Contents of handwritten newspaper on prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis

We can find the answer from "what is tuberculosis", "what causes tuberculosis" and "what are the symptoms of tuberculosis". I can help you find the following information:

What is tuberculosis?

Typical pulmonary tuberculosis has a slow onset and a long course, with low fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, cough and a small amount of hemoptysis. However, most patients have mild lesions and often have no obvious symptoms, which can only be found through X-ray health examination. Some patients are found by sudden hemoptysis, but they can be traced back to mild poisoning symptoms in the course of the disease.

What causes tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can involve many organs of the whole body, but tuberculosis is the most common. Sterilized patients are the source of social infection. People infected with tuberculosis may not get sick, but only when their resistance is low.

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?

1, systemic symptoms: low fever in the afternoon, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, night sweats, etc. When lung lesions spread rapidly, high fever may occur, and women may have menstrual disorder or amenorrhea.

2, respiratory symptoms generally have a dry cough or only a small amount of mucus sputum. When accompanied by secondary infection, phlegm is mucinous or purulent. About13 patients have different degrees of hemoptysis.

3. When the inflammation spreads to parietal pleura, there is a tingling sensation in the corresponding chest wall, which is generally not serious and gets worse with breathing and coughing. Chronic severe pulmonary tuberculosis with impaired respiratory function may lead to progressive dyspnea and even cyanosis. Sudden dyspnea occurs when complicated with pneumothorax or massive pleural effusion.

What tests do tuberculosis need to do?

First, tuberculosis examination:

Finding tuberculosis in sputum is the main basis for diagnosing tuberculosis. Positive sputum bacteria indicates that the focus is open. When the amount of sputum bacteria is small, the bacteria collection method can be used. The culture method is more accurate, which can not only know whether the mycobacterium tuberculosis has the ability of growth and reproduction, but also be used for drug sensitivity test and bacterial type identification.

Second, the imaging examination:

Chest X-ray examination can not only find tuberculosis early, but also judge the location, scope, nature, development and treatment effect of the lesion, which is very helpful to decide the treatment plan. Chest CT examination is helpful to find small or hidden lesions, understand the scope and composition of lesions, and help to diagnose.

Three, tuberculin (tuberculin) test:

OT test: less than 5mm is negative, 5-9 mm is weakly positive, 10- 19 mm is positive, and those with blisters and necrosis above 20mm are strongly positive.

PPD test: used for clinical diagnosis, the average diameter of induration ≥5mm is a positive reaction.

Four, other inspection:

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate of active pulmonary tuberculosis can increase rapidly, but it has no specific value for diagnosis. Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate cannot rule out active pulmonary tuberculosis.

How to treat

First, anti-tuberculosis drug therapy (referred to as chemotherapy).

(a) the principle of chemotherapy. Rational chemotherapy refers to the principle of early, combined, appropriate, regular and full-course use of sensitive drugs for active pulmonary tuberculosis.

(2) Chemotherapy methods.

1. "Conventional" chemotherapy and short-term chemotherapy In the past, isoniazid, streptomycin and sodium p-aminobenzoate were routinely used to treat pulmonary tuberculosis 12- 18 months, which was used to be called "conventional therapy".

2. Intermittent medication and two-stage medication. After the start of chemotherapy 1-3 months, take the medicine daily, and then interrupt it three times a week, and increase the dose of isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol appropriately each time.

(3) The commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs are isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, sodium p-aminosalicylate, etc.

(4) Chemotherapy plan. According to the severity of the disease, the presence or absence of sputum bacteria and bacterial drug resistance, as well as economic conditions and drug supply, the chemotherapy scheme was selected.

Second, symptomatic treatment.

Third, surgical treatment: In recent years, surgery has been less used in the treatment of tuberculosis.

Fourth, BCG vaccination.

How to prevent tuberculosis

① Life is regular, that is, life style is rationalized and regularized, life is cautious, shelter from the wind and cold, quit smoking and drinking, have long-distance sex, and have a moderate rest.

2 balanced diet, rich nutrition, spicy.

③ Breathe fresh air frequently.

4 Stay optimistic, because bad emotions will affect the body's resistance.

⑤ Take part in sports regularly, exercise and enhance physical fitness.

⑥ Because the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the direct cause of this disease, we should try our best to reduce the contact with tuberculosis patients, especially active tuberculosis patients.