When did the Vietnam War begin?

I found three for you, many of which you may not need. Just looking around. The answer you need is in the first sentence.

1961may, Kennedy sent special forces to south Vietnam, which opened the precedent for American combat troops to enter Vietnam. This incident is also often seen as a sign of the beginning of the Vietnam War.

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Vietnam War (196 1 year-1975)

Chronicle of events

1961:In May, the United States launched a "special war" in southern Vietnam.

1963:1October 165438+, Vietnamese president Wu Tingyan was killed in a military coup acquiesced in by the United States. Soldiers Yang and Ruan Qing successively took the stage.

1964: In August, the Beibu Gulf incident broke out, and the United States began to "operation rolling thunder" and bombed northern Vietnam.

1965: In March, the US military landed in Da Nang, and the Vietnam War escalated into a "local war" led by the US military. In June, Ruan Wenshao, a soldier from South Vietnam, launched a coup, established a wartime cabinet and served as the chairman of the State Leading Committee.

1967: in April, the south Vietnamese constitutional assembly adopted a new constitution. In September, Ruan Wenshao was elected as president.

1968: In March, the U.S. government was forced to announce a "partial stop" to the bombing of northern Vietnam. In May, the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, China and the United States began to hold talks in Paris. On June+10, 5438, the United States "completely stopped bombing" northern Vietnam.

1969: 1 In June, the talks between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and China and the United States were expanded into four-party talks including the Southern Vietnam National Liberation Front and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The United States began to implement the "Vietnam War" policy in South Vietnam. In June, South Vietnam National Liberation Front and other organizations announced the establishment of a revolutionary interim government headed by Huynh Tan Phat in South Vietnam. In September, Ho Chi Minh, chairman of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, died and Sun Desheng was elected as chairman.

1973: 65438+1On October 27th, the United States signed the Agreement on Ending the Vietnam War and Restoring Peace. On March 29th, all American troops withdrew from South Vietnam.

End of war

Although American troops withdrew from Vietnam in 1973, the war between North Vietnam and South Vietnam did not end, and 1974 was still a bloody year. Guerrilla warfare continued, and North Vietnam regained control of most villages in the south. 1975 65438+ 10, North Vietnam recovered from the huge losses of the Easter offensive and launched the final decisive offensive. In just a few months, South Vietnamese government troops collapsed and major cities fell one after another. In April, North Vietnam launched the Battle of Lu Chun and the Battle of Ho Chi Minh, aiming to capture Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, before May 1 year, in order to prevent the South Vietnamese army from reorganizing new defenses and counterattacks.

1In the first few hours from April 29th to April 30th, 975, the US military organized the largest helicopter evacuation operation in history, and the helicopter evacuation on the roof of a hotel also marked the end of the US involvement in the Vietnam War. On the same day, Saigon fell, North Vietnam captured the American Embassy in Saigon and the presidential palace of South Vietnam, and the regime of South Vietnam was destroyed. In the same year, the * * * production parties in Cambodia and Laos also seized power one after another, and the Vietnam War ended in an all-round victory in * * * production, establishing the * * * Republic of South Vietnam.

1976 65438+1On October 2nd, North Vietnam and South Vietnam were unified to form the new Socialist Republic of Vietnam, and Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh City. Hundreds of South Vietnamese supporters were executed and many more were arrested. Yue * * * came to power and has ruled ever since.

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The Vietnam War (196 1 year ~ 1975), also known as the second Indo-zhina War, is now called the War to Resist American Aggression and Save the Nation by the Vietnamese government (Vietnamese: Chi? n Tranh Ch？ ng M？ c？ United Nations? C), a war for the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) and the United States against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (also known as Vietnam). The Vietnam War was the most influential war in the United States after World War II, and it was also a war in which the United States was completely defeated (although the American government claimed to be a "glorious retreat"). The Vietnam War was a "hot war" in the Cold War. Ho Chi Minh, the leader of North Vietnam who hoped to reunify Vietnam, supported the guerrilla "National Liberation Front" in the south against the Wu Tingyan government in South Vietnam. The United States sent troops to help South Vietnam. The first American president to help South Vietnam was Dwight dwight david eisenhower. John fitzgerald kennedy (john fitzgerald kennedy) began to support the Vietnam War; Lyndon johnson expanded the war. During the reign of Richard Richard Milhous Nixon, the United States gradually withdrew its troops from Vietnam due to the domestic anti-war wave. The North Vietnamese army and the South Vietnamese army finally defeated the South Vietnamese government army and unified the whole territory of Vietnam.

Vietnam was a colony of France before World War II and was occupied by Japan during World War II. 1945 Around the end of World War II, the Viet Cong led by Ho Chi Minh established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (called "North Vietnam" in Japan) in Hanoi in northern Vietnam. France held Baoda Emperor hostage and founded the country in Saigon in the south. North Vietnam and France fought the French-Vietnamese War/Indo-Japanese War for nine years in order to control the whole territory of Vietnam. 1954, with the military assistance of People's Republic of China (PRC), North Vietnam won a decisive victory over the French army in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, and France withdrew from northern Vietnam. According to the resolution of the Geneva Conference (1954), North Vietnam and South Vietnam are temporarily divided by the line of north latitude 17, with North Vietnam ruled by Ho Chi Minh and South Vietnam controlled by Emperor Baoda. 1955, Wu Tingyan staged a coup in Saigon and established the Republic of Vietnam (called "South Vietnam").

The Geneva Conference (1954) stipulated that the election for reunifying the country was scheduled for July 1956, but this election was never held. In the cold war environment, American President Eisenhower began to regard Southeast Asia as a potential key battlefield in the cold war. American policymakers are worried that democratic elections will bring the influence of capitalism to the South Vietnamese government. Therefore, Wu Tingyan won the support of the United States and implemented autocratic rule in South Vietnam, which also enabled North Vietnam to win the public relations war. North Vietnam realized a large-scale agricultural reform and distributed land to farmers, which aroused the yearning of the people in the south. Some people think that it is for this reason that Eisenhower wrote in the memo that if a national election is held, then capitalism will win. However, another explanation is that it is impossible for industrialists in the north to allow free elections in their half of Vietnam. Finally, neither the United States nor Vietnam signed the election clause in the agreement. In this way, a divided Vietnam will become the norm, just like a divided North Korea.

1959, the Central Committee of Vietnam decided to reunify Vietnam by force and sent a large number of military personnel to South Vietnam to organize armed subversion. 1960, the national liberation front of southern Vietnam was established, which was composed of various factions opposed to the Wu Tingyan government and was actually controlled by the central government of Vietnam. In the same year, the "Sino-Soviet Debate" broke out, and both China and the Soviet Union needed to establish their own image in the "international game", so they actively supported North Vietnam to attack South.

In June, US President Kennedy and Soviet leader Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchov met in Vienna. Khrushchev bullied the young American president and tried to intimidate him into making concessions to the Soviet Union on some key disputes. Especially in Berlin, a large number of skilled workers fled to the west. Khrushchev's threats escalated. In August, the Berlin Wall was built overnight, and West Berlin was blocked by East Germany. In September, the Soviet Union resumed its nuclear test. The grim situation made Kennedy think that "if the United States withdraws from Asia, it may upset the balance of power in the world (Schlesinger's words)." The conflict in Indochina Peninsula at this time was the only hot war in the Cold War. Kennedy and his advisers soon decided to show the strength of the United States and its determination to oppose capitalism on the Vietnam issue. At the same time, it is believed that the conflict should follow the North Korean model and be limited to the use of conventional weapons through agents as a way to alleviate the threat of direct nuclear war between the two superpowers.

By this time, the National Liberation Front had controlled most villages in southern Vietnam. Despite the military assistance from the United States, political dictatorship and corruption caused the Wu Tingyan government to lose the popular support and could not stop the National Liberation Front from expanding its power. 1961may, in order to further help the Wu Tingyan government, Kennedy sent a special force to south Vietnam, which opened the precedent for American combat troops to enter Vietnam. This incident is also often seen as a sign of the beginning of the Vietnam War.

1972 In March, Wu Yuanjia mobilized almost all the North Vietnamese military forces and launched an "Easter offensive" on a larger scale than 1968 Spring Festival offensive. Nixon ordered the American B-52 strategic bomber to carry out a full-scale bombing of North Vietnam. The Easter offensive in North Vietnam ended in failure, with losses exceeding 654.38+10,000 people. Wu Yuanjia was also dismissed, and Wen Jinyong took over as commander of the Vietnamese People's Army. The failure of the Easter offensive, the power of American B-52 strategic bombing, and the pressure from the Soviet Union and the Vietnamese people eager to improve relations with the United States forced North China to return to the negotiating table. 1973 65438+1On October 27th, the four parties (Vietnam, the United States, southern Vietnam, the Provisional Revolutionary Government and the Saigon regime) attending the Paris Conference on Vietnam formally signed the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam (Paris Peace Agreement). In the next two months, all American troops withdrew from Vietnam.

The Vietnam war ended in the failure of the United States! ~

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196 1 year, the United States broke the Geneva agreement, fostered the puppet regime in Saigon and launched the war in southern Vietnam. The Vietnamese people rose up and rebelled. 14 after the war, 1957 won.

1954 After the signing of the Geneva Agreement, the United States replaced France to colonize southern Vietnam and helped the South Vietnamese regime fight the civil war. 196 1 year, the United States launched a "special war". This is a war waged by the South Vietnamese army with American guns and under the direct command of American military advisers to suppress the resistance of the Vietnamese people. After the defeat of the special war, the United States began bombing northern Vietnam in August 1964. 1In March 1965, the United States sent ground troops to southern Vietnam to directly participate in the war, and the war of aggression against Vietnam escalated into a local war led by the US military. The U.S. Air Force carried out indiscriminate bombing in Vietnam, dropping bombs several times more than the sum of the bombs dropped by the United States in the anti-fascist war. By April 1969, the number of American troops invading Vietnam had increased to more than 540,000. This local war of "attacking the south and bombing the north" failed again. 1969 After Nixon came to power, the United States turned to the "Vietnam War" policy, and the South Vietnamese army supported by the United States fought against the Vietnamese American armed forces.

Vietnamese soldiers and civilians were indomitable and fought bravely against the American invaders.

Under very difficult conditions, they carried out guerrilla warfare extensively, laid mines everywhere, set traps, destroyed enemy lines of communication, destroyed enemy strongholds, ambushed small groups of enemy troops, and caused American troops to be beaten everywhere.

From the very beginning, the American invasion of Vietnam was strongly condemned by people all over the world, including the American people. The American people once launched a massive anti-war movement. 1In the autumn of 969, thousands of American students went on strike to oppose the government's war policy. 1969165438+1In mid-October, 250,000 Americans marched into the capital, Washington, demanding that the government order to stop the war of aggression against Vietnam. By the early 1970s, the anti-war movement of the American people had reached its climax.

1973 65438+1On October 27th, under the heavy blow of Vietnamese soldiers and civilians and the strong pressure of American people and people all over the world, the US government finally signed the Agreement on Ending War and Restoring Peace in Vietnam, and withdrew all American troops from southern Vietnam. 1 may, 9751day, southern Vietnam was completely liberated, thus ending the American invasion war of 14 years.

In this war, 56,000 Americans were killed, more than 65,438+people were injured, more than 5,000 aircraft of various types were lost, and the war expenditure reached 654,380+billion US dollars. The Vietnamese people also paid a heavy price for fighting the American aggression, with 654.38+6500 casualties and millions of people displaced.