What are the science questions for primary school students?

This is the scientific knowledge point of grades 1-6

1. The solar system

1. The sun is a huge sphere that can glow by itself, bringing us light and warmth.

2. The surface temperature of the sun is about 6, C, and the internal temperature is as high as 15 to 2 million C; The volume of the sun is 1.3 million times that of the earth, and the distance from the earth to the sun is about 15 million kilometers.

3. The sun takes the whole solar system around the center of the Milky Way. The sun was born about 5 billion years ago and its life span is about 1 billion years.

4. The height of the sun refers to the included angle between people's sight of the sun and people's horizontal sight.

5. The eight planets of the sun are Venus, Mercury, Jupiter, Mars, Saturn, Earth, Uranus and Neptune. Jupiter has the most satellites. What fascinates the earth people most is Mars, whose environment is closest to the earth's environment.

6. The revolution direction of the earth is consistent with the rotation direction, both from west to east. One revolution takes one year. The revolution of the earth leads to the change of the length of day and night on the earth and the change of the four seasons.

7. The earth is constantly rotating, and the time for one rotation is one day, about 24 hours. When rotating, the side facing the sun will be illuminated by the sun, which is daytime, called day; The side facing away from the sun is outside the night, which is called night. When the earth keeps spinning, the phenomenon of day and night will appear alternately.

8. From outside to inside, the earth is: crust, mantle and core. The crust is a thin shell on the earth's surface, with an average thickness of about 17 kilometers; The average thickness of the mantle is about 29 kilometers, and most earthquakes are caused by mantle activity. The radius of the core is about 347 kilometers, and the temperature is about 3C to 5C c.

9. About 71% of the earth's surface is covered by sea water, and the rest is land. The earth is the only known planet with life.

1. The surface of the moon belongs to scraggy, with craters, highlands and the moon sea. There is no air on the moon, so there is no voice. The distance between the earth and the moon is about 38 thousand kilometers; The moon itself does not shine, and moonlight is the sunlight reflected by the moon; The highest temperature of the moon during the day can reach 12C, and the lowest temperature at night can drop below-18C; The moon is much smaller than the earth, only 49 moons are as big as the earth, and the gravity of the moon is only 1/6 of that of the earth.

11. The moon is a satellite of the earth. It keeps rotating and revolving around the earth. The revolution direction is from west to east, and period of revolution is a month of the lunar calendar.

12. The moon's phases are different. The moon phase is formed because the moon revolves around the earth, and the cycle of the moon phase is one month in the lunar calendar.

13. The sundial is an ancient timekeeping instrument, which is equivalent to the present watch; The standard watch is an ancient instrument for measuring seasons and years, which is equivalent to the current calendar.

14 or 1 light year is the distance that light travels in a vacuum in one year. A light year is about 9.5 trillion kilometers.

2. Earth knowledge

1. April 22nd is Earth Day.

2. The "face" of the earth refers to the appearance of the earth, referred to as "landform" for short. There are Yadan landform, coastal landform and glacier landform.

3. Wei Gena guessed that the continents might have been connected in ancient times. The application of "continental drift theory" plays a great role in mineral exploration and natural disaster prediction.

4. There is only "one day and one night" in the whole year near the South Pole. "daytime" is the whole summer, warm and bright; "Night" is the whole winter, cold and dark.

5. Antarctica is a continent: Antarctica; The North Pole is an ocean: the Arctic Ocean.

6. Li Siguang is the founder of the geological cause in China.

7. There are sand, clay, water, air, small animals and plants in the soil.

8. According to the amount of sediment and clay in the soil, people divide the soil into three categories: the soil with more clay is called clayey soil; Sandy soil is called sandy soil; Soil with similar content of sand and clay is called loam.

9. Earthworms, also known as natural plows, like soft and moist soil layers. It can improve the soil. In the Olympic Village of Sydney Olympic Games in 2, 1.6 million earthworms were used to treat domestic garbage.

1. The changes of substances in the process of use and waste reuse include morphological changes and the generation of new substances.

11. Garbage disposal methods mainly include: open-air stacking, sanitary landfill, incineration, composting, classified recovery, reuse, etc. Among them, source reduction, classified recycling and comprehensive treatment are the best garbage disposal methods.

12. Common soilless culture methods include hydroponics, sawdust culture and sand culture.

13. Mineral resources are the products of the long-term development and evolution of the earth's crust, which are generally divided into energy minerals, metal minerals, non-metal minerals and so on.

14. After ancient plants were buried underground, after a long-term change, they will form an energy mineral-coal. In China's energy structure, the proportion of coal is too large, reaching about 7%.

15. Energy minerals include coal, oil and natural gas.

16. The hardness of rocks is divided into 1 grades. Diamond is the hardest with a hardness of 1, while mica is the softest with a hardness of 1.

17. Factors such as temperature, water and atmosphere will cause weathering.

18. The coastal areas around the Pacific Ocean have the most frequent seismic activity.

19. Zhang Heng, a scientist from the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, invented an instrument for measuring earthquakes-the seismograph of the waiting wind.

2. Green community refers to a civilized community with facilities that meet the requirements of environmental protection, and a relatively complete environmental management system and public participation mechanism.

21. Green community construction includes: green building, community greening, garbage disposal, sewage treatment, water-saving facilities, energy-saving facilities, new energy facilities, perfect management system, good living habits of residents, etc.

22. Nanjing, Wuhan and Chongqing are the so-called "three furnaces" in China. In China, the hottest place is Turpan in Xinjiang. The coldest is the northernmost Mohe River.

3. Electricity and magnetism

1. Magnets have two poles: South Pole (S Pole) and North Pole (N Pole).

2. Magnets can refer to north and south; Magnets can absorb iron products; The magnet has strong magnetic force at two poles and weak magnetic force in the middle; Magnets repel each other with the same poles and attract each other with different poles.

3. When the coil is electrified, it becomes magnetic like a magnet. Adding an iron core in the middle of the coil will make the coil more magnetic.

4. A coil with an iron core inserted in the middle is called an electromagnet. The electromagnet produces magnetism when it is energized, but disappears when it is de-energized, and the magnetic size and pole can be controlled.

5. Compass is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. Sina is the ancestor of the compass.

6. The earth is a huge magnet.

7. China is the third country to master the maglev train technology.

8. When small beads, wires and batteries are connected in a circle, a circuit is formed, and electricity can flow in the circuit.

9. We should pay attention to saving electricity and using electricity safely.

1. objects that are easy to conduct electricity, such as copper, aluminum and iron, are called conductors. Objects such as rubber, plastics, ceramics, etc., which are extremely difficult to conduct electricity, are called insulators. The boundary between conductor and insulator is not absolute.

11. The small light bulb and buzzer in electric toys can convert electric energy into light and sound.

12. The current is directional. Using diodes, the circuit can only pass current in one direction.

13. Common power generation methods: hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power, wind power, solar power, etc.

4. Sound, light and heat

1. Use the alcohol lamp correctly and safely: ① When lighting the alcohol lamp, do not tilt the lamp body to light the fire, but use a match to light it from the side; ② The flame of alcohol lamp is divided into three layers, and the outer flame has the highest temperature, so the object should be heated on the outer flame; (3) when put out, you can't blow with your mouth, you should cover it with a lamp cap. After the cover is destroyed, lift the lamp cap and cover it again to prevent it from being opened next time.

2. The flame of alcohol lamp is divided into three layers: external flame, internal flame and flame core. The external flame burns the most fully and the temperature is the highest.

3. Combustion conditions: combustible materials, oxygen and a certain temperature.

4. Paper cups can boil water.

5. Generally, objects have the properties of thermal expansion and cold contraction (thermal expansion and cold contraction). However, the volume of water is the smallest at 4 C, and it will expand above or below 4 C.

6. Heat always transfers from high-temperature objects to low-temperature objects.

7,1 kcal = 4.2 kj.

8. There are three ways of heat transfer: conduction, radiation and convection.

9. Sound is produced by the vibration of objects. The vibration of gas, liquid and solid will produce sound. Sound can spread among solids, liquids and gases.

1. Common orchestral instruments can be roughly divided into three categories: stringed instruments, wind instruments and percussion instruments.

11. Music has three elements: loudness, pitch and timbre.

12. The function of the stringed instrument * * * is to make the sound louder.

13. There are three methods to control noise: control at sound source, control at sound transmission path and control at sound reception.

14. A luminous object is called a light source. Light travels in a straight line.

15. When light strikes the surface of some objects, the route of light will change. This phenomenon is called light reflection. Different objects have different abilities to reflect light.

16. The convex lens has the functions of focusing, magnifying and imaging.

17. Sunlight is composed of seven colors of light. They are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple.

18. Ordinary white light (such as sunlight) is composed of seven colors. Different objects will absorb and reflect different colors of light. For example, a red flower only reflects red light, while other light is absorbed by it.

15. Red, green and blue are the three basic colors, which are called the three primary colors of light. All colors of light are composed of these three colors of light, and color TV sets use this principle.

V. Machinery and Force

1. Tools or devices used for labor saving or convenience in work are called machinery. Everything from a needle to an aircraft carrier is mechanical.

2. Conditions for balance of lever ruler: (left) number of squares x number of hook codes = (right) number of squares x number of hook codes

3. Lever is a simple machine with the earliest invention and the widest application.

4, the distance from the force point to the fulcrum > the distance from the fulcrum is the labor-saving lever;

when the distance from the force point to the fulcrum is less than the distance from the key point to the fulcrum, it is a laborious lever;

5. When the distance from the force point to the fulcrum = the distance from the key point to the fulcrum, it is a lever that is neither labor-saving nor laborious.

6, labor-saving lever costs distance, and laborious lever saves distance.

7. A wheel with small teeth on its edge is called a gear.

8. A wheel with a groove around the edge of a rope is a pulley.

9. The pulley that is fixed in one place and cannot move is called crown block; Crown block can change the direction of force, but can't save effort.

1. The pulley that moves with the weight is called the moving pulley; Moving pulley can save labor and can't change the direction of force.

11. The pulley block is labor-saving and convenient.

12. Force is everywhere. Pushing, pulling, lifting, pressing, attracting and repelling between objects are all forces. Force can change the motion state of an object. Force has not only magnitude, but also direction.

13. Dynamometer: an instrument used to measure the force. The "n" marked on it is the symbol of the unit of force "Newton" (abbreviated as "cow").

14. Like a block of wood, an object immersed in water will be pushed upward by the water, which is called buoyancy. Objects that float on the water and sink to the bottom are subjected to the buoyancy of water.

15. When an object is subjected to an external force, it will change its shape, and at the same time, it will produce a force to resist deformation, which is called elasticity. When the external force disappears, they will return to their original shape. This property of objects is called elasticity.

16. within the elastic limit, the greater the change of the shape of the object, the greater the elastic force.

17. When an object slides on the surface of another object, the force that prevents it from sliding is called friction. The surface of scraggy is the cause of friction. The friction between objects is related to the roughness of the contact surface and the pressure between them. Friction has both beneficial and harmful effects on us.

18. The known forces are gravity, elasticity, friction, wind, water, buoyancy, recoil, magnetism, etc.

19. A swing is a swing once. The longer the swinging rope is, the slower it swings.

2. In China, water clocks are also called "carved leak" and "leaky pot". According to the working mode, it can be divided into two types: one is to record the time of water leakage (drainage type), and the other is to record the time of water injection (receiving type).

21. The pendulum clock is made of the property that the pendulum can swing regularly; The water clock is made by using the relative stability of water flow under the same conditions; Quartz watches are made of Shi Ying crystal in the circuit, which can produce vibration with stable frequency. People invented all kinds of clocks and watches by using the relatively stable motion law of some objects.

22. Animals and humans have biological clocks. People's biological clocks are varied, such as body temperature, blood pressure, pulse, mood, physical strength and intelligence, which all change periodically. The biological clock has a great influence on human health.

6. Air and water

1. Air is a mixture. It is mainly composed of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gases. By volume, nitrogen accounts for about 78%, oxygen accounts for about 21%, and other gases, including carbon dioxide and water vapor, account for about 1%.

2. Oxygen can support combustion and is soluble in water. (slightly soluble in water)

3. The content of carbon dioxide in the air is very small. It is heavier than air, does not support combustion, and is very soluble in water. In the case of pressure cooling, it can form a snow-like solid called dry ice. Dry ice can be used to refrigerate goods, carry out artificial rainfall and simulate clouds on the stage.

4. The temperature of the air is called the air temperature. The commonly used degree-day is "Celsius", which is represented by the symbol "C".

5. Measure the temperature with a thermometer: ① Hang the thermometer in an outdoor ventilated place that is not exposed to direct sunlight; ② The thermometer is about 1.5 meters high from the ground; (3) when reading, keep the thermometer vertical, and the line of sight is level with the top of the liquid column of the thermometer.

6. The heat energy of the sun makes the air on the earth flow and forms the wind. The wind is caused by the difference of regional temperature.

7. Wind is flowing air. The direction of the wind is determined as the wind direction. The power of wind is called wind power. The faster the wind, the stronger the wind. People generally divide the wind power from small to large into to 12 and ***13.

8. The wind vane measures the direction of the wind; Wind meter measures the wind.

9. The wind is both beneficial and harmful to people.

1. Tornado is a whirlwind with strong wind and small range. From a distance, it looks like a wobbly elephant's nose.

11. Meteorological index is the degree of influence of meteorological conditions on the environment.

12. March 23rd every year is World Meteorological Day. "Meteorology" refers to wind, clouds, rain, snow, thunder, fog, lightning and other phenomena that occur in the atmosphere. "Weather" refers to the comprehensive situation of various meteorology in a short period of time.

13. Rivers, lakes and seas.