What are the extinct animals in China?

Baiji dolphin (distressed) Xinjiang tiger 1. China rhino, china rhino 1922 china rhino is widely distributed in the southern provinces of China, and they mainly live in mountainous areas near the forest edge. China rhino is generally 2. 1-2.8m long,1-1.5m high and weighs1ton. It has many unique features, such as an unusually clumsy body, short columnar limbs, a huge head, skin as thick as armor, single or double horns on the snout, and a pair of small eyes on both sides of the head. Although they are big and ugly, they are timid and harmless animals. However, when they are injured or in trouble, they are fierce and unusual. They often rush blindly at the enemy and stab each other with horns on their heads. Although they are huge, they can still walk or run at a fairly fast speed, reaching about 45 kilometers per hour in a short distance. There used to be three kinds of rhinoceros in China: the big one-horned rhinoceros (Indian rhinoceros), the small one-horned rhinoceros (Java rhinoceros) and the double-horned rhinoceros (Sumen rhinoceros). They should have lived in the south of China forever, but the precious rhinoceros horn on their heads became the main factor of their extinction. Selfish people regard rhinoceros horn as a precious medicinal material, and at the same time use it to make ivory and carve it into various exquisite handicrafts. People also cruelly used the skin and blood of rhinoceros as medicine, which was recorded in the Song Dynasty in China. It is important for the creator to give rhinoceros a good quality. Because rhinoceros is rare, it is more precious. Only those who have power and wealth can enjoy it. In the Qing Dynasty, in order to make rhinoceros horn private property, officials in southern provinces issued a notice prohibiting people from catching rhinoceros indiscriminately and only allowing official hunting. In this way, the rhinoceros was killed by the officers and men. They killed rhinos, sawed off their horns on the spot, and then paid tribute to their superiors and emperors, paving the way for promotion and wealth in the future. At that time, thousands of officers and men were dispatched at most, and dozens of rhinos could be caught at a time. At that time, in order to get rich, some folks also poached rhinos in large quantities. Such crazy hunting, by the beginning of the 20th century, there were few rhinos left in China. At this time, the rhinoceros horn was even more precious, but according to the official data at that time, from 1900 to 19 10, there were more than 300 rhinoceros horns handed over by the government and the people, not including those smuggled abroad! After that, rhinos are rarely caught! 19 16, the last two-horned rhinoceros was killed ... 1920, the last one-horned rhinoceros was killed ... 1922, the last one-horned rhinoceros was killed ... In the last ten years, * * * killed less than/kloc-. After 1922, no one has seen any kind of rhinoceros in China. Status quo: Indian rhinoceros The one-horned rhinoceros, also known as the big one-horned rhinoceros, has a nose horn and skin looks like armor. It is a big rhinoceros, second only to the white rhinoceros. Indian rhinoceros is now distributed in northern India and Nepal. Although the number is small, only one thousand, it is still the largest rhinoceros in Asia. The Javanese rhinoceros sondaicus, also known as the little one-horned rhinoceros, is similar in appearance to the Indian rhinoceros, but slightly smaller in size, and only males have horns. Java rhinoceros was originally distributed in a vast area of Southeast Asia, but now it only exists in the westernmost tip of Java Island and a forest in Vietnam. The total number is only a few dozen, which is one of the most precious animals in existence. Sumatran rhinoceros is the smallest and only hairy rhinoceros in existence. Like the Javanese rhinoceros, it was originally distributed in a vast area of Southeast Asia, but now it is scattered, but it is more widely distributed than the Javanese rhinoceros, with a slightly larger number and hundreds of rhinoceroses. 2. The Chinese Douc langur Hainan White-rumped langur 1893 is named after its male buttocks have triangular white buttock spots. Also known as yellow-faced langur, Hainan langur, it is only distributed in Hainan Island of China, and abroad in Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and other Southeast Asian countries. The langur is about 0.6 1 ~ 0.76 m long, 0.56~0.76 m long and weighs about 10 kg. The body color of langur is rich and colorful. Except for the yellow face, the buttocks, anus and tail are all white, with a circle of white beard hair on the cheeks, dark brown eyes and black circles around them. There are white and chestnut stripes on the neck, reddish-brown tufts on the chin, black hands and feet, and most of the body hair is gray-black. White-rumped langurs mainly inhabit tropical forests. They are diurnal and completely arboreal monkeys. They often move in the canopy of forests, hardly leave the ground, do not drink water, and mainly feed on leaves, buds and fruits. They are good at jumping and graceful. When jumping, their forearms extend over their heads, and their hind limbs land first, which can reach 6 meters in one direction. White-rumped langurs live in groups, and each group is a male or several males and many females. Each group is about 10, and sometimes you can temporarily see a few large groups of small families. It is often seen that female is male in the group, which plays a very important role in connecting the feelings between individuals and maintaining the relationship between group members. The white-waist langur has a late mature age and a low reproduction rate. The male reaches sexual maturity at the age of 5, and the female is at the age of 4, and only one child is born at a time. Hainan Island in China is very small, and the whereabouts of langurs there are secretive, and the number is not very large. Therefore, the langur was unknown to people until1893 65438+February 20th, when a genius of Dresden Natural Museum recorded the existence of langur in Hainan Island for the first time. This time, the account number became the last one, because it has been 100 years now, and I haven't seen the second one. In recent decades, China zoologists have also conducted many resource surveys in Hainan Island, but unfortunately, no white-rumped langurs have been found. So some people suspect that they are extinct in China. 3. Chinese Turkistan Tiger Xinjiang Tiger 19 16 Xinjiang Tiger is one of the five subspecies of Chinese tiger species. Compared with its "cousin" Bengal tiger, Xinjiang tiger is smaller, with fine stripes and lighter coat color. The body length is generally1.6-2.5m, the tail length is about 0.8m, and the weight is about 200-250kg. It is considered to be the only tiger species in desert areas of the world. According to records, the specimen was originally collected near Bosten Lake and officially named as 19 16. According to records, Xinjiang tigers are mainly distributed in Tarim River and Manas River basins. But it is puzzling that no one has really seen or captured it so far, and there is little news of its activities. Nowadays, explorers or scientists who have arrived in Xinjiang from all over the country have a common wish, that is, to find Xinjiang tigers and provide them with a stable living environment, so that they can thrive freely here. Professionals involved in search work carry small cameras with them. If they can find Xinjiang tigers and film their actions, they can get a high bonus of one million yuan. The bonus for the search operation is provided by Xinjiang Adventure Travel Company. However, scientists doubt whether the search can get a satisfactory answer. Only 5% of Xinjiang is suitable for people and animals, but the living environment of tigers and people in Xinjiang is basically similar. China also has the South China Tiger & Northeast Tiger. The current situation is also very worrying. Maybe one day they will leave this world. 4.Pere David Deer Elk 1900 "Four Elephants" is a common name for elk, because its horns are like deer, its head is like a horse, its body is like a donkey, and its hooves are like cows. Some people call it a deer with horns, a camel's neck, an ox's hoof and a donkey's tail, hence the name "four unlike". It is a unique wetland deer in China. The breeding period is from June to August, and there is a courtship struggle. Pregnancy is about 10 months, each baby 1-2. Sexual maturity is about 3 years old and life expectancy is about 20 years. 1900 was once extinct in China, but fortunately a few of them are in Europe, only 18 is left, which is preserved in Wubang Temple in England. After a century of protection, the population has recovered. 1985 returned to Nanhaizi, Beijing, which is the origin of the type specimens of elk species (1865 was discovered by the French missionary David) and the location of the Royal Hunting Park in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Elk is a wetland animal. Due to the adaptation to the wetland habitat, a special form has been formed, that is, the so-called "four unlike", with horns like deer instead of deer, face like horse instead of horse, hoof like cow and tail like donkey. China elk returned to 38 in the first batch from 1985, and after stocking in Nanhaizi 1,000-mu deer park in Beijing, they gradually multiplied and moved to Shishou, Hubei Province, on the bank of the Yangtze River, successfully completing the project of returning to the wild. In addition, the elk along the Yellow Sea in Dafeng, Jiangsu Province are also very prosperous. In addition, by the beginning of 200 1, the number of elk raised in more than 20 zoos in China will reach 1300. The success of the restoration and release of elk is an achievement of wildlife protection in China. It is not only a living teaching material for patriotism education, but also an important example to show the public the possibility and necessity of coordinated development between man and nature. Elk is a first-class protected animal, IUCN Red Book, which is extremely dangerous. At first, poachers from Europe became the saviors of this species more than a hundred years later. What a surprise! 5. Platts Wild Horse Platts Wild Horse 1947 is a native wild animal in Xinjiang. The Platts Wild Horse is native to the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang and the arid desert grassland in the People's Republic of Mongolia, so it is also called Junggar Wild Horse or Mongolian Wild Horse. Its body is very strong, with a body length of about 2.8 meters, a height of over 1 meter and a weight of about 300 kilograms. The body hair is brown, gradually turning yellow and white to the abdomen, and there is a dark brown ridge center line in the center of the waist and back. The mane is short and hard, dark brown and erect, unlike domestic horses hanging on both sides of the neck. 1878, the expedition led by Russian military officer Pugwar Ski went deep into Qiusha River and Dishuiquan area of Junggar Basin for three times from Qitai to Balikun to capture and collect wild horse specimens, and was officially named "PuBuschi Wild Horse" by Russian scholar poliakov in 188 1 year. Because Platts wild horses live in the extremely hard desert Gobi, they lack food and water, as well as low temperature and snowstorm. The killing and destruction of human habitat has accelerated the process of its extinction. In the past 1 century, the distribution area of wild horses has shrunk dramatically, and the number has dropped sharply, and they are on the verge of extinction in nature. 1947, 1 A wild horse was captured in western Mongolia and sent to the Ukrainian zoo for breeding. Since then, no Platts wild horses have been found. 6. Taiwan clouded leopard Taiwan clouded leopard 1972 Taiwan clouded leopard is much smaller than a leopard, generally with a body length of 0.8- 1.2 meters, a tail of 0.7-0.9 meters and a weight of about 20 kilograms. Its pattern is very obvious, its coat color is basically dark brown and grayish yellow, and there are black spots and stripes on its head and limbs. There are large cloud stripes on both sides of its body. Very beautiful. Taiwan clouded leopard is a nocturnal arboreal animal. It sleeps in trees or hides in branches and leaves during the day. It only comes out for activities and foraging at night and rarely walks on the ground. Taiwan clouded leopard is an expert at climbing trees. When climbing a tree, its long and thick tail can keep balance, and its stripes are a good protective color for the tree. Taiwan clouded leopard is timid. Because it is hard to see in the wild, there were thousands of clouded leopards in Taiwan Province before 1940. However, people in Taiwan Province Province selfishly found that clouded leopard's fur is elegant, soft and shiny, and it is the first-class raw material for making leather clothes. At that time, some people in Europe and America also liked leather clothes made of clouded leopard fur. The bones of clouded leopards are also regarded as Chinese herbal medicines. So clouded leopards in Taiwan Province were wiped out and killed in large numbers. At this time, the modern industrial society in Taiwan Province Province is developing rapidly. Forests were cut down in large numbers, clouded leopards lost their homes, and many of them starved to death. Some hungry clouded leopards were poisoned by some poisonous poultry. Due to a large number of hunting and other reasons, the number of clouded leopards in Taiwan Province is decreasing, although the local government of Taiwan Province Province has long protected them. But there are still some lawless elements who have repeatedly stolen and caught clouded leopards. By the end of 1960s, some experts counted that there were less than 10 wild clouded leopards in Taiwan Province province. However, those lawless elements continue to kill clouded leopards. The last clouded leopard in Taiwan fell under the dark muzzle of criminals in 1938+0972. Unfortunately, from then on, people can only enjoy the beautiful clouded leopard in Taiwan Province in pictures. The clouded leopard in Taiwan Province has left us forever. 7. Saiga Antelope Saiga Antelope 1950 is swollen due to its particularly large nose, bent down, and its nostrils are at the tip, hence the name "high-nosed antelope". Body length 100 ~ 150 cm, shoulder height 63 ~ 83 cm, male adult weight 37 ~ 60 kg, female 29 ~ 37 kg. The male has horns, 28 ~ 37 cm long, and the base is about 3/4 of the ring edge, which is amber. The body hair is dark brown, the abdomen and inner limbs are white, and the winter hair is gray. What people usually call the precious medicinal antelope horn comes from the high-nosed antelope. Junggar basin in the south of the former Soviet Union, Mongolia and the north of Xinjiang in China is widely distributed in desert and semi-desert areas. Living in small groups, sometimes hundreds of large groups migrate. In winter, it is mostly active during the day, and in summer, it is mainly active in the morning and evening. There is a seasonal migration phenomenon, and it moves south to the sunny hillside in winter. He runs fast and has endurance, and is called "long-distance runner" by herders. The food is mainly grass and shrubs. Estrous mating in late autumn and early winter. There is fierce competition between males for females, but the time is not long. Pregnant for more than 6 months, each fetus 1 ~ 2 babies. 1 year, semi-sexually mature. The service life is 10 ~ 12 years. Originated in Zhungeer Basin, Xinjiang. The wild population in China has been extinct. It has been introduced into China and semi-scattered in Gansu and Xinjiang, and experimental research has been carried out to restore wild populations. 8. zhili macaque1980s, zhili macaque was once the northernmost primate in China, and Wuling Mountain in Hebei Province, 40 degrees and 40 minutes north latitude, was a national nature reserve established as the northern limit of macaque distribution. Zhili macaque was identified and named by French zoologist Miller Edward in 1870. Wuling Mountain used to be a royal treasure trove of geomantic omen, and logging and hunting were forbidden for a long time, so many species were preserved. After entering the 20th century, people flocked to Wuling Mountain area to cut down trees, making macaques less and less. In the end, they did not survive the 1980 s and became extinct in Wuling Mountain. Since then, the northern limit of macaque distribution has existed in name only. 9. Dolphin Deer 1960 Dolphin Deer is a small tropical deer, mainly produced in India, Myanmar and Thailand. However, a few wild species once lived in Gengma and Ximeng counties in western Yunnan. The adult dolphin deer is about 100 cm in length, 60-70 cm in shoulder height and 50 kg in weight. There is a diagonal line on the head of the male dolphin deer, and the horn is slender and trident-shaped, while the female dolphin deer has no horn. Their hair is beautiful chestnut, with white stripes on their bodies, and the stripes on their backs are more obvious. Dolphin deer has short legs and strong body, so it looks short and stout, not as slender as sika deer, which is why it is called "dolphin" deer. Dolphins and deer do not sprint fast, and they like to keep their heads down when they move, which is not as agile as sika deer. Dolphins and deer like to act alone. Occasionally, two or three deer get together, but never in large groups. During the day, they hide in the Woods and grass and come out to feed at night. Until 1959- 1960, only a few wild dolphin deer survived in China. However, the rapid deterioration of the natural environment and the lack of awareness of wildlife population protection have caused the wild dolphins and deer, which had low requirements for living conditions, to disappear rapidly in China. China's Red Book of Endangered Animals has to declare dolphins and deer extinct in China. The extinction time of wild dolphin deer in China was after 1960. 10. Civet cat with small teeth (extinct in 1980s), also known as raccoon with small teeth and coconut cat with small teeth. It is a carnivorous cat, with a body length of 40 cm to 50 cm and a weight of 1.5 kg to 2 kg. Its tail is longer than its body length, with white stripes in the middle of its face, yellow-brown body and three longitudinal dark stripes on its back. China is only distributed in Mengla and Mengyang in Xishuangbanna, southern Yunnan, hiding in tropical valley rainforests and forest-edge shrubs. Night and morning activities, feeding on rats, amphibians, reptiles and insects. Except for two specimens obtained in Mengla in 1970s and three animal skins obtained in Jinghong and Mengyang, it has disappeared since 1980s and is estimated to be extinct. Yunnan is the northernmost boundary of the distribution of civet cats with small teeth. The extinction is due to the reclamation of forests and the planting of rubber, which destroyed the original habitat of animals.