Who knows the common saying of customs?

1. Living customs

Dressing: In the late Qing Dynasty, farmers tried to sew casual clothes by hand, mostly using coarse cloth (homespun) as clothing material. Single coat: men wear short jackets with bias or double-breasted, big waist and wide crotch pants, and the color of clothes is mainly white and blue. Women wear cardigans that are slightly longer than men's, and the style of trousers is the same as that of men's trousers. Cotton-padded clothes: most people wear cotton-padded jackets and trousers. The styles of cotton-padded clothes for men and women are the same as those for men and women, mainly in blue and black. Adult men usually wear a large cloth belt to tie their waists (five feet long) in winter. Those who wear long gowns and robes can lift their right lapels and put them in a large belt at the left waist, which is convenient for walking and working. Men and women have the habit of tying their trouser legs with belts (commonly known as tying their legs), and children often wear home-spun, home-dyed, home-woven striped and plaid clothes.

Teachers, doctors, businessmen, etc. should wear long gowns in winter, instead of big cloth belts. Most gentry and rich families use silks and satins as their clothing. Men wear long gowns, jackets and mandarin jackets in spring and autumn, robes and waistcoats in winter, and they don't need big belts to tie their waists.

Children wear open-backed pants and red cloth embroidered with flowers and animals. Lovely children often wear pants with two legs of different colors (commonly known as mandarin duck pants). In winter, children wear cat's hoof cotton trousers (the legs are slightly longer and the bottoms of cotton socks are put on the legs). Babies wear earth pants (made of cloth into tight crotch shorts, after wearing them, tie their legs with cloth belts and fill them with appropriate amount of sand).

during the Republic of China, people's clothes didn't change much. There are a few people wearing tunic suits and suits in towns. A few school students wear uniforms, middle school students wear uniforms, and primary school students wear boy uniforms.

In the early days of the People's Republic of China, after the land reform, farmers' lives were improved, and more and more people wore fine cloth (commonly known as foreign cloth). Middle-aged and elderly people still wore old-fashioned casual clothes, and government officials, workers, doctors, teachers, students and teenagers were popular with uniforms, such as Zhongshan suit, Lenin suit, youth suit, student suit and work clothes. Clothing colors are mainly blue, white, gray and black. There are fewer and fewer people wearing long gowns and robes. During the Cultural Revolution, there was a craze for green clothes among teenagers. After 1978, people's clothing styles, materials and colors have changed greatly, and there is not much difference between urban and rural areas. People wear uniforms, such as Zhongshan suit, Lenin suit, youth suit, student suit, work clothes, suits, sportswear, zipper shirts, jackets and so on. Young people are fashionable in suits, young women are fashionable in trousers skirts in summer (not much in rural areas), long and short woolen coats are worn in winter, down jackets and leather jackets are increasing, and there are still a few old people wearing old-fashioned casual clothes in rural areas. Most of the clothing materials are chemical fiber cloth and blended cloth, followed by woolen cloth, and it is rare to wear cotton clothes. Clothing colors are becoming more and more diversified, including red, yellow, blue, white, black, gray, green and various stripes, squares, printed cloth and so on.

Up to now, it is becoming obsolete for babies to wear earth pants. Children still have the habit of wearing red cloth Chinese-style chest covering, mandarin duck trousers and cat's hoof cotton trousers.

hats During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, peasant men generally wore knitted monkey head hats (also known as tiger hats) and felt mats, and straw hats (made of wheat oranges or reeds) and hats in hot weather. In winter, women often wear twist headscarves made of earth-spun, earth-dyed and earth-woven, and elderly women wear two tiles. In the Qing Dynasty, six melon-skin hats (also called hat mats) with red pimples on the top of tiles prevailed among men in the Confucian family, and felt hats were worn in the Republic of China.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, uniform hats became popular among men, while those wearing felt mats and monkey head hats became less and less. In winter, they mostly wore navy velvet hats (commonly known as locomotive hats). Women often use square kerchiefs and scarves to wrap their heads, and their colors vary according to their age. After 1978, the cap became popular among men, and in winter, the middle-aged and elderly women gradually developed the knitted cap.

hairstyles before the Qing dynasty, men had full hair. After the Qing army entered the customs, it changed to shave around the head and grow long hair at the top, with a braid hanging down behind it. After the Revolution of 1911, there were fewer and fewer men wearing hair and braids, most of them shaved their heads, and a few rich boys had short hair (commonly known as foreign heads). During and before the Republic of China, women wore full hair, unmarried women wore a braid hanging behind their backs, and married women wore a bun behind their heads (commonly known as braiding). During the Republic of China, female students had their hair cut (commonly known as half hair, which grew to the neck).

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, short hair became popular among men, and only the elderly shaved their heads. Haircuts are popular among women, and a few young women have long hair and double braids. Most elderly women still wear their hair in a bun. After 1978, many young men and women paid attention to the beauty of their hair and kept their hair permed.

In the old shoe society, women mostly bound their feet and wore pointed cloth shoes, mainly in blue and black. Young women in rich families wear embroidered shoes, while old women wear overshoes (wearing a pair of small shoes with soft soles and then a pair of shoes). Men wear round shoes, mainly blue and black. Farmers generally can't afford rubber shoes and wear oily shoes in rainy days. In winter, people wear cotton shoes, or "wool nests" made of reed tassels and hemp, while men wear wool nests with high wooden soles, which are both rain and snow proof and warm, but they are relatively heavy.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the styles and colors of men's and women's shoes changed greatly. From hand-made shoes to machine-made shoes, sneakers, rubber-soled shoes, suede shoes, polished shoes, plastic-soled shoes, plastic sandals, leather sandals, travel shoes, leather cotton shoes, rain boots, etc., the styles are novel and colorful. After 1978, middle-heeled shoes were popular among young and middle-aged men, and high heels were popular among young women. Up to now, many people still wear high-wood-soled wool nests in winter.

socks at the beginning of the Republic of China and before, people used to wear hand-sewn cloth socks, men were mostly white, and women were mostly blue and black. Then, they gradually wore cotton socks (commonly known as foreign socks). After the soles of the socks were worn out, they put on cloth bottoms to continue wearing them. In the late 197s, there were fewer cotton socks and more chemical fiber socks.

People in this county mainly eat pasta. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, farmers ate wheat flour when harvesting wheat, sorghum, soybeans, millet, corn and other miscellaneous grains flour when harvesting autumn grain, and mixed with red taro and bran vegetables. Except for receiving visitors on holidays, they rarely ate wheat flour at ordinary times, and few rich people ate wheat flour all year round. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, people's lives have been continuously improved. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the rural areas implemented the contract responsibility system of joint production, and farmers began to get rich. Basically, they ate wheat flour all year round, and few people ate miscellaneous grains.

There are many kinds of meals, such as steamed bread, flower rolls, steamed buns, pot cakes, thick buns (also called kang buns), boiled buns, sugar packets, vegetable packets and oil cakes. People in this county are used to eating steamed buns made of dough, especially boiled buns. The method of making steamed buns is to roll the mixed noodles (dead noodles) into round buns (more than a foot in diameter) as thin as thick paper, and then put them on a hot hammer to cook them. In the past, sesame seeds were often mixed into the noodles to make boiled buns, which were then burnt on a kang and given to children as snacks. There are porridge, salty soup, noodles, dumplings, rice, etc. Usually, porridge, noodles and salty soup are the main types. Locals are used to eating white noodles, that is, noodles without oil, salt and vegetables.

The meat in the dishes is mainly pork, sheep, cattle, chicken, duck, goose, fish, etc., and Hui people do not eat pork. Eggs include chicken, duck, goose eggs, etc. Eggs are mostly used for cooking and cooking soup, while ducks and goose eggs are mostly salted eggs. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, farmers seldom ate meat and eggs at ordinary times, and some did not eat them during the New Year holidays. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, people's living standards have been continuously improved, and the average annual amount of meat-eating eggs has gradually increased. After 1978, farmers gradually became rich, the demand for meat and eggs further increased, the market supply was sufficient, and the purchase and sale were booming. Vegetables include Chinese cabbage, spinach and garlic seedlings in spring, cucumber, eggplant, leek, celery, green pepper, tomato and beans in summer. In autumn, there are radishes, winter melons, pumpkins, bamboo shoots, potatoes, cauliflowers, lotus roots, etc., and in winter, there are cabbages and radishes. The vegetables often eaten in the four seasons are onions, garlic, peppers, bean sprouts, tofu and so on. After 1978, the county began to cultivate vegetables in plastic sheds. People can eat fresh vegetables such as celery, pepper, cucumber, cabbage and spinach all year round. Since ancient times, families in this county have a tradition of pickling dried radish, kohlrabi, preserved vegetables, bean paste, watermelon paste, bean curd and so on.

People in this county eat three meals a day, and the general breakfast is porridge (mostly sweet potato porridge in winter), steamed buns and pickles. Lunch is steamed buns, fried (roasted) vegetables and soup; Dinner is noodles, or porridge, steamed buns, or salty soup, steamed buns, accompanied by stir-fried dishes or pickles. Dinner is commonly known as soup. The food tastes slightly salty and spicy.

since ancient times, people in this county like to take a hall facing south (also called North House) as the main room, mostly three rooms, one bright and two dark, with a guest room in the middle, a bedroom in the east and the west, where the elders live. The east, west and south houses are allocated rooms for the younger generation to live in, or used as barns, kitchens and livestock houses. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, working people could not afford to build houses, and most of them lived in the same house for several generations.

In the past, most people's houses were covered with earth walls and grass roofs, and only a few rich families lived in brick houses. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, people's living standards have been continuously improved, and the housing structure has gradually changed. In the 196s, it was generally earthen walls and tiled roofs. After 1978, most of them were brick walls and tiled roofs with corridors. Some farmers built buildings and there were few straw houses. In the past, there were no windows behind people's houses. Up to now, only a few families have left windows behind their houses, and most of them have small sleeping windows.

In the past, people went to the market and visited relatives and friends on foot, and a few people used donkeys, horses and mules instead of walking. Pick up guests and give people away with wooden wheelbarrows or animal-drawn four-wheeled peace cars. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the means of transportation changed constantly. At first, rubber-tyred flat cars were used. After the 197s, bicycles were popularized in urban and rural areas. After 198, there were buses from the county seat to all towns and villages, and many young people bought motorcycles, making it more convenient for the masses to go out or transport.

Second, life customs

Birth and birth: A few days before a pregnant woman gives birth, her mother's family prepares brown sugar and eggs and sends them to her husband's family, which is called "birth". After that, pregnant women generally don't go back to their parents' homes, fearing that babies will be born in their parents' homes and make taboos.

Good news: Three days after the birth of the first-born baby, his father prepares red eggs (boiled eggs dyed red) to go to his father's house to report the good news and inform him of the time to send porridge and rice.

Send porridge and rice: After the first-born baby is born, it is 9 days for girls and 12 days for boys. Grandma prepares brown sugar, eggs, wheat (or millet), baby clothes, jewelry and toys to celebrate. On the same day, other relatives and friends also prepared gifts to congratulate the baby, and the baby's parents held a banquet to entertain them, which was called sending porridge and rice. When the guests return, they will send red eggs and steamed buns to show their gratitude. Grandma usually stays with her grandson for a few days. If she is in a hurry, she should leave a dress.

Receiving the full moon: When the baby is full moon, the grandmother has to receive her grandson for several days. When the baby goes, put some black ink on his face, and when he comes, put some white powder on it. As the saying goes, "When the bad face goes, the white face comes, the longer the baby is, the richer it will be." Grandma sent another chicken and put a piece of red cloth around its neck. This chicken can only be raised and not slaughtered.

before the founding of the people's Republic of China, men and women married in accordance with their parents' orders and matchmakers' words.

matchmaking: also called "proposing marriage". The matchmaker weighed the character, personality, family and social status of both men and women, and thought that the two families were suitable for each other and there was a possibility of marriage, that is, they went to the two families to introduce each other. When the two families got to know each other and had no opinion, the matchmaker told them that their parents were willing to get married for a hundred years.

crossing the border: after the husband and wife agree to get married, the parents of the man will write in red paper, "Don't be stubborn, act rashly, stick to the rules, six gifts are not prepared, and the word" red "will be passed first, and ×× two families are willing to tie the knot. Iceman ×××. The letter dated ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××

Great Cambodia: After the small Cambodia, the man prepares jewelry, clothes, red dates, chestnuts, etc., and the matchmaker sends them to the woman on the auspicious day. After the woman is hired, the Cambodian sticker (commonly known as the birthday sticker) written in red paper will be sent to the matchmaker. The man asked the fortune-teller to marry him. If birthdates and his wife don't agree, they will be engaged.

after the engagement, the man chooses an auspicious day, prepares a sedan chair, suona and a three-eye gun, and goes to the woman's house to get married. A man carried a rooster to his wife's house with his sedan chair, but she didn't stay, and he also gave a hen as a gift to both families for good luck. The bride dresses up, wears a red scarf on her head, wears sedan chair red (that is, red clothes) and wears red embroidered shoes on her feet. When the sedan chair leaves the village, she fires three shots, suona plays in front of the sedan chair, and after she marries the sedan chair, she fires guns and plays music every time she meets the village, bridge and temple along the way. In the eastern part of the county, two maiden brothers brought teapots and teacups to the man's village and returned immediately. In the west of the county, unmarried sisters will send sedan chairs to the man's house to take care of the bride, and the bride and groom will return after visiting the bride.

The sedan chair falls in front of the man's gate. Amid the sound of suona and gunfire, the man and a young girl present a hip flask wrapped in red cloth to the bride (called a gift-giving shell pot). Two other girls, who are different from the bride's genus, helped the bride out of the sedan chair and walked slowly to the reed mat laid in front of the sedan chair. When she stepped onto the second reed mat, she spilled the first reed mat over the bride's head, and so on until the table was offered in the courtyard. During this time, one person on each side of the bride sprinkled red dates, peanuts, osmanthus gardens, chestnuts, husband's skin and other things on the bride's head. This is called scattering battles, which indicates early birth of your son and prosperity. Incense candles are lit on the table, and there is a bucket filled with sorghum. A mirror is placed in the bucket, and a pole is inserted to say that the bride goes to the altar and worships heaven and earth (called meeting the bride) with the groom. After that, the groom picks up the bucket on the table, leads the bride into the bridal chamber, puts the bucket on the bed, and uses the pole to pick off the blush on the bride's head, and the husband and wife * * * have a heart-to-heart drink. At this point, people make trouble in the new house, forcing the bride and groom to engage in kissing, biting an apple, etc. After taking a break, the bride changes clothes and dresses, and visits relatives and friends (commonly known as size distribution) with the groom in front of the altar in the courtyard. First, she visits her in-laws, and then according to the distance of her relatives, she visits them in turn, and the person who asks her head should pay a kowtow gift. In the evening, when the bride and groom enter the bridal chamber, they need someone to listen to the bridal chamber. If no one listens, the mother-in-law or sister-in-law puts a broom in front of the bridal chamber window to show good luck. The lights in the bridal chamber will not be turned off all night. This is called "Long Life Lamp".

On the third day of their wedding, the bride and groom pay homage to their ancestral graves. Generally, on the sixth day after marriage, the bride is picked up by her family and returned on the same day. Pick it up again on the ninth day and send it back after staying for six days, commonly known as "pick it up for nine and stay for six, and never suffer (bitter) for a lifetime". On the 18th day, the bride's family will pick it up and stay for 18 days. The bride will make the whole family shoes and pot covers at her family's home and bring them back to her husband's family.

after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the state promulgated the marriage law, abolished the arranged marriage system, and practiced free love and marital autonomy. It is not common for young men and women in rural areas to get married freely. Most of them are introduced by introducers. Men and women meet first, and then after a period of time to understand the situation, both sides have no opinions, so they go to government agencies for marriage registration and get a marriage certificate. Then choose the wedding date, prepare meals, entertain relatives and friends, and hold a wedding. In the past, the old customs such as celebrating the new year's life, riding in a sedan chair, wearing a red head, sending a pot of money shells, and worshiping the gods of heaven and earth have now been abolished. In the late 197s, when men and women got married, there were gifts for women to meet and betrothal gifts, the amount of which was increasing day by day, which became a social hazard and attracted the attention of the government and relevant units. After publicity and education, this trend was restrained.

Birthdays In the past, only a few wealthy families celebrated their birthdays. Every birthday, relatives and friends prepared gifts to celebrate, and the host gave a grand banquet. Due to the limited economic conditions, few people celebrate their birthdays. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, people's lives have been continuously improved, and more and more people celebrate their birthdays, mostly children and the elderly. Children celebrate their birthdays by lighting candles and eating cakes, and friends and relatives send toys and clothes to congratulate them. Most elderly people celebrate their 66th, 73rd and 77th birthdays. On their 66th birthdays, married children and relatives prepare 66 steamed buns, 66 snacks and 6 kg of 6 pieces of meat to celebrate their birthdays. As the saying goes, "Sixty-six, have a piece of meat"; At the age of seventy-three, there must be carp in the birthday present. As the saying goes, "Seventy-three, eat a carp and run away"; On the 77th birthday, a chicken is indispensable in the birthday present. As the saying goes, "Seventy-seven, eat a chicken".

On a young woman's first birthday after marriage, her parents prepare gifts and invite relatives to congratulate her daughter. This is called "being a birthday girl".

In the past, funeral rituals in this county were complicated and superstitious. The elderly dying.