① Seek several representative pictures and meanings of drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ② Seek cartoons and meanings of various public service advertisements for drunk driv

① Seek several representative pictures and meanings of drought in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River ② Seek cartoons and meanings of various public service advertisements for drunk driving. QS is English "Quality and safety" (quality? The English abbreviation "Safety" is an integral part of the symbol of industrial product production license, and it is also a kind of quality indicated by enterprises that have obtained industrial product production license in product appearance? Products with food quality and safety signs

[1] The external manifestation of safety. According to Article 86 of the Measures for the Implementation of the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Administration of Industrial Product Production License: "The mark of industrial product production license shall be written in English (Quality? Safe)? The prefix (QS) and the Chinese word "quality and safety". The main color of the logo is blue, the letters' Q' and' Quality and Safety' are blue, and the letter' S' is white. " 、、

Origin of plastic limit

The state implements the "Plastic Restriction Order" with the purpose of limiting and reducing the use of plastic bags and curbing "white pollution".

Plastic shopping bags are consumables in daily life, and China consumes a lot of plastic shopping bags every year. Plastic shopping bags not only provide convenience for consumers, but also cause serious waste of energy resources and environmental pollution due to excessive use and insufficient recycling. In particular, ultra-thin plastic shopping bags are easily damaged and most of them are discarded at will, which has become the main source of "white pollution". At present, more and more countries and regions restrict the production, sale and use of plastic shopping bags. In order to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, take effective measures from the source to urge enterprises to produce durable and recyclable plastic shopping bags, guide and encourage people to use plastic shopping bags reasonably, promote comprehensive utilization of resources, protect the ecological environment, and further promote energy conservation and emission reduction, China issued a notice restricting the use of plastic bags in 2008, which was called "plastic restriction order" by the masses.

On June 365438+February 3, 2007, the relevant state departments officially issued a notice prohibiting the production, sale and use of plastic shopping bags with a thickness less than 0.025mm nationwide from June/Kloc-0, 2008. According to the specific index requirements of 0.025mm, experts said that at present, the thickness of more than 80% plastic shopping bags on the market can not meet the requirements. The thickness of plastic shopping bags provided by general farmers' markets is about 0.005mm, and that provided by large supermarkets and shopping malls is generally between 0.015 mm-0.020 mm. ..

On February 5, 2008, the National Standards Committee released the first draft of the national standard for plastic shopping bags and began to solicit opinions from the society. The deadline is March 4th. The national standard for plastic shopping bags is jointly completed by the National Standards Committee and China Light Industry Federation. It is stipulated that the thickness of plastic shopping bags must be ≥0.025 mm, and in terms of color, plastic shopping bags that come into direct contact with food should be true colors. No defects such as appearance, bubbles and perforation are allowed. In terms of food safety, plastic shopping bags that come into direct contact with food must be marked with the words "for food use". In terms of safety, plastic bags must have safety instructions and warnings, such as "to avoid and prevent dangers such as suffocation, please stay away from babies and young children". In terms of environmental protection, plastic bags must be marked with the words "Please use them many times in order to protect the environment and save resources". At the same time, the plastic bag should be clearly marked with the name of the manufacturer and the nominal load in kilograms.

Content of plastic limit order

1. It is forbidden to produce, sell or use ultra-thin plastic shopping bags.

From June 1 2008, the production, sale and use of plastic shopping bags with a thickness less than 0.025mm (hereinafter referred to as ultra-thin plastic shopping bags) are prohibited nationwide. The Development and Reform Commission should promptly revise the guidance catalogue for industrial restructuring and include ultra-thin plastic shopping bags in the catalogue of obsolete products. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine should speed up the revision of the national standards for plastic shopping bags, formulate eye-catching product labels for qualified plastic shopping bags, study and popularize quick and simple detection methods for plastic shopping bags, and urge enterprises to organize production in strict accordance with national standards to ensure the quality of plastic shopping bags.

Two, the implementation of plastic shopping bags paid use system.

Supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars and other retail places are the places where plastic shopping bags are most concentrated, and most of them are provided free of charge at present. In order to guide people to use plastic shopping bags reasonably and economically, since June, 2008, all supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars and other retail places have implemented the system of paid use of plastic shopping bags, and plastic shopping bags are not allowed to be provided free of charge. Retail places must clearly mark plastic shopping bags, charge the price of plastic shopping bags in addition to the price of goods, and may not provide or merge the price of plastic shopping bags implied in the total price of goods free of charge. The Ministry of Commerce shall, jointly with the Development and Reform Commission, formulate specific management measures for the paid use of plastic shopping bags in commodity retail places, and conscientiously implement them, so as to gradually form a market environment for the paid use of plastic shopping bags.

Three, strengthen the supervision and inspection of limited production and sales of plastic shopping bags.

Quality inspection departments should establish a product quality supervision mechanism for plastic shopping bag manufacturers. For those who continue to illegally produce ultra-thin plastic shopping bags, or fail to affix (print) the product identification of qualified plastic shopping bags as required, and have other illegal acts, they shall be ordered to stop production according to the People's Republic of China (PRC) Product Quality Law and other laws and regulations, confiscate the illegally produced products, confiscate the illegal income and impose a fine. It is necessary to improve quality supervision measures, strengthen law enforcement, and strictly implement the systems of exposure, recall, rectification and punishment.

The industrial and commercial departments should strengthen the supervision and inspection of the sale and use of plastic shopping bags in supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars and other retail places, and investigate and deal with the illegal sale and use of ultra-thin plastic shopping bags according to the People's Republic of China (PRC) Product Quality Law and other laws and regulations. Commercial retail establishments should strengthen the management of the sales and use of plastic shopping bags in the market, and urge merchants to sell and use qualified plastic shopping bags. Plastic shopping bag sales enterprises shall establish a purchase and sale ledger system to prevent unqualified plastic shopping bags from entering the market.

Passenger trains, passenger ships, buses, planes, stations, airports and tourist attractions are not allowed to provide ultra-thin plastic shopping bags (packaging bags) to passengers and tourists, and the competent departments of railways, transportation, civil aviation and tourism should earnestly perform their duties of supervision and inspection.

Fourth, improve the recycling level of waste plastics.

The sanitation department should speed up the classified collection and treatment of domestic garbage, and effectively reduce the amount of waste plastics mixed with garbage incineration or landfill. The competent department of waste material recycling should strengthen the management of waste plastic recycling, guide and support material recycling enterprises to establish and improve recycling outlets, make full use of price levers and provide quality services to promote the recycling of waste plastics, vigorously promote large-scale sorting and grading utilization, and give full play to the efficiency of plastic resources.

The environmental protection department should strengthen the environmental supervision of plastic recycling process, formulate environmental access conditions, pollution control standards and technical specifications and supervise their implementation, and establish an environmental management system for the whole process of waste plastics from recycling, transportation, storage to reuse.

Science and technology departments should increase their support for the research and development of waste plastics treatment and disposal technology, develop and popularize technologies and products that improve the added value of waste plastics utilization, and improve the level of waste plastics resource utilization.

The financial and tax departments should study and formulate tax policies to curb waste plastic pollution as soon as possible, use tax levers to regulate the production, sale and use of plastic shopping bags, and support and encourage the development of waste plastic comprehensive utilization industry.

Five, vigorously create a good atmosphere to limit the production and sale of plastic shopping bags.

In combination with activities such as Environment Day and Energy Conservation Publicity Week, we will make full use of various media such as radio and television, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet, and adopt an easy-to-understand way to focus on choosing places such as communities, villages, schools, supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars, stations, airports, tourist attractions, etc., to widely publicize the harm of "white pollution" and the significance of restricting the production and sales of plastic shopping bags, so as to improve the general public and production.

Advocate carrying cloth bags, revisiting shopping baskets, reusing durable shopping bags, reducing the use of plastic bags, guiding enterprises to simplify commodity packaging, actively selecting green packaging bags, encouraging enterprises and social forces to provide reusable shopping bags such as cloth bags for the masses free of charge, and creating a good atmosphere for controlling the use of plastic shopping bags.

Six, strengthen the responsibility of the local people's government and the relevant departments of the State Council.

Local people's governments at all levels are responsible for restricting the production, sale and use of plastic shopping bags in their own areas. We should attach great importance to it, strengthen leadership, make careful arrangements, carefully organize various functional departments to formulate specific measures, and do a good job in implementation. The departments of development and reform, commerce, quality inspection, industry and commerce should perform their respective duties, work together and cooperate closely to ensure that all measures to restrict production, sales and use are put in place. It is necessary to strengthen administrative supervision and law enforcement supervision and inspection, conscientiously implement the law enforcement responsibility system, and strengthen the responsibilities of local people's governments at all levels and relevant departments in the State Council. In case of administrative omission and ineffective law enforcement, the main responsible persons of relevant competent departments and law enforcement agencies and relevant responsible persons shall be investigated in accordance with the Administrative Licensing Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Administrative Punishment Law of the People's Republic of China.

Enforcement of plastic limit order

June 1 day, 2008 is the first day of the implementation of the "Plastic Restriction Order". From that day on, all supermarkets, shopping malls, bazaars and other retail places are not allowed to provide plastic shopping bags free of charge, nor are they allowed to sell plastic shopping bags that do not meet national standards. All major supermarkets, shopping malls and markets in Beijing have put up public signs for charging plastic shopping bags. The lowest price is 0. 1 yuan, and the highest price is 1.5 yuan.

Some large supermarkets in China began to gradually implement environmental protection cloth bags a few months ago. At Wuyang New Town Store in CR Vanguard, Guangzhou, since the Mid-Autumn Festival last year, a series of environmental promotion activities have been planned, such as buying goods at a certain price and giving away exquisite environmental protection cloth bags. However, some small commodity shops and vegetable markets may become "blind areas" of "plastic restrictions".

In order to cooperate with the "plastic limit order", the industrial and commercial and price departments in most areas have indicated that they should thoroughly clean up the unqualified plastic bag producers and operators, but they have not asked for unified pricing, and merchants will set their own prices according to their own costs. Accordingly, some experts believe that in the past, the cost of using plastic bags by consumers was actually included in commodities. The arrival of the "plastic restriction order" prompted merchants to restore the original commodity prices, so that the price of plastic bags previously hidden in commodities surfaced, but it changed from "dark charges" to "clear charges".

It is true that the effect of the "plastic restriction order" needs a process, and there are also many difficulties in law enforcement. However, in order to truly implement the "plastic restriction order", the relevant government departments must take rigid regulatory measures. First, we must strictly control the material of shopping bags, and we must use environmentally friendly and recyclable materials; Second, in areas where environmental protection materials cannot be completely replaced due to realistic conditions, under the premise of minimizing the use of plastic bags, strict pricing standards, regular or irregular spot checks of various operating institutions, and improvement of relevant reward and punishment mechanisms should not make the "plastic limit order" a dead letter.

Influence of plastic restriction order

Manufacturers: survival of the fittest shuffling speed up

Some packaging companies used to produce both ultra-thin plastic bags and thick plastic bags. After the new technology independently developed by some enterprises is put into production, the thickness of the new plastic bag meets the standard, which is not only more environmentally friendly, but also greatly saves costs. Faced with plastic limitations, such enterprises abandoned their previous production lines and devoted themselves to the production of new products.

Of course, not many companies can turn around calmly. For example, the survey results of Shanghai plastic packaging industry show that the annual output of plastic vest bags in Shanghai is about 50,000 tons, which is distributed among more than 500 plastic enterprises, among which only 10 has passed the QS certification for the production of food-grade plastic bags, and there are less than 10 large plastic bag manufacturers. Many small factories use recycled materials for production, and the production environment is harsh. Some workshops are linked to waste recycling stations, which can be processed by two or three blow molding machines, with a monthly production and sales volume of about 30 tons.

Plastic bags are also the lowest level of plastic products, and the industry profit rate is less than 5%, which is far lower than other industrial packaging products. Ordinary family workshops produce ultra-thin plastic bags, and each ton of raw materials can produce 6.5438+0 million plastic bags, and the wholesale profit is only about 0.003 yuan per bag.

Some experts believe that once the plastic limit order comes out, low-priced and inferior ultra-thin plastic bags will lose the market, and many small enterprises and workshops in the industry will face reshuffle. Large plastic packaging enterprises have few ultra-thin plastic bags and are easy to transform, so most of them say that they are not affected much. With the introduction of the new regulations, the sales of degradable plastic bags, environmentally-friendly thick plastic bags, non-woven bags and other products in the market have become better, which has stimulated enterprises to adjust product structure and accelerate technology research and development, and the overall profit rate of the plastic industry will also be significantly improved.

However, some large enterprises are worried about how the market behavior will change after the implementation of the policy. At first, the policy will have a strong impact on the market, but will it be used in a few months? Can the policy effect last? For example, the new standard stipulates that plastic shopping bags can be reused for more than 7 times, but the strength is difficult to detect. Plastic bags with up-to-standard thickness may use a lot of recycled materials and fillers, but their strength is not enough and they are easily damaged.

Merchant: We need to find countermeasures to slow down the cashier.

From free to charge, plastic bags, as the main use place of plastic bags-supermarkets, have quietly followed up in service.

The cashier process has quietly changed. With the implementation of the "plastic limit order", there will be one more procedure in the cashier channel of supermarkets than in the past-asking customers if they plan to spend money on plastic vest bags, which will inevitably affect the cashier speed. So how to solve the hypermarket? It is understood that Wal-Mart opened the "fast track without plastic bags" as early as March this year. Customers who bring their own shopping bags can check out quickly in this channel, and customers who need to buy plastic bags can check out at other checkout counters to speed up circulation after diverting customers.

The first day of the implementation of the plastic limit order coincides with Children's Day, which will be the peak of sales. Some merchants will also equip some cashiers with two staff members, one is responsible for bar codes and collecting money, and the other is to help customers put things into shopping bags.

At the same time, supermarkets advise consumers to open their shopping bags in advance when checking out, so as to speed up the cashier.

Provide shopping basket rental service. In order to carry out environmental protection to the end, some supermarkets have also launched a "rental shopping basket" service. According to the person in charge of Wal-Mart Shanghai, if customers forget to bring their bags when shopping in the supermarket and don't plan to spend money on plastic bags, the supermarket can provide shopping basket rental service. Consumers can rent a plastic mesh shopping basket with a certain deposit, which is about 40 cm deep. If the shopping basket is returned within one week, they can get back the deposit with the rental receipt. At present, relevant rules such as rental price are being worked out and are expected to be announced in mid-June.

Citizen: What if there is less bagged garbage?

Zhang Xiaozhen, who lives in Pudong New Area, can't live without all kinds of plastic bags all day-buying breakfast for her family in the morning, going to the market to buy food in the afternoon and going to the supermarket to buy daily necessities in the evening. She told reporters that it is everyone's responsibility to protect the environment, and she also supports the "plastic limit order", but plastic bags are no longer free. You can use cloth bags to buy things and carry food baskets. What puzzles her most is: how to change the habit of packing garbage in plastic bags that has been developed for many years?

In the interview, the reporter found that there are not a few citizens who have the same troubles as Aunt Zhang. At present, plastic bags containing garbage in most citizens' homes are given away free of charge when shopping in supermarkets and food markets. When they go home, they put a set on the trash can, and when the garbage is full, they pack it and throw it away. After the implementation of the "plastic limit order", what kind of goods to use instead of plastic bags to pack garbage has become one of the issues that everyone cares about. Most young people tend to buy special environmental protection garbage bags in supermarkets. The reporter saw in the Carrefour supermarket in Jinqiao that these environmentally-friendly garbage bags are rich in varieties and specifications, and the price per 100 bags ranges from 4 yuan to 10 yuan.

Not many middle-aged and elderly people are going to buy garbage bags. They took precautions and were busy "hoarding" all kinds of plastic bags as early as the introduction of the "plastic limit order". It is understood that many residents in this city are collecting plastic bags for use after June, and some even started in April, and nearly 200 have been "saved" so far. An old man in his sixties expressed their feelings: What should we do with the miscellaneous household garbage, leftovers, egg shells and vegetable skins that don't need plastic bags? They are used to living with their bags, but when they leave, they are somewhat uncomfortable.

As a garbage collection, storage and transportation unit, Shanghai's sanitation department also has hidden concerns. A sanitation worker told reporters that in order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by garbage exposure, it took Shanghai 10 years for citizens to gradually develop garbage bagging. Now a paper "plastic limit order" reduces the production of plastic bags, which may lead to the resurgence of exposed garbage and increase the trouble of sanitation operations.

Why to implement the "plastic restriction order", its core content, scope of application and how to implement it have become hot topics for discussion among the general public. ?

To this end, the reporter interviewed the relevant person in charge of the Municipal Commission of Commerce. ?

Q: Why should the system of paid use of plastic shopping bags be implemented? ?

A: The paid use of plastic shopping bags is one of the means to improve the environmental awareness of the general public. Its purpose is to cultivate the general public to establish the concept of "reducing or not using plastic shopping bags", guide and encourage the general public to change their shopping habits and use plastic shopping bags reasonably, so as to reduce the total use of plastic shopping bags, curb "white pollution", promote the comprehensive utilization of resources and protect the ecological environment. ?

Q: What is the core content of the plastic restriction order? ?

A: The Plastic Restraint Order has two core contents. First, it is stipulated that retail places shall not sell or use plastic shopping bags that do not meet the relevant national standards; Second, it is stipulated that retail establishments should provide consumers with plastic shopping bags for compensation in accordance with these measures. ?

Q: What scope does the plastic restraining order mainly apply to? ?

A: The "Plastic Restriction Order" stipulates that the paid use of plastic shopping bags is limited to supermarkets, shopping malls and bazaars. The supermarkets and shopping malls referred to in the plastic restriction order include convenience stores, discount stores, supermarkets, large supermarkets, warehouse member stores, department stores, specialty stores, home building materials stores, shopping centers, etc. , can basically cover all retail links. ?

Q: Is the plastic shopping bag mentioned in the "Plastic Restriction Order" a plastic bag that we often see and use in shopping malls and supermarkets on weekdays? ?

A: The "Plastic Restriction Order" clearly stipulates that plastic shopping bags refer to plastic bags provided by retail outlets for holding the goods purchased by consumers and carrying them. However, the plastic shopping bags mentioned here do not include plastic pre-packaged bags used for bulk fresh food, cooked food, pasta and other commodities in retail places for health and food safety purposes. This is consistent with the provisions of the Standard for Plastic Shopping Bags issued by the National Standardization Committee in April this year 16. ?

Q: The "Plastic Restriction Order" does not stipulate the price of plastic shopping bags, but how to define the illegal acts of some retail enterprises, such as underpricing, selling plastic shopping bags without clear price tag or providing plastic shopping bags for free in disguise? ?

A: The "Plastic Restriction Order" stipulates that retail outlets can independently set the price of plastic shopping bags, but they may not carry out the following acts:

One is to sell plastic shopping bags below the operating cost; ?

Second, the sale of plastic shopping bags does not indicate the price or does not indicate the price according to the prescribed content; ?

Third, the price is not clearly marked, and plastic shopping bags are sold to consumers by discount or other means; ?

The fourth is to provide consumers with plastic shopping bags for free or in disguise. ?

In other words, the pricing of plastic shopping bags shall not be lower than the operating cost; Retail places must clearly price plastic shopping bags in accordance with regulations; It is necessary to charge consumers in full according to the clearly marked price, and separately list the quantity, unit price and payment method of plastic shopping bags purchased by consumers on the sales voucher; It is illegal to sell at a discount, offer it for free or trade in the old for the new, and give it away for free when shopping exceeds a certain amount.

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Xinhuanet Tianjin Channel May 27th? June 1 is coming, and what tools to take to go shopping has become a problem that people have to face. It is indeed the easiest to buy a reusable shopping bag, but the price and quality of this kind of shopping bag make many people reluctant to pay for it. In fact, reusable shopping bags are just a concept, and there is no uniform color or even style. Non-woven fabrics are just one of the reusable materials. ?

When people have a headache in choosing shopping bags, merchants who once provided free plastic bags also took different ways to deal with them. Large supermarkets are preparing step by step. Starting from June 1, customers will definitely have to pay extra for plastic bags. But for some small businesses, it will take some time to provide free plastic bags.

At the supermarket counter, you can always see a mountain of plastic shopping bags around the checkout counter, but from June 1, the number of plastic bags around will be greatly reduced. Plastic bags will no longer be free gifts, but will become clearly priced goods. In response to the "plastic ban", major supermarket chains have prepared a considerable number of reusable shopping bags. ?

Carrefour?

Similar to CR Vanguard supermarket, Carrefour supermarket is now "living on its laurels", and by the end of this month, the plastic bags in the supermarket inventory will also be used up. The reporter visited five supermarket chains and found that each chain store is providing customers with reusable shopping bags in the form of redemption and gift. According to the population in charge of the supermarket, the supermarket will also charge for plastic bags from June 1 day. The price of small shopping bags is 0.2 yuan/a, medium shopping bags are 0.3 yuan/a, and large shopping bags are 0.4 yuan/a. ?

E-mart?

In the supermarket, the advertisement about the "plastic ban order" was set in a conspicuous position. Many customers have started to buy or exchange reusable shopping bags when shopping. According to the person in charge of the company's population, on the day of the implementation of the "plastic ban", the plastic bags in supermarkets will be clearly marked, with the price of large plastic bags being 0.3 yuan/piece and the price of small plastic bags being 0.2 yuan/piece. ?

Tianjin workers?

Gong Jin Supermarket has the largest number of chain stores in Tianjin, with about 300 stores all over Tianjin. Similarly, from June 1 day, plastic bags will no longer be free gifts, but will be charged according to different sizes. In addition, supermarkets will provide reusable shopping bags to customers who spend a certain amount of money for free. The reporter visited the communities around several chain stores and learned that many residents who often go shopping in Gong Jin supermarkets have learned about the "plastic ban" through supermarket publicity, and some residents even brought reusable packaging bags and food baskets.

Wholesale is busy "changing ideas"? Are you waiting to "sit tight"?

Big hutong?

The reporter saw in the Hutong wholesale market that in order to "not make trouble for themselves", some vendors specializing in wholesale plastic bags began to "change their minds". The ultra-thin plastic bags of various colors that were originally placed in front of the booth disappeared and were replaced by degradable thick plastic bags.

The reporter saw in front of the two booths that although one of them still has some ultra-thin plastic bags of various colors, it is much less than before. "Although I haven't heard the news yet, I dare not buy more." The stall owner said that although the income from wholesale plastic bags was not bad in the past, there are regulations in the country now that they can only change their minds and will not "commit crimes against the wind". ?

Compared with this wholesaler, which still has a small number of ultra-thin plastic bags, another wholesaler specializing in the wholesale of reusable shopping bags seems to "ban plastics" more thoroughly. "The price is indeed more expensive than before, but this one is obviously much thicker than the previous models and it is also strong to use." For some people who want to wholesale plastic bags, the female stall owner is busy explaining. In her view, she is also promoting environmental protection in disguise, so that everyone can accept environmentally friendly plastic bags more. ?

Farmers' market?

Compared with the attention of plastic bag wholesalers to the "plastic ban order", what reporters saw in various farmers' markets was quite different, and hawkers did not pay attention to the statement that "the plastic ban order will be implemented in another week". Obviously, the farmer's market has become a "plastic-free" blind spot. ?

Yesterday afternoon, the reporter saw in a large farmer's market in Hongqiao District that because it was the peak period of buying vegetables, the vendors were all busy, and the plastic bags hanging in front of the booth were also given to customers free of charge. "I heard about the ban on the use of plastic bags, but now there are no regulations on the market telling us what to do." A middle-aged man selling vegetables said that when people came to buy vegetables, he had to tell them that they had to pay for plastic bags. If there are no hard and fast rules in the market, he really doesn't know how to speak. ?

Subsequently, the reporter visited a number of farmers' markets in Hexi District and Nankai District, and found that small vendors did not take the upcoming "plastic ban order" seriously.