons, tanks have increased from the initial 5 per hour. ?9 kilometers has developed to the current 70 kilometers per hour, ships have developed from the initial 10 knots to the current 30 and 50 knots, and aircraft have developed from the initial 40 meters per second to the current nearly one kilometer per second; ammunition flight The speed has increased from hundreds of meters per second at the beginning to several kilometers per second now; the ammunition will use numerous precision-guided, high-explosive and sub-munitions, with considerable lethality and destructive power. Moreover, various night vision equipment and optical and electronic equipment with all-weather performance will be widely equipped with troops, and the combat capabilities of military weapons at night and in adverse weather conditions will be greatly improved. In future wars, as long as the joint operations of troops holding the above-mentioned weapons and equipment give full play to their comprehensive effectiveness, combat operations can develop into high-speed, all-weather, and all-hour continuous operations, thus greatly improving the time efficiency of the battlefield. In this case, the appearance of fighter planes is only an instant, and major battles and battles will be won or lost much faster than in the past. It is many times more difficult for commanders to accurately capture fighter aircraft on a battlefield with large logistics volume and high speed, so as to timely adjust and revise established military strategies. ?

Update concepts, meet challenges, and develop our military’s military strategy

In order to seize the initiative in future high-tech local wars and develop our military’s military strategy, what needs to be done now There are many, and the most important thing at the moment is to update our strategic concepts. ?

Large Space Operations

Although our military's technical equipment is relatively backward at present, in terms of military strategy ideas, the research on "spatialization" issues cannot be excluded. The content of strategic-level military strategies cannot be included in the expanded war space. We should break through the limitations of previous space concepts, expand our horizons, broaden our thinking, and plan our military's strategies and tactics to deal with large space operations under the existing technical and equipment conditions. ?

System Combat

Compared with the past, modern combat involves more services, weapons and equipment, and more combat methods, making modern combat an interrelated, interdependent, and interdependent system. A larger and more complex combat system composed of many combat elements restricted by the system. To plan such a war, we must establish a modern system concept, use the principles and methods of system science, focus on the overall and overall situation, connect various combat elements into a complete system, conduct a comprehensive and comprehensive analysis, and determine the optimal strategic plan.

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Information to win

In today's rapid development of information technology, information has become an extremely important and huge strategic resource and force that affects the overall situation of war. The ability to master and use information resources and Level has become the key to winning or losing a war, and has become a prominent symbol for measuring military strategic capabilities and levels. Therefore, the previous concept of using information only as an auxiliary means for strategic decision-making is obviously outdated. In terms of military strategy, information must be gathered, planned and used as a more important war resource than human, material and financial resources, and efforts must be made to improve the acquisition, transmission, utilization and confrontation capabilities of combat information. 1. Changes in offensive operations theory. The traditional offensive theory emphasizes that the army starts from the march, prepares firepower, starts with tactical breakthroughs, conducts linear operations, and gradually turns to operational breakthroughs and strategic breakthroughs, annihilating enemy defense groups one by one, and seizing important targets or areas. Under high-tech conditions, the significant changes in this theory are that offensive operations have changed from ground assaults to air assaults; from front-to-depth continuous strikes to full frontal and full-depth simultaneous strikes. During the Gulf War, the US military required that the air offensive campaign must first destroy 50% of the Iraqi army's combat effectiveness. After the ground offensive campaign began, the air strikes remained continuous. Fixed-wing armed helicopters were used to annihilate Iraqi armored targets and destroy solid targets. The protagonists of the fortifications, the actions of the infantry were almost close to eliminating the remaining enemies from the movement, with few breakthroughs and offensive operations. From the beginning of the offensive, they carried out violent blows to the strategic, operational, and tactical targets of the Iraqi army. Many people in the former Soviet Army believe that "the victory or defeat of future high-tech wars will not depend on the large-scale use of ground forces, but will be closely related to surprise attacks and air superiority." 2. Changes in defensive operations theory. Because high-tech weapons have improved the army's mobile combat capabilities and firepower, and expanded the combat radius, and because offensive weapons can destroy almost any fortifications, the factor of position support points has become less important, and the defender can maneuver flexibly within a certain area. Attacking the enemy on the ground has become the main means to stop the enemy's attack. This resulted in three significant changes in the defensive operations theory. The first is to emphasize mobile defense. Because mobile defense can comprehensively use offensive, defensive, delay operations and other means, it is a defensive operation that focuses on offensive operations. The second is greater emphasis on flexible organizations. The U.S. military stipulates that whether it is mobile defense or regional defense, you can choose to defend in a fairly forward position and strike when the enemy approaches; you can choose to engage in decisive battles with the enemy in major areas; you can lure the enemy in depth and then attack the enemy's flanks and rear; It can even launch a destructive attack before the enemy. The third is to emphasize the implementation of deep strikes against attacking enemies and operations in deep areas in the rear. The US military believes that deep operations, close operations and rear operations are unified in defense. "Operations in depth will disrupt the enemy's troop movements within depth, destroy high-value targets critical to the attacker, and disrupt the enemy's command and control at critical moments." In the rear area, that is, fighting within one's own depth, "The main function is to protect the commander's freedom of action by preventing the movement of command and control, fire support, logistical support and reserves from being disrupted by enemy forces." 3. Changes in command theory. The fundamental change in high-tech command activities is from commanding a manpower-intensive army to commanding a technology-intensive army; from a theory based on human command to a theory based on automated command systems. Its performance is: in intelligence work, it has developed from mainly human reconnaissance to mainly technical reconnaissance, and extensively used high-tech reconnaissance equipment to obtain intelligence. In the Gulf War, the reason why the troops of the warring countries were able to obtain accurate, comprehensive and timely intelligence mainly relied on superior technical equipment with full-time, all-round reconnaissance and automated information transmission capabilities. Its early warning aircraft are in the air 24 hours a day, the intelligence and reconnaissance system can timely transmit multi-spectral images of real battlefield conditions, and the global positioning system and position calibration reporting system can navigate and indicate targets for aircraft and ground troops at any time; from the ground to outer space The intelligence, communication and command system manages more than 34,000 frequencies every day and can maintain 700,000 phone calls and 152,000 text messages every day.