Hallucinogenic mushrooms are green. Why do you see lilliput after eating them?

In summer, the weather changes greatly, from heavy rain to sunny weather.

A shower of sun and rain is Mushroom's favorite fine weather.

The wild mushrooms in the mountains waited for a year, and finally began to emerge from the fallen leaves in groups in the summer when the humidity changed the most.

Mushrooms are fungi, and wild mushrooms are called wild mushrooms in Yunnan. Wild mushrooms with unique taste and variety can only be eaten in Yunnan in summer. At this time, it is also the busiest season in the emergency department of Yunnan Hospital, because: "Everyone in Yunnan has a friend who has been poisoned by bacteria and seen little people flying all over the sky."

The poisoned patient in the infusion room, someone looked up at the window, and rows of palm-sized little people were climbing into the room from the window. Someone stared down at the arm, and several little people with high thumbs rolled around with the hair on their arms.

The little people you see have different colors, but they are all lively and active without exception. The villain in the illusion is properly combined with the real scene. Your thinking is still coherent, your speech is fluent, and your walking activities are fine, but you can't tell whether what you see is true or false.

The wild fungus that gives you hallucinations is called "Seeing Hands", which is one of the delicious boletus.

Yunnan wild mushrooms

Wild mushrooms are not easy-going mushrooms that can be settled anywhere. They are very picky and grow in places with plenty of heat but poor light. The hyphae of wild fungi will germinate only when there is obvious alternation of dry and wet in the air. The flowers of wild mushrooms can only mature in an environment with large temperature difference between day and night and stable precipitation.

The hot and humid place is in the south, and the temperature cannot be high. The only place with significant difference between dry and wet is the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau at high altitude, and the central part of Yunnan is the favorite home of wild mushrooms.

Wild mushrooms known as delicacies grow in rural and mountainous areas. Their mycorrhiza is combined with the roots of pines, oaks and other trees and grows with the trees. Without trees, wild mushrooms can't live independently. If you want to try artificial planting, you must first plant a forest, then bury the mycelium under the roots, and then wait for God to adjust the appropriate temperature and humidity for you, and finally know whether the wild mushrooms will stir up.

The beauty of wild mushrooms lies not only in their rarity, but also in their unusual taste. Compared with artificial bacteria, wild bacteria are rich in meat flavor, aroma and taste.

Boletus is the most delicious wild mushroom in Yunnan. According to the color of mushrooms, boletus can be divided into four types: black, white, yellow and red. Boletus rubra also has a name called "Jianshouqing".

Red boletus, reddish-brown cap and stipe, bright yellow folds under the cap. It is called "hand-watching" because when you touch the folds of bacteria, pinch stalks or tear meat, the originally light-colored bacteria will change color and become blue.

When the red boletus was washed and sliced, all the slices turned blue after a few minutes, like moldy. Acidic substances in bacteria (such as variegatic acids and xerocomic acids) are oxidized by oxygen under the action of enzymes and become blue-green. The longer you are exposed to the air, the darker the color.

There is more than one kind of bacterial acid that turns blue in the air. In addition to red boletus, there are many other kinds of wild bacteria that will have the same blue reaction. It is not unusual for bacterial acid to turn blue. What is really unusual is the unique toxin in Boletus rubra, which can make people have "little illusion". This toxin is found in all edible foods, only Boletus yunnanensis, but not in other foods. [Know Daily-France is Bacon-Please don't reprint other platforms without authorization]

Red boletus toxin

There are far more poisonous mushrooms than edible mushrooms in the world, and mushroom poisoning is a very common case of food poisoning.

There are many kinds of wild mushrooms, and the size, size and color of the same variety of mushrooms are different. It is troublesome to distinguish poisonous mushrooms from edible mushrooms. Obviously, they are two identical mushrooms, but one is poisonous and the other is not. Inexperienced novices can't control mushroom classification at all. As a novice, the most appropriate way is not to eat mushrooms picked by yourself.

According to the poisoning mechanism, the toxicity of wild bacteria can be divided into five categories: gastroenteritis, neuropsychiatry, liver injury, hemolysis and photosensitive dermatitis. Poisonous bacteria usually contain a variety of toxins.

Boletus toxin belongs to neuropsychiatric category, which includes muscarine, toad venom, gymnosperm, isoxazole derivatives and so on. Boletus toxin is very similar to gymnosperms, and the mechanism of its influence on the brain is the same. When taken in small doses, it will produce hallucination effect, which belongs to hallucinogen toxin. The molecular structure of boletus toxin has not been decrypted so far. Next, I use the same type of gymnosperms as an example to see how the illusion scene of complete combination of reality and reality is produced.

Psilocybin, also known as tricholomotoxin, comes from Pleurotus ostreatus and is distributed in North America, South America, Europe and Asia. More than 200 kinds of mushrooms contain this toxin.

The above picture shows the molecular structure of gymnosperm essence, which is an organic compound of tryptamine. Tryptamine is widely found in animals, plants and mushrooms, and is a messenger that transmits signals between cells. The most famous chromamine substance in our body is serotonin, whose chemical name is serotonin.

The picture above shows the molecular structure of serotonin. Is it similar to gymnosperms? There are two connecting rings, one with six atoms and the other with five atoms. The unsolved boletus virus is similar in structure and has these two connecting rings.

Serotonin binds to more than 10 different neurotransmitter receptors, one of which is called 5-HT2A. When 5-HT2A meets gymnosperms that look very similar to serotonin, it feels very cordial and is willing to get close to gymnosperms. Therefore, the sperm protein of gymnosperm is linked to the 5-HT2A receptor like serotonin, and guides the work of the receptor.

5-HT2A acts on the central nervous system and the cerebral cortex, and is responsible for regulating our cognition, memory and attention. Gymnosperms bind to 5-HT2A and then enter the cerebral cortex. Now that they are all mixed into the home, Naked Mushroom has stopped treating itself as an outsider, and no matter whether there is a road or not, it is necessary to wander around. Whether the owner agrees or not, the wardrobe drawer mattress should be rummaged.

Naked mushrooms wander around, and every time they walk out of a road without a road, they open up a new connecting channel for the brain. Naked mushroom elements can be seen everywhere, and a scene fragment in the depths of brain memory can be turned out from the mind. As a result, the brain, under its agitation, established a new model different from usual.

The left side of the above picture shows the connection mode of the brain under normal conditions, and the right side shows the connection mode of gymnosperms stimulating the brain. This picture is from London, Imperial College London, London. The research team used magnetoencephalography to scan the brain in two States, the awake brain and the brain injected with sperm, and colored the connecting channels of the brain.

Naked mushrooms have opened thousands of new channels in the brain, connecting them to distant areas. In normal conscious thinking, we don't exchange information between these unrelated areas. However, gymnosperms must build a bridge between them and let them have "abnormal" communication.

Gymnosperms reconnect the brain, and when the memory area is directly connected to the visual processing area, you will have hallucinations. At this time, there are both real-world objects in front of your eyes and distorted memories projected in your brain, just like a virtual reality movie superimposed on real life. If the emotional areas are also connected at this time, you will not only have a strong vision, but also participate in the performance with excitement.

Gymnosperms connect the brain with more than just memory and vision channels. If your sensory areas are cross-connected, the color you see can become sound, or you will feel it when you hear the sound.

The principle of action of boleturin is the same as that of gymnosperms, which is to connect abnormal sensory channels in the brain. The difference is that it will strengthen the connection between the characters in the memory area, reduce the space size, and let you see the little people one by one.

Gymnosperms are mainly metabolized in the liver. After 24 hours, 65% of the metabolites were excreted in urine. When it slowly exits your body, the newly connected channels in your brain gradually close and your brain returns to normal mode.

Edible red boletus

Since red boletus is poisonous, it will bring us brain confusion, why eat it?

Because after continuous heating, red boletus will lose its activity and will not have a hallucinogenic effect on the body, so red boletus has always been listed as an edible wild fungus. If you see a little person, you can be sure that you have eaten uncooked boletus.

A strain of Boletus rubra contains more than 20% protein, various delicious amino acids and anticancer activity, and its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages.

Buy fresh red boletus, wash and slice, shred green pepper and mash garlic. Heat a pot of medium heat, put more oil in the pot, add green pepper and garlic after the pot is hot, add mushrooms and stir-fry until cooked, and add a little salt when it is almost out of the pot.

A plate of delicious red boletus is fried, and the mushroom slices are full of meat, crisp and tough, and delicious. Scoop two spoonfuls of rich and silky bacterial juice bibimbap, and one bite of rice is full of the unique good taste of summer.

References:

1: "bluing components and other pigments of boletus"

2 "Yunnan Wild Mushroom Poisoning Prevention Manual"

3. Homologous Scaffolding of Brain Functional Networks, Interface Journal of Royal Society, 20 14.

4. "Diagnosis and treatment of 65 cases of boletus poisoning"

5. "Analysis on the treatment of 86 cases of acute boletus poisoning"

The author has something to say: I will continue to update the series of articles of drug experts today. This is the third article: mushrooms in summer.