How to use punctuation marks

[Jane Guzhai Chinese Test Paper Blog] Collection Recommendation

I. Types and usage of punctuation marks

(1) points

1. End of sentence

Including periods, question marks and exclamation marks, indicating a big pause after a sentence is finished.

(1) period (. )

A period is used at the end of a statement to indicate a pause after the statement ends. For example:

People all over the country, especially teenagers, should seriously study and understand the history of the motherland, especially the history since modern times.

Please close the door.

We must go back today.

Class is over.

No matter the length of the sentence, as long as the structure is complete and the meaning is independent, a period should be used after the sentence. An imperative sentence with a soothing tone (such as Example ②), an emphasized declarative sentence (such as Example ③) and sometimes a sentence without a subject (such as Example ④) also use a period when expressing the declarative mood.

2 question mark (? )

The question mark is used at the end of the sentence to indicate the interrogative tone. For example:

Why did you come back so late today?

Who is he? Where are you from?

When using question marks, you should pay attention to the following points:

(1) rhetorical question A rhetorical question is undoubtedly a question. The former only asks and doesn't answer, and the clear meaning to be expressed is included in the question; The latter asks himself and answers himself in order to attract readers' attention, but both of them are interrogative sentences, so they all use question marks at the end of the sentence. For example:

When the war was fierce, didn't we walk around the fields looking for weeds?

Who created the human world? It's us working people.

Although the multiple-choice question contains two or more options, it is still a complete sentence, which expresses the complete meaning, so only one question mark is used in the sentence, and the items in the sentence are separated by commas; But sometimes in order to emphasize the independence of each option, you can also add a question mark after each item. For example:

Did she become a beggar when she went out from her fourth uncle's house, or did she go to Grandma Wei's house first and then become a beggar?

Are you going to invigilate tomorrow, or shall I?

Stand in front of them and lead them? Or stand behind them and criticize them? Or stand on the opposite side of people and oppose it?

(3) Some imperative sentences expressing euphemistic mood can also end with question marks. For example:

Would you please move the stool a little?

Can you come here for a second?

(4) In some questions, the subject and predicate are inverted, so we should pay attention to putting the question mark at the end of the sentence. For example:

What's the matter with you?

Although some sentences contain interrogative words (who, what, how, etc. ), they are not really asking questions, but expressing a declarative tone, so a period should be applied. For example:

I don't know who he will meet at the station.

I'm fine, but I don't know what people think.

(3) exclamation point (! )

An exclamation point indicates a strong emotional pause at the end of a sentence.

(1) said pause at the end of the exclamatory sentence. For example:

Once you take root, you are not afraid of being trampled, but you get up again and again and bloom dandelion!

Sing and welcome the return of Hong Kong!

(2) The tone is very heavy, and exclamations are also used in imperative sentences. For example:

Sister Xianglin, forget it!

(3) The strong rhetorical question is followed by an exclamation point. For example:

There is nothing in the world that does not contain contradictions!

The exclamation point can be used for words with heavy tone, non-subject-predicate sentences and exclamation points with strong feelings. For example:

Long distance love!

Airplane!

Ouch! You're going the wrong way.

⑤ After address terms, response terms, onomatopoeia words, and at the end of slogans, if you have strong feelings, also use exclamation marks.

2. Points in sentences

Including commas, semicolons, pauses and colons, indicating pauses and structural relationships in sentences.

(1) comma (,)

Indicates a pause in the middle of a sentence.

In complex sentences, commas are often used within clauses or between clauses. For example:

The so-called memories can make people happy, but sometimes they can't help being lonely. What's the point of letting the spiritual line still hold the lonely time that has passed? But I can't forget it all. I can't forget this part at all, and it has become the source of screaming.

② When the subject of a sentence (compound words as the subject) is long, or the subject is short but needs to be emphasized, or there are modal particles behind the subject, a comma should be used after the subject. For example:

This huge blow and unspeakable grief almost knocked Wu Jichang down.

He is our head teacher, Miss Liu.

You, really disappointing.

(3) The sentence predicate is a subject-predicate phrase, and the subject sometimes pauses, so a comma is used. For example:

Lu Xun has long opposed this foreign stereotyped writing.

(4) When the sentence object is long, use a comma in front of it. For example:

I remember when she was a little girl who was not sensible.

⑤ Use commas at the beginning of the sentence and after the adverbial. For example:

In a blink of an eye, four piles of firewood on the top of the mountain are ready!

⑥ Used between inverted sentence components. For example:

Come out, you! (verb inversion)

Around the lotus pond, there are many trees and lush. (attributive postposition)

Our motherland is advancing at a high speed on the road to victory. (adverbial postposition)

⑦ Used between coordinate phrases. For example:

Tongmuling, Huang Yangjie, Zhushachong, Bamian Mountain and Shuangmashi are the five outposts of Jinggangshan.

Pencils, erasers, electronic calculators, compasses, and plastic triangular rulers of all sizes occupy half a table. (There is a big pause because some juxtaposed components are longer.)

Rice, wheat, cotton, chemical fertilizer, oil and coal are all materials purchased and sold by the state. (Because there are different levels between items, commas are used to distinguish different parallel levels, and pauses are used to indicate the juxtaposition of various components in the same level. )

⑧ Used after related words. For example:

He hasn't worked hard, but compared with before, he has made considerable progress.

Pet-name ruby some special components in the sentence, generally use commas to separate them from other components. For example:

Our monitor Lao Li went to Beijing to receive the prize yesterday. (appositive)

What kind of class, more precisely, what kind of class position, what kind of ideal. (parenthesis)

(2) semicolon.

① indicates the pause between coordinate clauses in a complex sentence. For example:

This style of work, if self-discipline, will harm yourself; If you teach others, you will harm others; If we use it to guide the revolution, it will endanger the revolution.

(2) Sometimes semicolons are used in multiple complex sentences with non-coordinate relations. For example:

Citizens aged 18 in China have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status and length of residence; Except those who are deprived of political rights according to law. (turning relationship)

If you change this sentence into a comma, it will be difficult to distinguish between the two meanings. If you change it to a full stop, it will cut off the meaning of coherence, so use a semicolon. For example:

Someone told me a long time ago, "sir, let's write a little;" Liu Hezhen loved reading her husband's articles before his death. " (Used in causal sentences to express two meanings)

Some points that should be paid attention to when using semicolons:

(1) single sentence parallelism, imposing manner, generally use commas, not semicolons. For example:

Treat comrades as warm as spring, work as hot as summer, individuals as autumn wind sweeps away leaves, and enemies as cruel as winter.

(2) coordinate relative sentences, short clauses with commas instead of semicolons. For example:

Modesty makes people progress, while pride makes people lag behind.

Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University, and Li Ping was admitted to technical secondary school.

(3) Pause (,)

Pause means the smallest pause in a sentence, which is often used between juxtaposed words or phrases, such as:

(The director) introduced Dong Kun's wild hides to us: foxes, boxes, Yao, dragonflies, wild cats ... there are many kinds.

If there are conjunctions such as "he", "he", "he", "or", there is no need to use pause. ("He" conjunctions are generally used between two-item coordinate words or between the last two items of multiple coordinate words. )

(2) If there are coordinate words in the coordinate words, use commas for large coordinate words and pause between small coordinate words. For example:

The explosion of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, and the launch and recovery of satellites mark that the development of science and technology in China has reached a new level.

(3) coordinate as predicate and complement, and use commas instead of pause between coordinate words. For example:

You should strive for perfection, literacy and production.

The story is true and touching.

(4) Some coordinate words don't pause or pause slightly, so there should be no ambiguity. At this time, there is no need to add a pause. For example:

It doesn't matter

(4) Colon (:)

(1) is used after the address at the beginning of letters and speeches to attract the attention of others; Used after "so-and-so", it means that the following words are quoted.

(2) Used after a general statement, indicating that the words before the colon should be listed item by item or caused later. For example:

Spinning has several postures: you can sit on a futon, sit on a low stool, or stand on a spinning wheel with a high cushion.

(3) Used at the end of the prompt to indicate that you have something to say, think about or analyze. For example:

I thought: Hope is nothing, nothing.

(4) before explaining explanatory words. For example:

..... Marx discovered the development law of human history, which is a simple fact that has been concealed by complex ideology: people must first eat, drink, live and wear, and then ...

⑤ Used in front of general phrases to sum up the above. For example:

Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University and studied in the Department of Chemistry. Li Chong entered a secondary technical school, majoring in mechanical manufacturing; I work as a shop assistant in a department store: we all have a bright future. (The colon is used before the general discourse)