Information about Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 65438+February, 2082716-65438+March 26th), born in Bonn, Germany, is one of the representatives of Vienna classical music school and a composer in the European classicism period.

Beethoven spent his childhood under his father's strict education, which made him stubborn, sensitive and excited. At the age of 22, he began to live in Vienna. The third symphony was composed between 1803 and 1804, which marked the maturity of his creation.

In the following 20 years, a large number of his music works pushed classical music to the peak through strong artistic appeal and great verve, and predicted the arrival of romantic music in the19th century. 1827 On March 26th, Beethoven died in Vienna at the age of 57.

Beethoven wrote a wide range of themes in his life, including 9 symphonies,/kloc-0 operas, 32 piano sonatas, 5 piano concertos, many orchestral overtures, violin and cello sonatas. Because of its great contribution to classical music and the development and innovation of sonata form and symphony suite structure, it is called "the saint of music" and "the king of symphony" by later generations.

Extended data

family background

Family background His father, John Van Beethoven, was a tenor and a piano and singing teacher in the court of the Elector of Cologne. His drinking influenced his family life.

His mother Maria Magdalena lived only 4 1 year.

Beethoven was the second child in his family (the first child died young in just six days). His mother Magdalena gave birth to five children in succession, but only two boys, Caspar Anton Carr and Nicholas John, grew up, and they played an important role in Beethoven's music life.

Love Life Beethoven never found a lifelong partner and never got married, but his emotional experience was quite rich.

1800, Beethoven fell in love with 16-year-old noble lady Qili Aitai.

Because of their different backgrounds, they finally separated, which made Beethoven, who was deeply troubled by ear diseases at that time, almost commit suicide for her and wrote the Moonlight Sonata in C minor for her.

From 65438 to 0804, Beethoven and the widow Josephine developed feelings, but they finally missed each other because of their different status.

Early experience

Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn.

Around 1775, Beethoven was forced by his father to learn piano and violin at the age of 4, and his father foolishly tried to cultivate him into a Mozart-style prodigy by coercive means.

From 65438 to 0778, the 8-year-old Beethoven studied the basic theory of music and organ from H Eden, an old court organist, and made his debut on August 26th of the same year.

178 1 year, Beethoven dropped out of school at the age of 1 1 year and became a young musician in the Bonn Theatre Band. He had the opportunity to learn from Christian Gottlob Neve, the court organist, conductor and composer of The Emperor's Election. Jennifer was a participant in the Enlightenment and had a great influence on Beethoven's life.

1783, 13-year-old Beethoven was a clavichord solo and accompaniment of the court band, but he was not paid; In the same year, based on dressler's March, it was adapted into Variations on the Piano (woO63), which was his first work officially published by German music publisher J M Gotz.

From 1785 to 1786, Beethoven turned to Franz Anton Rees to study the violin and completed three piano sonatas (woO36).

1In the spring of 787, Beethoven visited Vienna for the first time and met Mozart at the age of 3 1. Mozart appreciated his playing skills. In the same year, I met Count Wahlstam, who was nine years older than myself. He is an important supporter of Beethoven in artistic career and economy.

1790, composer Haydn went to London via Bonn, and Beethoven met Haydn. In the same year, he was entrusted to complete two oratorios: one was a oratorio mourning the death of Joseph II (woO87), which was Beethoven's first work with political significance; And Leopold II Ascension Oratorio (woO88).

1792165438+1October, Beethoven, 22, left his hometown with the encouragement and support of Haydn and others, and began to learn composition from Haydn and settled in Vienna.

Early Vienna

From 65438 to 0793, Beethoven studied counterpoint and music theory from Mozart's best friend, composer and teacher J B Schenk.

1794, he began to learn counterpoint from Al blaise Berg of St. Stephen's Cathedral, and learned composition from antonio salieri, the director of court music, for free; Because Haydn was busy preparing for his second performance in England, teachers and students had different personalities and different musical ideas, Beethoven's study of Haydn finally stopped at 1794.

In August 1796, Beethoven's three piano sonatas (Op.2) dedicated to Haydn were published in Vienna Magazine. Deafness began to appear in the same year.

From 1796 to1797, Piano Concerto No.1 in C Major (Op. 15) was composed and premiered in Prague, Czech Republic in 1798.

1799, Hofminster published Beethoven's Piano Sonata No.8 in C minor (Pathetique) (Op. 13) at the end of the year.

1800 In April, Symphony No.1 (Op.2 1) and Septet in E-flat major (Op.20) premiered at the concert at the Royal Palace in Vienna.

In A.D. 180 1, he composed the 14th Piano Sonata (Moonlight) in C sharp minor (Op. 27 bis) and dedicated it to Countess Julia Guimil. In the same year, he also completed String Quintet (Op.29) and String Quartet (Op.0/8).

During the summer vacation in Heiligenstadt from 65438 to 0802, Beethoven couldn't hear the sound at all, and wrote the famous Heiligenstadt Testament to his younger brother at the beginning of the same year 10. After fierce ideological struggle, he finished the second symphony and returned to Vienna.

1803 mature stage, the drama "Christ on Mount of Olives" and "Rudolf Rodolphe Kreutzer's violin sonata in A major" premiered; The third piano concerto was completed in the same year.

1In April, 805, the Third (Hero) Symphony premiered, and Beethoven conducted it himself, which was an important symbol that Beethoven entered the mature stage of creation. In the same year,165438+1October 20th, the opera Federio premiered at the Royal Theatre in Vienna.

1806 completed Razmovski string quartet, piano concerto No.4, symphony No.4 and violin concerto.

Symphony No.6 (Pastoral) premiered at Vienna Theatre.

From 65438 to 0809, the Corioland Overture of the fifth symphony Destiny and Mass in C major came out one after another.

181011The fifth piano concerto premiered in Leipzig and achieved great success. At the same time, Beethoven also alienated many relatives and friends because of deafness.

18 12 the seventh symphony and the eighth symphony were completed; The following summer, he wrote the War Symphony.

Late creation

1865438+In February and March 2004, the Seventh Symphony and the Symphony of War were staged again, which became a fanatical event in Vienna.

From 1824 to 1825, the ninth symphony and its chorus were performed for the first time; 1March, 825, the creation of Solemn Mass was completed.

1826, the string quartet in B flat major was completed and performed, and the final version of the opera Federio was released.

In 1827, London Philharmonic Orchestra gave Beethoven 100 and invited him to compose the 10th symphony for the orchestra. On March 26th of the same year, Beethoven died at the age of 57.