What are the historical and traditional cultures in De’an, Jiujiang, Jiangxi?

De'an County is a county under the jurisdiction of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province. It has a long history and was called Fu Qianyuan during the Tang and Yu dynasties. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it was located between Wu and Chu, and it was commonly known as "the tail of Chu and the head of Wu".

De'an has a long history. From 206 to 165 BC, Liling County was first established, which was one of the earliest counties in Jiangxi. Xinmang (9 to 13 AD) was renamed Puting. After its destruction, it was renamed Liling County. In the eighth year of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Putangyi was established on the land occupied by Liling County and belonged to Chucheng County. It was later changed to Putangchang. In the first year of Qianzhen in the Five Dynasties (Wu Dynasty), it was the seventh year of Shunyi. De'an County (which means Dexin Sui'an) is located in Jiangzhou. De'an is a thousand-year-old city. It was one of the first eighteen counties established in the Qin and Han Dynasties and left rich cultural relics. The administrative area of ??Liling County (today's Gaotang Township ), there are earth walls that remain, covering an area of ??about 150,000 square meters. There are earthen pits from the Western Han Dynasty, brick chambers from the Eastern Han Dynasty, ancient tombs from the Han to the Six Dynasties such as the Three Kingdoms, Soochow, Jin and Southern Dynasties, etc., which have become witnesses of the historical ancient city. In the first year of Wu Qianzhen in the Five Dynasties (AD 927), Putangchang became De'an County. It belonged to Jiangzhou Road in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and to Jiujiang Prefecture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the winter of the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1912), the province abolished the old system and established thirteen prefectures, De'an County It belongs to Jiujiang Prefecture. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), the whole province was divided into four roads, and De'an belonged to Xunyang Road. In the 15th year of the Republic of China (1926), the four roads were abolished and each county was directly under the provincial government. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), De'an belonged to the fourth administrative region. In the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), Jiujiang and De'an in the fifth administrative region were classified as the ninth administrative region. After liberation in 1949, De'an belonged to Jiujiang Prefecture. In 1983, De'an belonged to Jiujiang City. The county had 9 townships, 4 towns, 1 forestry farm, 1 horticulture farm each, 102 village committees, 6 community neighborhood committees, and the county general committee. Area 863 square meters. The total population is 170,000, inhabited by 16 ethnic groups including Han, Hui, She, Zhuang, Miao and Tujia.

De'an has a long history, beautiful scenery, natural and cultural landscapes everywhere, a long cultural history, many celebrities, and many ruins and cultural relics. Historical and archaeological data prove that many prehistoric cultural sites have been discovered in De'an, with a developed bronze culture dating back five or six thousand years, especially the original cultural sites of Bengke Mountain, Wugui Mountain and Jiaojiatan. The unearthed relics mostly consist of ground stone tools and pottery, and they have four characteristics: large area, rich cultural accumulation, dense settlement, and unique cultural area.

Documentary records show that Xia Yu not only visited Jiujiang but also went to the boundary of De'an for water control, which is also the name of De'an "Fu Qianyuan", indicating that Yu was closely related to the water control of Heping County, the ancestors of De'an. .

Lime Mountain Site: Located 150 meters southeast of Jiangjialong, Nieqiao Town, covering an area of ??about 50,000 square meters, it is the first Xia Dynasty cultural site excavated in Jiangxi Province.

Chenjiadun: A rare Shang Dynasty sacrificial community in the south of the Yangtze River. It consists of 18 earthen walls and is distributed over an area of ??about 2 square kilometers. The ruins are located in the center, covering an area of ??more than 10,000 square meters. The discovered area The rectangular shallow bucket-shaped sacrificial platform of about 2,000 square meters is the most complete religious site of the Shang Dynasty that has been discovered in the country. More than 500 complete and recoverable artifacts have been unearthed.

Yimen Chen: Yimen Chen culture originated from Cheqiao Town (832 AD). Chen Wang, the ancestor of Yimen Chen, purchased property in Changleli, Taiping Township, Jiangzhou because of his official status. It lasted ten generations, 3900 In Yukou, people live together as a family, cook and drink together, beat drums and pass meals around, hundreds of dogs share the same trough, filial piety is passed down from generation to generation, farming and education are passed down, the family has no private wealth, the family property is fully owned, everyone works together, and there is an equal balance. The miracle of distribution and harmonious coexistence has become a harmonious and united big family with the largest population, the most prosperous culture in feudal society, and a historical model of civilization and progress of human society.

Tao Yuanming’s hometown: Located in the forest community of Caihe Village, Wushan Township, it has a natural and harmonious pastoral scenery. More than ten ancient tombs of Tao and Taomen were newly discovered, Tianzhu Peak of Baihe Mountain, Po Po Di, Li Mu There are a total of 1,246 tombs in Chong and Niumiandi, as well as Tao Qian's tomb, Meng Mu's tomb, as well as ancient roads, ancient bridges, Yuanming Ci and other sites.

The Eight Scenic Spots of De'an: Mainly distributed in Puting Town, Fenglin Town, Baota Township, Hedong Township and other areas. It originated in the Yao and Shun periods. It was designated as "De'an County Chronicle" compiled by Yishen Zhou Zhen in the Ming Dynasty. The eight scenic spots in De'an include "Goose Falling in Putang", "Dawn Bell in Kuantang", "Yangju Fairy Trail", "Yifeng Towering Green", "Diaotai Fishing Sing", "Nanzhuang Farming Sou" and "Golden Belt River" It is composed of eight legends and stories including "Wushi Qingquan" and "Wushi Qingquan".

"Wu Qiao Cave" is located at the lower left of Yuanyang Temple in Xiaokunlun Mountain, south of De'an. It is said to be the place where the alchemist Wang Qiao of the Eastern Han Dynasty practiced.

"Yuanyang Temple" is located on the top of Xiaokunlun Mountain. It was built in the third year of Jiatai in the Song Dynasty (1203 AD) by Taoist Wu Shounan. After it was destroyed, it was rebuilt by Taoist Yao Peng and others in the Ming and Song Dynasties.

De'an has a prosperous history and culture, and famous people have emerged one after another. The cultural relics and classics are rich, the culture is prosperous, the candidates have passed the imperial examination, and the talents are prosperous. They are the best in the world. One person was the number one scholar in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the Jinshi: Song Dynasty 52 There are 1 person in the Yuan Dynasty, 7 people in the Ming Dynasty (one of whom is Tanhua), and 7 people in the Qing Dynasty. There are also Dunmu culture, folk culture, academy culture, celebrity culture, Rutie culture, etc. Yimenchen culture has a long history, is broad and profound, rich in connotation, righteousness and harmony, and is a typical Dunmu culture.

The folk culture is De'an Bu Zhang Nuo (De'an Pan Gong Opera): it originated in the late Tang and early Song Dynasty (768 AD) and has a history of more than 1,400 years.

De'an Xihe Opera (Xihe Tanqiang): Originated in the late Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, it is a unique local traditional drama and is included in the "Chinese Opera Dictionary" as one of the four ancient opera types in my country. De'an folk songs spread in Linquan, Fenglin and Gaotang areas.

Academy culture: Chinese academies began in the Tang Dynasty. De'an was one of the earliest places to establish academies in Jiangxi, including the Li Bo Academy in Xintian Village, Moxi, founded in 821 AD, and the Dongxi Academy in 890 AD. Jia Academy is the earliest private academy in ancient my country, predating the "Bailudong Academy" by more than 50 years. There are also "Yimen", "Hedong", "Fuyang", "Xiaoshan" and "Guixiang" founded successively in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. , "Fu Meng" and other 6 well-known academies.

"Wanjialing Great Victory Site", revolutionary sites: Shigu Hall and other red culture, celebrity culture.

Hu Dan: In Quangui Village, Aimin Township, De'an today, Ding Chou was the number one scholar in 997 AD in the Northern Song Dynasty and was the only number one scholar in De'an County.

Xia Song: (985-1051 AD) named Zi Qiao, a native of Baishui, a famous official and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Wang Shao: (1030-1081 AD), courtesy name Zichun, was a famous general in the Northern Song Dynasty and a native of Shanwan. He became a Jinshi in the second year of Song Jiayou's reign and was posthumously awarded the title of Master Shen Guogong.

Wang Cai: a calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty, courtesy name Fu Dao, the youngest son of Wang Shao, a Hanlin bachelor, and became a Jinshi in the second year of Song Chongning.

Chen Chong: The third head of the Chen family in Yimen, Dongjia Academy was officially built in the first year of Dashun.

Zhou Zhen: (1392-1457), named Daoxing, was born in Muhuan. He was an official and censor. He had outstanding political achievements and won the hearts of the people. He donated money to create the "De'an County Chronicle" in the Ming Dynasty.

Xiong Shili: (1885-1968) named Zizhen, his ancestral home is Huanggang, Hubei. His family moved to De'an in the late Qing Dynasty. He was named Qiyuan Old Man. He was an outstanding representative of New Confucianism and a well-known scholar at home and abroad.

Yuan Longping: Hedong Township, De'an County, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, "the father of hybrid rice in the world", won the first highest science and technology award

By collecting immovable cultural relics from the towns under the jurisdiction of De'an County A comprehensive and systematic investigation and research was conducted, and the situation of the cultural relics on the ground was basically understood. There are 10 cultural relics from the Shang Dynasty; 7 cultural relics from the Tang Dynasty; 24 cultural relics from the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties; 1 relic from the Yuan Dynasty; 158 relics from the Ming and Qing Dynasties; 22 relics from the Republic of China; important modern historical sites and representative buildings. Wait for 50 places. There are currently three cultural relics protection sites in Jiangxi Province: Shimeishan Site, Luohan Bridge, and Wanjialing Battle Site. The county cultural relics protection sites include "Shigu Hall", "Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Tower", "Shang Dynasty Wuguishan Site", "Western Zhou Dynasty" Shedun Ruins", "Luxi Corridor Bridge", "Yi Zi Garden" and "Guiwei Mansion" in the Ming Dynasty, "Wenhua Tower" in the Tang Dynasty, "Liu Rizhang's Tomb" in the Song Dynasty, "Wang Shao's Wife's Tomb" and "Shi Weng Zhong" in the Northern Song Dynasty , "Zhou Zhen's Tomb" in the Ming Dynasty and 14 others.

De'an County has a large collection of cultural relics and intangible cultural heritage, and its taste is so high that it is one of the four major cultural relic counties in Jiangxi Province. So far, there are more than 10,000 cultural relics and specimens in the county, including 1 Chinese treasure, 39 national first-class cultural relics, 62 second-class cultural relics, and 159 third-class cultural relics, especially the Shang Dynasty jade cong and wooden hanging ball. , Song Dynasty chronicling blue and white porcelain, Southern Song Dynasty silk clothing, Northern Song Dynasty mural tombs, star diagrams and Southern Song silk painted star diagrams, Southern Song Dynasty ancient corpses, Yuan Dynasty eight-sided jade pots and spring vases, Yuan Dynasty large stone sculptures, Ming Dynasty silk cotton and linen clothing, etc. Exhibit cultural relics. And many treasures are included in the "Essential Dictionary of Chinese Cultural Relics". After a general survey, collection and arrangement of intangible cultural heritage, 19 pieces of folk literature, 16 pieces of traditional music, 5 pieces of folk dance, 8 pieces of traditional drama, 2 pieces of traditional sports, 3 pieces of folk art, and traditional handicrafts were collected and sorted out 3 pieces, 1 piece of folklore, and more than 100 pieces of precious manuscripts, scripts, musical instruments, video materials and other physical objects. There is one item on the national intangible cultural heritage list: "De'an Pan Gong Opera"; four items on the provincial protection list include "Yimen Chen Culture", "De'an Xihe Tanqiang", and "De'an Eight Scenic Folklore"; the municipal level intangible cultural heritage list includes There are 8 items on the cultural heritage protection list: "De'an Zhizha", "De'an Nanhe Opera", "De'an Tao Yuanming's Hometown Folklore", "De'an Farming Song", etc.; on the county-level intangible cultural heritage protection list "Legend of Wenhua Tower" and "Wangwang There are 14 items including the "Fushan Legend", "Diligence and Thrift Song", "Daram Song", "Wedding Song", "Working Chant", "Bamboo Weaving", etc., and the representative inheritors of the intangible cultural heritage projects at all levels have been determined by the province, There are 2 inheritors at the city and county level, 5 inheritors at the city and county level, and 10 inheritors at the county level, establishing "Pan Gong Opera" and "Yimen Chen Culture".